Mehlich 3 Extraction of Boron in Boron Treated Soils as Compared to Other Extractants

Abstract

Hot water extraction (HW) is time‐consuming, highly variable, and losing popularity as the standard method for estimating plant‐available boron (B) in soil. Proposed alternatives are not widely used and guesstimation is replacing assessment at many soil test facilities. Mehlich 3 is increasingly promoted as a universal extractant, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)–sorbitol and pressurized hot water (PHW) are effective and comparable to hot water extraction but also simpler and easier. Mehlich 3 B extraction has been compared mainly to hot water extraction. Because Mehlich 3 usage would be limited to neutral to acid soils, this study used a limed acid Darco loamy fine sand (loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Grossarenic Paleudult) from eastern Texas to which 10 rates of B were applied followed by either incubation without plants or planting to alfalfa in greenhouse pots. Mehlich 3 extraction of soils obtained from a long‐term experiment on Darco soil from which alfalfa yield response has already been related to hot water, DTPA–sorbitol, and PHW is reported. The purpose was to determine the efficiency of Mehlich 3 B extraction compared to hot water, PHW, and DTPA–sorbitol in these B‐fertilized soils. Mehlich 3–extractable B significantly correlated with the rate of B application to incubation, greenhouse, and field soils and with B concentration and total B uptake in alfalfa in a greenhouse experiment. However, yield responses to B application were not observed in the greenhouse study. In the field where B response to B application was observed, Mehlich 3–extractable B did not correlate with alfalfa yield, whereas hot water and pressurized hot water did. In considering Mehlich 3 for B extraction, be aware that some older inductively coupled plasma (ICP) models may have significant drift when B is measured in Mehlich 3 extractant. In the current study, this problem was overcome with a new model instrument. Although effective in estimating B levels imposed on soils by fertilizer application, Mehlich 3 could not predict yield and thus cannot currently be recommended as a “universal” extractant to include B.     

Comparison of Three Micronutrient Soil-Test Extractants in Three Greek Soil Types

The purpose of the present study was to compare the ability of three micronutrient soil-test extractants [diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), Mehlich 3, and Soltanpour and Schwab] to determine plant-available concentrations of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in three soils (from parent material Marl, Gneiss schist, and Peridotite) from central Macedonia, northern Greece. In black plastic bags containing 3 kg of air-dried soil, self-rooted olive plants (cv. Chondrolia Chalkidikis) were grown for about 5 months and irrigated with distilled water during the experimental period. At the end of the experimental period, the three extractants were evaluated, based on correlation analysis among leaf micronutrient concentrations, total plant micronutrient content of olive plants, and soil micronutrient concentrations determined by each extractant. The largest extractable concentrations of Mn, Fe, and Zn were determined by Mehlich 3, compared to the other two soil-test extractants. However, for the correlation analysis, the greatest correlation coefficient between leaf Mn (and total plant Mn content) and soil extractable Mn was achieved when DTPA was used (varying from 0.76 to 0.88, depending on soil type). Therefore, it is concluded that DTPA was a better extractant to determine plant-available Mn than the other extractants for the three soils studied. For correlations between leaf Fe and Zn concentrations and also for total plant Fe and Zn content, and soil extractable concentrations, the type of extractant and soil type play a very important role in determining the best correlation. This means that in each soil type the greatest correlation was achieved with the use of other extractant. For example, for Fe in the Marl and Peridotite soils the best correlation was found for Mehlich 3, whereas in the Gneiss schist the best correlation was achieved for DTPA (R = 0.72–0.94). For Zn, in the Gneiss schist soil the best extractant in determining plant available concentration was Soltanpour and Schwab (R = 0.49–0.60), whereas in the other two soil types DTPA was found to be the most reliable extractant (R = 0.51–0.78). Therefore, soil type should be carefully and thoroughly studied by the researchers in similar future experiments.     

