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应用Vodyanitsky提出的方法,根据元素组成数据,计算了施用猪粪对棕壤胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)热力学参数的影响。结果表明,HA、FA的形成都是自发进行的放热反应;与HA相比,FA的能态较低,分子结构有序度和热稳定性较高;FA在土壤中比HA更容易形成。施用猪粪后,HA、FA的能态降低,分子结构有序度和热稳定性也降低,形成的自发性减弱且放热量减少,这些与它们元素组成的变化有关。 相似文献
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Ali Nikbakht Mohsen Kafi Mesbah Babalar Yi Ping Xia Ancheng Luo Nemat-allah Etemadi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2155-2167
Humic acid (HA) might benefit plant growth by improving nutrient uptake and hormonal effects. The effect of HA on growth, macro—and micronutrient contents, and postharvest life of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) cv. ‘Malibu’ were examined. Different levels of humic acid (0, 100, 500, and 1000 mg/L) were applied to nutrient solution. Root growth increased at 1000 mg/L HA incorporated into the solution. Macro- and micronutrient contents of leaves and scapes including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were significantly enhanced by HA. However, high levels of HA decreased some nutrient contents. Five-hundred mg/L HA increased the number of harvested flowers per plant (52%). Higher HA levels extended the vase life of harvested flowers by 2—3.66 days and could prevent and delay bent neck incidence. These postharvest responses were most probably due to Ca accumulation in scapes and hormone-like activity of HA. 相似文献
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Pablo Zalba Nilda M. Amiotti Juan A. Galantini Silvia Pistola 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(13-14):1675-1679
Changes in land-use systems such as the introduction of trees on agricultural land can give rise to changes in the physicochemical properties of the soils, also affecting the quantity and quality of organic matter incorporated into the system. The present study assesses humic substances (HS) in the soil such as humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) by looking at the relationship between the optic densities determined at 465 and 665 nm (E4/E6 ratio). Topsoil samples (0–20 cm) from pine woodlands 60 years of age were compared with agricultural soils of similar age in the central-south region of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The pH of the topsoil from beneath the pine trees was highly acidic (5.0 vs. 6.2) and a significant increase in the level of organic carbon (OC) was registered. The carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio was also higher (by one order of magnitude) beneath the pine trees, although the humification conditions of the soil organic matter (SOM) were good in the soils of both studied land-use systems. The E4/E6 ratio was higher in the HA and FA 2º (second extraction) beneath the pines, indicating a smaller molecular size of the HS bound to the clay minerals. This fact can be attributed to the higher concentration of hydrogen ions beneath the pines and consequently the loss of polyvalent cations, mainly calcium. The most labile organic molecules (FA 1º – first extraction) were of a larger size in soils beneath the pines, most likely owing to a specific characteristic of the Pinus genus, although the fraction in question constitutes a minority fraction among the HS. Clear differences were established between the E4/E6 ratios in HA and FA, making this a highly useful method for determining molecular changes in HS as a result of changes in land use. 相似文献
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硒与黄腐酸组配对水稻镉吸收的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以Cd污染水稻土为研究对象,采用盆栽试验研究不同用量Se(0.5,1.0 mg/kg)与黄腐酸(0.6,1.2 g/kg)组配对水稻吸收积累镉的影响,并探讨其作用机理,以期为Cd污染稻田的安全利用提供科学依据。结果表明:单施Se可使土壤pH提高0.08~0.23个单位,土壤CaCl_2提取态Cd含量降低8.6%~20.9%,水稻地上部各器官Cd含量显著降低29.4%~39.5%,单施Se能有效降低水稻吸收Cd,并阻控Cd向地上部以及籽实中的转运。单施黄腐酸能显著降低土壤pH,但对土壤CaCl_2—Cd含量、水稻各器官Cd和Se含量(除低量黄腐酸处理叶片和糙米Cd含量外)及水稻各器官Cd的分配无显著影响。Se与黄腐酸组配对土壤pH的影响取决于二者的用量,黄腐酸与高量Se组配处理显著降低CaCl_2提取态Cd 16.5%~21.9%。Se与黄腐酸组配处理能显著减少水稻Cd的吸收及向地上部和籽粒的转运,更为有效地降低稻米Cd含量,高量Se与黄腐酸组配的2个处理与对照相比,稻米Cd含量分别降低38.1%和50.2%。总体来看,施Se能有效降低稻米Cd含量,而Se与黄腐酸配合施用降Cd效果更佳。 相似文献
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不同施肥条件下生物腐植酸对磷的转化效果分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在实验室利用4个土槽分别施入复合化肥(CF)、普通有机肥(OF)、生物有机肥(BF)和不施肥(CK)来改变土壤中磷的基础含量,另取4个土槽在相应处理中配施相同的生物腐植酸,以15°角放入自制的降雨淋溶装置下进行试验,观测径流液中的全磷含量,以分析研究生物腐植酸对土壤和不同施肥条件下磷的转化效果.结果显示,施用复混肥、普通有机肥和生物有机肥降雨3h后,径流液中磷(P)流出量分别为不施肥处理(CK)的2.90、1.32和9.73倍,而相同处理配施生物腐植酸后,复混肥、普通有机肥、生物有机肥处理的径流液中P含量有增有减,分别为CK的7.09、2.32和5.00倍.表明在施用复混肥、普通有机肥的土样中加入生物腐植酸能够有效释放肥料中的磷素,使之转化为更利于植物吸收的可溶性磷,其转化率分别为0.76%和0.37%;而在施用生物有机肥的土样加入生物腐植酸反而抑制磷的转化,其转化率为-0.85%.不仅如此,加施生物腐植酸还能改变磷的转化进程,使CK和OF处理的磷含量峰值由出现在第3小时变为出现在第2小时,使CF处理的磷含量峰值由出现在第2小时变为出现在第1小时,加速了磷释放.由此可得,生物腐植酸能有效释放肥料中的磷素、使之转化为更利于植物吸收的可溶性磷并加速其转化进程.研究结果可作为推广生物腐植酸的依据和有关作物磷吸收研究的基础. 相似文献
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采用紫外光照射的方法研究了腐植酸对丁草胺光降解特性的影响。结果表明,潮土腐植酸对丁草胺的光降解具有明显的抑制。潮土腐植酸浓度较低(〈10mg·L^-1)时,随腐植酸浓度的增加,对丁草胺光降解的抑制作用越强,丁草胺光降解速率越低;当潮土腐植酸的浓度≥10mg·L^-1时,腐植酸浓度的变化对丁草胺光降解的抑制作用影响不大,20mg·L^-1腐植酸与10mg·L^-1腐植酸对丁草胺光降解的影响相近。不同腐植酸对丁草胺光降解的抑制作用不同,商品腐植酸对丁草胺光降解抑制作用较强,潮土腐植酸和黑土腐植酸对丁草胺光降解的抑制作用则相对较弱。这种现象可能是由腐植酸的纯度和腐植酸本身结构特性的差异造成的。 相似文献
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煤矸石是一种潜在的资源,在现有技术条件下无法快速处理的大量煤矸石裸露堆放造成占地及生态环境问题,已成为矿区生态环境治理关注的热点。煤矸石山的植被恢复是其原位保存的最有效办法。腐殖酸作为腐殖质的主要组成成分对改善不利的植物生长环境具有积极作用。为探讨腐殖酸对煤矸石养分释放的影响,采用室内培养试验方法,研究了添加不同浓度腐殖酸及不同培养时间下煤矸石的pH、电导率(EC)变化及氮、磷、钾速效养分的释放特征。结果表明:相对于不添加腐殖酸处理(CK),添加腐殖酸的煤矸石pH明显升高,最高达到7.77,而EC急剧下降,平均为126.13μS/cm,比CK的平均EC下降77.81%;添加腐殖酸的煤矸石速效磷和碱解氮均大幅度增加,速效磷含量平均为CK的2.33倍,碱解氮含量最高达到CK的1.94倍;速效钾含量相对于CK也有一定增加;添加的腐殖酸浓度越大,促进煤矸石养分释放效果越好;在培养期间,各项研究指标值总体表现V和N形,在后期逐渐呈现稳定作用趋势。煤矸石具有一定养分供给潜力,腐殖酸添加到煤矸石中可以提高其植物养分可获得性。 相似文献
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《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4):835-843