Suitability of Different Soil Extractants for Determination of Available Cu and Mn Contents in Polish Soils

The aim of this study was to compare four micronutrient soil-test extractants currently in common use in Poland, Rinkis, Mehlich 3, modified Lindsay and Norvell, and Yanai, for ability to determine the plant-available concentration of copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) in two acidic soils (pH 4.8–4.9) that had been amended with different doses of Cu and Mn fertilizers. The comparison was based on two pot experiments (each with a different soil) with corn (Zea mays), barley (Hordeum vulgare), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum), rape (Brassica napus), red clover (Trifolium pratense), and English ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The extractants were evaluated based on a correlation analysis of the microelement concentrations in plants at the end of the vegetative phase and micronutrient concentration in the fertilized soil determined by each extractant at the end of the experimental period. The largest extractable concentrations of Cu and Mn in soils were obtained with Rinkis. The modified Lindsay and Norvell soil test extracted the lowest amount of both microelements. For soil Cu, the results with the Mehlich 3 and Yanai extractants were highly correlated with the Rinkis procedure results (r = 0.98). The modified Lindsay and Norvell results were not as well correlated with Rinkis (r = 0.84). For soil Mn, the correlation of results of Yanai, Mehlich 3, and modified Lindsay and Norvell to Rinkis ranged from r = 0.80 to r = 0.86. Levels of Mn and Cu measured with each of the extractants were highly correlated with plant tissue concentrations of Mn and Cu in most of the six plant species. The exceptions to this were the following: The modified Lindsay and Norvell soil Cu levels were not correlated with ryegrass and wheat plant Cu levels; Mehlich 3 Cu was not correlated with red clover Cu; and the Rinkis-extractable Mn was not correlated with the wheat Mn. It is concluded that the Yanai and Mehlich 3 procedures are suitable alternatives to the Rinkis for Cu but not for Mn.     

控释肥对马铃薯生长及土壤酶活性的影响

通过马铃薯田间试验,研究了控释肥对马铃薯生长和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,与普通肥料相比,控释肥有利于提高马铃薯的株高、茎粗和叶绿素含量,分别提高5.94%,9.04%,5.55%,且控释肥减量20%仍不影响其促进作用。施用控释肥和普通化肥都可以促进土壤酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性,但控释肥平均比普通肥料的促进作用分别提高10.2%和14.62%,控释肥显著优于普通肥料;控释肥可促进脲酶活性,平均提高15.7%,而普通肥料会对其产生抑制;控释肥处理会对土壤过氧化氢酶活性造成一定的抑制作用,使其活性平均降低11.13%。与其他控释肥处理相比,控释肥减量20%,对脲酶活性的促进作用减小了9.41%,对酸性磷酸酶的促进作用减小了9.02%,对蔗糖酶的促进作用增加了5.56%,对过氧化氢酶的抑制作用降低了5.2%。     

Organic and Mineral Fertilization: Effects on Physical Characteristics and Boron Dynamic in an Agricultural Soil

Abstract

The mineral and organic fertilizations on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivation were investigated to understand the correlations between soil physical and mechanical indexes and boron (B) dynamic (adsorption, desorption, fractions) in soil. The fertilization with compost (derived by wine‐producing residues) and integrated fertilization (compost plus ammonium nitrate) increased the soil workability, as do the extent of aggregation, the water retention, and the cation exchange of the soil. The physical (colloids index, Ic) and mechanical (shear resistance, τ) properties showed a significantly higher value in compost and integrated fertilization plots. The biomass application to the soil influences the sorption B behavior, which is related to the soil shear strength and the compaction susceptibility; the Langmuir maximum adsorption for B was positively related with plastic deformation (De) and dry bulk density (Db) and negatively related to water infiltration (Wi), τ, and compressibility index (Cs).

The B desorption was not modified by the variation on soil mechanical resistance; no correlation was found between B desorption index and physical–mechanical parameters of the soil. The B fractions, not readily available for plants, occluded in aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) oxyhydroxides (Ox‐B) and organically bound (OM‐B), were negatively correlated with colloid index (Ic), Wi, τ, and moisture content (U), and were positively correlated with De, Db, and compressibility index (Cp, related to organic‐matter content of the soil).     

长期不同施肥处理对不同土层土壤水力性质的影响

[目的]探讨不同施肥处理对土壤主要水力性质的影响及随深度的变化,为制定科学的施肥方案提供理论依据,进而促进农业的可持续发展.[方法]以黄土高原地区36 a的长期施肥定位试验为依据,选取4个施肥处理:不施肥对照处理、单施化肥(氮磷配施)、单施有机肥和化肥有机肥配施,通过测定土壤有机质含量、容重、孔隙度、水分参数等来评价土...     

保水型专用肥对制种玉米田土壤蓄水量的影响及最佳施肥量研究

在甘肃省河西内陆灌区的制种玉米田,采用田间试验方法,研究了保水型专用肥对土壤物理性质和蓄水量的影响及制种玉米田最佳施肥量。结果表明,影响玉米产量的因素由大到小依次为:CO(NH₂)₂>(NH₄)₂HPO₄>糠醛渣>保水剂>ZnSO₄·7H₂O;因素间最佳组合为:CO(NH₂)₂600kg/hm²,(NH₄)₂HPO₄350kg/hm²,ZnSO₄·7H₂O 30kg/hm²,保水剂19.98kg/hm²,糠醛渣15 000kg/hm²。保水型专用肥施肥量与玉米制种田容重呈负相关关系,与孔隙度、蓄水量、玉米植物学性质和经济性状呈正相关关系。随着保水型专用肥施用量梯度的增加,玉米穗粒数、穗粒重、百粒重、产量在增加,但边际产量、边际利润表现为递减,保水型专用肥施用量在10.00t/hm²的基础上再增加2.50t/hm²,收益出现负值。经回归统计分析,保水型专用肥施用量与玉米产量可用一元二次方程拟合,经济效益最佳施肥量为9.99t/hm²,玉米的理论产量为6 715.33kg/hm²。     

马铃薯加工废水灌溉农田土壤肥力特征及其对施肥的响应

为探明施肥措施对马铃薯淀粉加工废水灌溉后农田土壤肥力的影响，设置7个施肥处理：T₁(CK)，不施肥；T₂，常规施肥；T₃，优化施肥(减氮增磷)；T₄，优化施肥+增氧剂；T₅，优化施肥70%+生物有机肥；T₆，优化施肥70%+生物有机肥+增氧剂；T₇，缓释肥(沃夫特26-10-12)，取样并检测土壤养分指标及微生物数量。结果表明，与灌溉前相比，灌溉后种植前0～20 cm和20～50 cm土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾均激增，分别增加68.65%、70.73%,95.47%、86.41%,434.60%、931.05%和485.07%、580.31%，收获后不同施肥处理土壤养分均显著下降，且处理间差异显著。灌溉后种植前0～20 cm土壤真菌、细菌和放线菌分别增加10倍、50倍和1.5倍，微生物总量增加34倍，收获后T₁中土壤真菌有所下降，其余施肥处理下土壤真菌显著增加，各施肥处理土壤细菌和微生物总量显著降低，放线...     

垄膜沟灌马铃薯测土施肥指标体系——以甘肃省张掖市山丹县为例

[目的]确定施肥指标体系,为垄膜沟灌马铃薯提供精确的施肥配方。[方法]2007—2010年在甘肃省张掖市山丹县进行马铃薯"3414"田间肥效试验,分析不同土壤肥力水平下马铃薯土壤有效养分含量与相对产量的相关性,并依此确定土壤养分丰缺指标和推荐施肥量。[结果]将山丹县马铃薯田间土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量等级划分为低、较低、中、较高、高5级,对应推荐施氮量分别为>225.7,193.3~225.7,117.2~193.3,161.0~177.2,<161.0kg/hm2;推荐施磷量分别为>164.3,146.5~164.3,137.6~146.5,128.6~137.6,<128.6kg/hm2;推荐施钾量分别为>166.8,149.7~166.8,141.1~149.7,132.5~141.1,<132.5kg/hm2。经过150个示范点的调研分析发现,利用测土配方施肥技术增产率达9.8%,节约化肥67.5kg/hm2,节本506.3元/hm2,节本增效3 286.5元/hm2。[结论]垄膜沟灌马铃著测土配方施肥技术可以实现普遍增产和增效。     

液态有机肥对酚酸胁迫下马铃薯生长发育和土壤酶活性影响

为明确液态有机肥对土壤酚酸导致马铃薯的连作障碍的缓解效应,采用盆栽试验,将阿魏酸与香草酸等量混合后按不同浓度(0,50,100,150 mg/kg)施加于马铃薯基质土壤中,模拟马铃薯连作分泌的有机酸自毒物质,并施加不同浓度梯度液态有机肥(0,225,450,675 kg/hm^2),探讨酚酸胁迫下液态有机肥对马铃薯生长发育以及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:单一施加外源酚酸对马铃薯株高、茎粗、叶面积以及干物质量皆有不同程度的抑制作用,随酚酸浓度增加,土壤中脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性相对对照分别降低2.74%~10.95%,11.11%~20.55%,5.29%~12.96%,过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶活性升高,FDA水解酶活性表现为低促进高抑制。施加液态有机肥后提高了马铃薯株高、茎粗、叶面积以及干物质量,土壤酶活性均有提高,脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、FDA水解酶活性相对对照处理最高分别提高了10.80%,21.40%,18.20%,29.60%,37.69%,12.31%,但是液态有机肥浓度过高降低了其对磷酸酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶的提升效果,抑制了FDA水解酶活性。因此合理施加液态有机肥可以促进马铃薯生长发育,提高土壤酶活性,增强马铃薯的抗逆性,从而缓解酚酸对马铃薯的胁迫作用。     