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of humic acid in liquid and solid form on uptake of nutrients for strawberry grown under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was designed in randomized block design with four replications for two years. Solid form of humic acid (Agrolig) that contained 85% humic acid was applied in the amounts of 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kg/ha before planting. Liquid form of humic acid (Blackjak) that contained 15% humic acid was applied by drip irrigation system at the concentrations of 0, 2500, 5000, 7500, and 10,000 mL/ha/month. Along with humic acid, 200 kg/ha nitrogen (N), 100 kg/ha phosphorus (P2O5), and 400 kg/ha potassium (K2O) was applied by drip irrigation system after transplanting. According to the results, N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) contents of the leaves were not affected significantly by the applications of solid and liquid humic acid forms. Applied liquid humic acid had a significant effect on the zinc (Zn) content of the leaves causing a decrease in the Zn content. Because of having excessive calcareous soil in the experimental area, uptake of nutrients in strawberry plants was not affected significantly. Applications of humic acid at high concentrations had an inhibitory effect on some of the nutrients. 相似文献
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根据OECD Guideline106批平衡实验,研究了诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上的吸附热力学和动力学,并探讨了其可能吸附机理。结果表明,诺氟沙星在经过约12h的快速吸附阶段后,进入缓慢吸附阶段,其吸附平衡时间为48h。伪二级动力学方程能够较好地描述不同pH条件下诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上的吸附动力学特性。诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程,该方程的拟合系数1/n〈0.5,表明诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上为非线性吸附。ΔH0=-48.85kJ·mol-1和ΔG0〈0,表明诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上的吸附是自发进行的放热过程,且离子交换是其主要吸附机理,同时也可能存在着偶极间作用力、氢键力和电荷转移等吸附机理;ΔS0〈0表明吸附过程中熵在减小。吸附位点的能量随着吸附量的增大而降低,也表明胡敏酸的异质性和吸附的非线性。 相似文献
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采用吸附等温线的试验方法,研究了平衡溶液中磷浓度、反应时间及介质pH对不同处理的2种褐煤腐殖酸吸附磷的影响及其规律性。结果表明:在试验pH范围内,pH的升高减缓了吸附反应进行的速度,对于未经硝酸处理的样品S1,在pH为4.7时,吸附量和分配系数有一最大值,而样品S2,随着pH的升高,吸附量和分配系数一直减小;经硝酸处理后,样品对磷的吸附能力降低,一定条件下其单位吸附量仅为处理前的5.33%。适宜的固液比例可提高2个不同处理供试样品对磷的单位吸附量,其等温吸附规律可用Langmuir方程来加以描述;其吸附动力学用Elovich方程描述最佳。 相似文献
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Marcelo Ribeiro Vilela Prado Oscarlina Lúcia dos Santos Weber Milton Ferreira de Moraes Carlos Leandro Rodrigues dos Santos Morgana Santos Tunes Fabricio Tomaz Ramos 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(21):2405-2413
Hypothetically, humic substances (HSs) can improve the response of plants in sandy soils. The objective was to assess the effect of applying an organomineral fertilizer enriched with HSs on soybean plants grown with and without water stress. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in a greenhouse, in a 2 × 5 factorial setup (two moisture levels and five fertilizer doses: 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mL dm?3), for a total of 10 treatments, with eight repetitions, using as substrate a Psamment. The organomineral fertilizer was applied in the soil 21 days after plant emergence, and the water regimes were established 1 week thereafter. Plant height, shoot and root dry mass, mineral nutrition, and grain yield were evaluated. There was a positive response to the doses, with the most efficient one under water stress being 6.5 mL dm?3 and HSs favored the uptake of micronutrients. 相似文献