马铃薯淀粉渣对土壤保肥特性及玉米幼苗生长的影响

[目的]探究马铃薯淀粉渣对土壤保肥特性及玉米幼苗生长的影响,为马铃薯淀粉渣的利用提供依据。[方法]采用室内人工气候箱模拟自然环境和用淋洗管模拟田间淋洗的方法,测定沙壤土中施入0,1.00,5.00,10.00,20.00,30.00g/kg的马铃薯淀粉渣对土壤容重、土壤总孔隙度、土壤含水量;土壤淋洗出的硝态氮、铵态氮、速效磷和速效钾含量及玉米幼苗株高、茎粗和干鲜重等指标。[结果]马铃薯淀粉渣施用量为30g/kg时,土壤容重降幅达7.24%,土壤总孔隙度、土壤含水量升幅分别为10.15%,21.25%;土壤淋洗出的硝态氮、铵态氮、速效磷和速效钾含量降幅分别为97.13%,91.03%,63.85%和66.4%;玉米幼苗株高较对照降低8.90%,茎粗较对照增加25.53%,幼苗的干、鲜重分别比对照提高13.47%,15.79%。[结论]马铃薯淀粉渣施用量为30.00g/kg时,改善了土壤理化性状,增强了保肥能力,明显促进玉米幼苗干物质的积累。     

Predicting Maize Yield,Nutrient Concentration,and Uptake in Phosphorus- and Potassium-Fertilized Soils: Pressurized Hot Water and Other Alternatives to Mehlich I Extraction in Guatemala Soils

Abstract

Poor accessibility and cost of soil testing reduce effectiveness of fertilizer use on small‐scale subsistence farms, and inadequate funding promotes adoption of soil tests in developing countries with minimal validation. For example, Mehlich I extraction of phosphorus (P) currently used extensively in Guatemala may not be suitable for Guatemala's broad range of soils. At least four alternatives are available but relatively untested [Bray 1, Mehlich III, Olsen, and pressurized hot water (PHW)]. Pressurized hot water is relatively simple and inexpensive but is not yet tested against other extraction methods under variable P or potassium (K) fertilization levels. To determine whether PHW‐extracted nutrients could be used to predict maize yield and nutrient concentration and uptake, soil, plant tissue and grain samples were obtained from a multiple‐site field study, and calibration studies were conducted using five rates of P and three rates of K on soils incubated without plants or cropped with maize in greenhouse and field conditions. In the multiple‐site field study, maize yield related significantly to PHW‐extractable P (r²=0.36) and to leaf P concentration (r²=0.23), but Mehlich I–extractable P did not. In the two soils used in the greenhouse study, maize yield, vegetative P concentration, and total P uptake by maize were predicted by PHW‐extractable P (R²=0.72, 0.75, and 0.90, respectively). In the field experiment, grain yield was not improved by P or K application, but P concentration of maize leaf tissue did relate significantly with PHW‐extracted P (R²=0.40). Mehlich I did not. There were no yield responses to K application in any experiment, but relationships defined between extractable K for all five K‐extraction procedures and soil‐applied K were similarly significant. In comparison, PHW was as good as or better than Olsen whereas Bray 1 and Mehlich III were less consistent. Mehlich I was overall the poorest P extractant. Mehlich I extraction of P should be replaced by one of the four alternatives tested. PHW is the least expensive and, therefore, most viable for use in Guatemala soils.     

旱地不同覆盖沟垄种植方式对马铃薯土壤水分和产量的影响

马铃薯是西北黄土高原半干旱区的特色作物和主栽作物之一,如何提高其降水利用效率是发展该区域马铃薯产业的重点问题。在大田试验条件下,以不同的覆盖方式和沟垄种植方式为处理,测定马铃薯生育期的土壤水分含量及其分布和产量,计算耗水量和水分利用效率,研究西北黄土高原半干旱区旱地不同覆盖和种植方式对马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,马铃薯采用草-膜二元覆盖垄种技术,能够有效地积蓄自然降水,草-膜二元全地面覆盖保墒、垄沟有效地聚集和保持了土壤水分,尤其在伏旱阶段的块茎形成期,0-100cm土层的土壤含水量高于全膜覆盖处理。因此,高垄膜覆盖沟覆草垄播使得产量和水分利用效率较其它种植模式分别提高8.39%～58.38%和8.46%～67.97%,是一项适合于西北黄土高原旱作区马铃薯高产的栽培技术。     

不同土壤肥力水平下施氮对甘薯产量与氮肥利用率的影响

为探明不同土壤肥力条件下施用氮肥对甘薯产量和氮肥利用率的影响,选取鲜食型甘薯品种烟薯25号为试验材料,采用大田试验,研究了施氮对不同土壤肥力下甘薯产量及产量构成因素、干物质积累规律和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:不施氮条件下,甘薯蔓数、最大蔓长度、叶面积指数和产量均表现为高肥力中肥力低肥力(P0.05)。3种土壤肥力条件下,增施氮肥均能显著增加甘薯蔓数、最大蔓长度和叶面积指数(P0.05),但对最大蔓节间数影响不显著。高肥力、中肥力和低肥力地块分别在施氮量为50,100,150kg/hm~2时获得最高产量,分别较不施氮处理(N0)增产16.06%,29.63%和33.33%。与地力条件无关,增施氮肥均能提高甘薯地上部干物质累积量。中、低土壤肥力条件下,甘薯氮累积量随施氮量增加逐渐增加,而高土壤肥力条件下呈先增加后降低的趋势;高肥力地块氮肥利用率随施氮量增加而逐渐降低,中肥力地块先增加后逐渐降低,在100kg/hm~2时氮肥利用率最高,低肥力地块逐渐增加。综合产量和氮肥利用率,可知高肥力、中肥力和低肥力地块甘薯适宜施氮量分别为50,100,150kg/hm~2。     

保水剂特性测定及其在农业中的应用

高分子化学材料的保水剂,具有高倍吸水和保水能力,种类较多。该研究测定了钠类保水剂主要化学特性改土保土效应。通过田间试验,分析其对作物产量和肥料利用率的影响。研究表明,保水剂溶液钠离子和电导度随其浓度增加而增加,但增幅较小,对pH值影响不大。钙、镁等二价离子对聚丙稀酸钠保水剂的吸水力拮抗作用明显,与尿素混用无不良效果。土壤加入保水剂后,其保水能力增加,改善结构,沙壤土较重壤土更显著。当土壤中保水剂含量在0.005%～0.01%范围时,土壤团聚体增加量明显。在-0.5MPa土壤水势压内,含保水剂0.5%的土壤中90%水分可为植物根系利用。研究认为,保水剂保水作用主要表现4方面:自身保水、改良土壤结构增加土壤保水、促进植物生长提高肥料利用率、缓慢释水减少蒸发。田间试验发现,穴施15kg/hm²的保水剂的玉米和马铃薯分别增产22%和16%,投产比为1∶3.5和1∶4.2。保水剂与尿素或尿素磷肥混合使用于玉米,可分别提高尿素和磷肥利用效率18.72%和27.06%。     