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黄腐酸对蒜套棉制度下棉花产量品质及土壤性状的影响 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
为明确黄腐酸在蒜套棉生产中棉花上的应用效果,实现棉花高产优质高效施肥,进行两季大田试验,试验设不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(BF)、常规施肥配施低、中、高量黄腐酸微生物菌剂(FA20、FA30、FA40)、常规施肥配施黄腐酸叶面肥(BFL50)、常规施肥配施低量黄腐酸微生物菌剂及黄腐酸叶面肥(FA20L50)共7个处理,研究不同黄腐酸肥料与常规肥料配施对蒜套棉制度下棉花产量、纤维品质及土壤养分的影响。结果表明:(1)与常规施肥相比,皮棉产量随着黄腐酸微生物菌剂用量的增加而增大,FA30、FA40皮棉产量较BF显著增产12.07%和22.41%,在苗期和盛花期显著提高土壤硝态氮、铵态氮和速效钾含量,FA40还提高了土壤有效磷含量。(2)常规施肥配施黄腐酸叶面肥处理皮棉产量较常规施肥处理平均增产7.19%,在盛花期叶片SPAD提高7.78%,并显著提高了气孔导度和净光合速率,降低胞间CO2浓度。(3)FA20L50较FA20和BFL50皮棉产量提高7.68%~27.51%,同时提高了纤维长度、整齐度指数和断裂比强度,并提高了土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,土壤磷酸酶活性显著高于其他各处理。FA20L50处理的棉花茎和叶中氮、磷和钾总量与FA40差异不显著,但显著高于其他各处理;在铃壳中的养分总量较其他各处理提高8.96%~47.35%,净光合速率显著高于未施用黄腐酸叶面肥的处理。综上所述,常规肥料配施300kg/hm^2黄腐酸微生物菌剂与750mL/hm^2黄腐酸叶面肥处理田间施用效果最佳,能够提高棉花各生育期土壤速效养分供应,有利于养分在生殖器官中的积累,促进棉花叶片的净光合速率,提高棉花产量及品质。 相似文献
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河口湿地沉积物中腐殖酸含量对外源重金属分布的影响研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过向不同腐殖酸含量的河口湿地沉积物添加人工配制的重金属污染海水,测定污染后沉积物的重金属总量与形态分布,以研究不同腐殖酸含量条件下外源重金属在水-沉积物系统中的转化。结果表明,腐殖酸含量对重金属在沉积物中的吸收量和形态组成有较大的影响,尤其对酸可提取态与可还原态。但是不同重金属之间有一定差别,腐殖酸含量对Cu,Pb的作用较明显,而对Zn,Cd的影响较小。此外,由于河口湿地沉积物处于较高盐度的环境,海水中的离子浓度影响有机质与金属的络合反应,因此与土壤相比,河口湿地沉积物中腐殖酸含量对重金属的生物有效性的影响有所不同。 相似文献
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有机物料对不同作物根系土壤腐殖质组成和结构的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
为探讨施用有机物料后不同作物根系土壤腐殖质各组分含量和胡敏酸元素组成的变化情况,以吉林农业大学试验田培肥2a的黑土为研究对象,试验选取3种作物(玉米、大豆、白菜),每种作物设4种施肥处理,包括化肥(CK)、玉米秸秆配施化肥、树叶配施化肥和鸡粪配施化肥。采用腐殖质修改法提取水溶性物质(WSS)、胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)、胡敏素(HM),利用重铬酸钾外加热法测定腐殖质各组分有机碳含量,采用分光光度计法测定HA和FA的光学性质,通过光密度E_4/E_6值和元素组成分析HA的结构变化。结果表明:土壤总有机碳(TOC)和腐殖质各组分有机碳含量均表现为白菜玉米大豆。相比CK,配施有机物料后作物根系土壤TOC、WSS、HA含量分别显著增加5%~8%,34%~55%,8%~20%,FA含量变化不明显。相比树叶和鸡粪,秸秆可显著提高TOC含量;WSS在各物料之间差异不明显;HM含量表现为秸秆树叶鸡粪CK。有机物料对PQ值的影响因作物而异,秸秆和鸡粪对玉米、大豆根系土壤PQ值(HA占腐殖酸的比率)的影响相似,而鸡粪对白菜根系土壤PQ值的影响显著高于玉米秸秆。施用有机物料后HA的E_4/E_6未发生明显改变,FA的E_4/E_6显著提高。有机物料使根系土壤HA缩合度升高,分子结构更加复杂,且有利于HA含氮基团的形成,以秸秆处理作用最好。由此可见,有机物料具有良好的培肥效果,其中鸡粪对白菜根系土壤培肥效果最显著,秸秆与鸡粪对玉米、大豆根系土壤培肥效果相似,均显著高于化肥。 相似文献
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本文依次用pH4.8、pH7.0及pH11.0的通用缓冲液、水和乙醇,梯度淋洗吸附富里酸的XAD-8树脂,根据其不同解离程度及亲水性质将富里酸细分为5个组分(包括3个亲水性组分和2个疏水性组分);利用元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振等分析方法确定各组分的理化特征,并研究各组分对特定多环芳烃(芘)的吸附特性。结果表明,按照淋洗次序,后分离的组分其羧基碳含量低于先分离的组分,烷基碳含量则高于后者;芘在被水和乙醇淋洗出的两种组分上的吸附等温线体现出良好的线性;组分中的烷基组分对吸附有促进作用,相反,羧基和羰基不利于芘的吸附,表明梯度淋洗分组方法对研究芘与富里酸的作用机理是十分有效的。 相似文献
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采用室内土培和网室盆栽的方法,研究了不同用量的腐植酸对土壤有效硒含量和硒形态以及大蒜硒吸收规律的影响。结果表明:土壤有效硒含量随着腐植酸用量的提高而增加,20%OM处理的土壤有效硒含量(43.3~50.6μg·kg~(-1))10%OM(37.6~48.8μg·kg~(-1))5%OM(36.0~44.1μg·kg~(-1))CK(33.0~41.5μg·kg~(-1))。可溶态硒与土壤有机质含量的关联度最大(关联系数为0.821),其次为有机硫化物结合态硒(关联系数为0.693),铁锰氧化物结合态硒关联度最低(关联系数为0.482)。随着腐植酸用量的增加,土壤有机质含量得到相应提高,土壤中有机质的含量与可溶态硒、可交换态及碳酸盐结合态硒和有机硫化物结合态硒呈显著正相关,其相关系数分别为0.963、0.962和0.906,而与其他形态的硒相关性不明显。大蒜各部位干重的硒含量为根(0.167~0.653 mg·kg~(-1))茎(0.114~0.326 mg·kg~(-1))叶(0.056~0.086 mg·kg~(-1)),且4个处理大蒜鳞茎鲜重的硒含量为0.018~0.110 mg·kg~(-1),均达到了富硒食品标准(HB001/T—2013)。 相似文献