垄沟集雨种植下不同降解地膜沟覆盖对农田马铃薯产量和土壤水热的影响

为筛选适宜于西北旱作区沟垄集雨系统下马铃薯生长和产量提高的降解地膜类型,于2015—2016年设置两年田间试验,以平作不覆盖为对照(CK),研究生物地膜(DS)、麻纤维地膜(DM)和液态地膜(DY)的降解特征、土壤水热效应及其对马铃薯生长、产量的影响。结果表明,两年试验期内不同类型降解地膜的降解失重率整体表现为DY>DM>DS,DY完全降解,DM和DS两年平均降解失重率达72.3%和38.3%。两年生育期平均土壤蓄水量各处理表现为DS>DM>DY≈CK,DM和DS在生育关键期(播后70 d)有效增加0~160 cm层土壤蓄水量,2015年较CK分别增加29.0%和15.6%,2016年分别增加17.8%和11.6%;而DY与CK无显著差异。与CK相比,DY在播后30~50 d土壤保温效应显著,DM 在播后0~70 d土壤增温效果尤为显著;在播后110 d各处理土壤增温效应差异不显著。土壤水分、温度与马铃薯总产量Pearson相关分析表明,播后30 d土壤水分、温度对马铃薯总产量的形成至关重要,且播后70~90 d土壤水分对总产量的影响高于土壤温度。与CK相比,DM、DS和DY的马铃薯产量2015年分别显著增加20.3%、17.4%和9.2%,2016年分别显著增加18.1%、17.0%和12.2%;DS、DM的水分利用效率2015年分别显著增加24.1%和24.5%,2016年分别显著增加23.1%和15.2%。两年马铃薯纯收益均以DM最高,较CK分别显著增加47.8%和32.4%。综上,沟垄集雨种植下可降解地膜沟覆盖能显著改善旱地土壤水热环境,提高马铃薯产量、水分利用效率和纯收益,以沟覆盖麻纤维地膜处理效果最佳。本研究结果为降解地膜覆盖种植应用于西北旱作区马铃薯农业生产提供了理论依据和技术参考。     

滴喷灌施肥方式对土壤养分空间分异及茶苗根系生长的影响

探究滴灌和喷灌对土壤理化和生物学性状及茶苗根系生长的影响,为科学灌溉施肥提供理论依据。土壤培养设置土施(SA)、喷施(FA)和滴施(DA)3种施肥方式,15,30,45,60天后,选取培养钵表土中心点为参照,根据距中心点水平和垂直方向距离差异,将培养土壤划分3个空间区域,观测pH、电导率、养分和生物学性质;茶树盆栽试验设置2个氮水平和土施、喷施、滴施3种施肥方式共6个处理,观测茶苗根系生长和形态。土培试验结果表明,FA与SA处理不同空间土壤区域无明显差异,而DA与FA之间差异明显,60天后离中心点水平5 cm、垂直0—10 cm的土壤区域内,其电导率、pH、碱解N、速效K和速效P含量DA较FA分别增加35.6%,30.7%,40.6%,34.3%和74.8%,区域内细菌、真菌和放线菌分别增加174.6%,167.0%和289.0%,脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性呈相反变化,DA较FA分别降低42.5%和31.4%。盆栽试验结果表明,茶树根系生长整体表现为FA＞SA＞DA,FA较DA的茶苗根鲜重、根总长、根体积、根尖数、分支数和交叉数均明显提高,不同N水平之间的促根效应差异不明显。综上,施肥方式对土壤养分空间分布、土壤生物学特性及茶苗根系生长影响明显。DA滴头中心点微域土壤的电导率、养分含量和微生物数量较SA和FA增加显著,存在明显的微域集聚效应,而脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性降低。DA施肥方式明显抑制茶苗根系生长,而FA则显著促进茶苗根系生长和形态建成。     

肥水蚓坑措施下不同施肥对土壤养分和山地苹果生产的影响

陕北黄土高原丘陵沟壑区是山地苹果重要产区,为提升山地果园土壤养分和果实品质及产量,以“肥水蚓坑”措施为基础,通过田间试验探讨不施肥、单施化肥、有机无机肥配施(牛粪+化肥、菇渣+化肥、牛粪+菇渣+化肥)等不同施肥对山地果园土壤养分、叶片营养、苹果产量与品质的影响。结果表明：(1)不施肥处理的土壤有机质含量和速效养分含量均低于施肥处理,其中,单施化肥处理低于有机无机肥配施处理,牛粪+菇渣+化肥处理的效果优于其他施肥处理。(2)施肥处理的苹果叶片不同生育期的全氮、磷、钾含量均显著高于不施肥对照,有机无机肥配施处理优于单施化肥处理。(3)不施肥处理与施肥处理的苹果果实硬度和果形指数无显著差异,施肥处理均可显著提高苹果产量和果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖及维生素C含量,牛粪+菇渣+化肥优于其他处理,单施化肥的果实可滴定酸含量显著高于不施肥和有机无机肥配施。单施化肥的果实糖酸比与不施肥无显著差异,却显著低于有机无机肥配施。综上,“肥水蚓坑”结合有机无机肥配施可以减少化肥的施用,提高土壤养分含量,确保苹果提质增产,牛粪+菇渣+化肥(牛粪∶菇渣=1∶1)是山地苹果提质增产的优质管理模式,值得在陕北黄土丘陵...