Correlation of Mehlich 3, bray 1, and ammonium acetate extractable P,K, Ca,and Mg for Alaska agricultural soils

Abstract

Soil test recommendations currently used in Alaska are based on a limited amount of in‐state data along with consideration of data from other states. Recently, Mehlich 3 extractable P has been found to be highly correlated to yield on representative agricultural soils in Alaska. To fully use its multi‐element capability, a study was conducted to correlate Mehlich 3 extractable P and cations (K, Ca, and Mg) with the P and cations extracted by the Bray 1 and ammonium acetate methods respectively.

When Mehlich 3 extractable K and Mg were regressed with ammonium acetate extractable K and Mg respectively, the relationship was essentially one‐to‐one and the relationship held across all soils tested. Significant variation was observed among soils in the extraction of Mehlich 3‐P and Ca relative to Bray 1‐P and ammonium acetate‐Ca. Individual soil character appeared to affect the regressions for extractable P and Ca, even though the R² values were generally high. The regression slopes for Mehlich 3‐P versus Bray 1‐P ranged from 1.01 to 1.88 with Mehlich 3 extracting an average of 66% more P than Bray 1 in the volcanic ash soils, and 12% more in the loess soils. The regression slopes for Mehlich 3‐Ca versus ammonium acetate‐Ca ranged from 0.95 to 1.33, and the former extracted an average of 17% more Ca than the latter. It is suggested that the regression data of P and Ca can be extrapolated to other soils based on soil classification; to extend the soil test data over a geographic base.     

Evaluation of Mehlich 3 for Extraction of Copper and Zinc from Irish Grassland Soils and for Prediction of Herbage Content

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine how the extractant Mehlich 3 (M3) compared with other methods currently used in Ireland for determination of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in soils. Samples from eight different mineral soil types, four of sandstone/shale and four of limestone origin, were analyzed for copper and zinc using M3 and conventional extractants. Herbage samples were taken from the soils and analyzed for Cu and Zn. Mehlich 3 results showed good correlation with ethylenediamine‐tetraacetic acid (EDTA)– and diethylenetriamine‐pentaacetic acid (DTPA)–extractable Cu and Zn. Inclusion of soil properties in multiple regression models improved the coefficients of determination. All extractants were equal in their ability to predict Cu and Zn herbage content. Differences between sandstone/shale and limestone soils in relation to herbage content were also found, with the better relationship found in sandstone/shale soils.     

Changes in Fractions of Iron,Manganese, Copper,and Zinc in Soil under Continuous Cropping for More Than Three Decades

The effect of continuous cropping with maize and wheat on soil characteristics and various forms of micronutrient cations in an Incetisol over the years was studied in an ongoing long‐term experiment in New Delhi, India. The soil samples collected in the years of 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, and 2004 were analyzed for different fractions of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) by following a sequential extraction procedure. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) content of the soil varied from 8.28 to 8.53, 0.40 to 0.43 dSm^?1, and 0.92 to 1.05%, respectively. Organic carbon content ranged from 0.38 in the control to 0.67% in 100% NPK + farmyard manure (FYM). Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)–extractable Fe and Mn (but not Zn and Cu) in soil declined from their respective initial (1971) values as a result of intensive cropping for more than three decades. It also resulted in a decrease in the concentrations of all the four metallic cations bound to organic matter, in addition to Fe and Zn, associated with carbonates in all the treatments in surface soil.     

Distribution of Zinc,Manganese, Copper,Cobalt, and Nickel in Andosols Profiles

The distribution of zinc, manganese, copper, cobalt, and nickel in Andosols was investigated. Sixty nine soil samples were collected from different horizons of an Andosols profile in Miyakonojo Basin in south Kyushu, Japan, The total contents of heavy metals were determined by digestion and four extraction solutions, 1 M NH₄Ac (ammonium acetate) pH 4.5, 0.1 M HCl, 0.01 M EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) pH 6.5, and 0.005 M DTPA (diethylenetri-aminepentaacetic acid) pH 7.3 were used to determine the contents of available Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, and Ni in Andosols in relation to the organic carbon content. The results of the extraction analysis showed that by the use of 0.1 M H Cl high value of extracted heavy metals in the upper layers of the humus horizons were obtained while EDTA extraction yielded a large amount of the above mentioned metals in the high humus horizons. The extractable heavy metals contents were high and these metals closely related to the organic carbon content mostly in the humus horizons in the profile. Where, biocycling process may play an important role in the concentration of heavy metals. Based on the study, it was found that the total content of Zn increased towards the C horizons or pumice layers in the soil profile. Such a trend was also found in the case of the Mn content. While the Cu content in the humus horizons was much higher in the upper part of each humus horizon. According to this study the distribution of heavy metals, Cu (organic matter complexes) in the Andosols profile was more stable than that of Zn (organic matter complexes) in soils. It was shown that Zn in the surface humus horizon was enriched but that some amount was leached under buried conditions. The same phenomenon was also observed in the distribution of Mn in the profile. The movement of Co and Ni in the soil profile was limited, as evidenced by the sharp reduction in the concentrations of these two metals in buried soils.

Hence, it is concluded that the distribution of Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, and Ni was considerably higher in the humus horizons of the Andosols profiles.     

Evaluation of the Mehlich 3 Reagent as an Extractant for Cations and Available Phosphorus for Soils in Mozambique

Accurate soil testing procedures contribute to agricultural development of Mozambique. The Mehlich 3 (M-3) procedure has not been evaluated for Mozambican soils despite its wide applicability. Results showed M-3 solution could extract exchangeable calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) as well as 1 M ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc), while M-3 was not appropriate for extraction of exchangeable sodium (Na). M-3 was an alternative procedure to Bray-I for available phosphorus (P) extraction. Although M-3 extracted 1.6 times more P than Bray-I, determination coefficient between the two procedures showed significantly high value. P content in M-3 extracts can determine using inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometers (ICP) to maximize the merits of M-3. In conclusion, M-3 is applicable for determination of exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and available P, in a single determination using ICP, and should contribute to development of effective and accurate soil diagnosis in Mozambique.     

云南省主要地质背景区铜、锰、锌、镁、钾在岩石-土壤-饲料系统的分布与迁移规律研究

对云南省6个主要地质背景区的土壤、岩石和饲料样品的铜、锰、锌、镁和钾元素进行测定分析。结果表明:玄武岩和碳酸盐岩红壤区土壤和饲料钾、镁、锌、锰和铜元素含量较丰富;碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩和玄武岩混合型黄红壤区居中;而由碎屑岩和变质岩发育的土壤区土壤和饲料钾、镁、锌、锰和铜元素最低。饲料中钾、镁、锌、锰和铜的含量受地质背景值,特别是土壤中元素的丰度的影响不大。     

Interaction of Iron with Copper,Zinc, and Manganese in Wheat as Affected by Iron and Manganese in a Calcareous Soil

Iron (Fe) availability is low in calcareous soils of southern Iran. The chelate Fe-ethylenediamine di (o-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid) (Fe-EDDHA), has been used as an effective source of Fe in correcting Fe deficiency in such soils. In some cases, however, its application might cause nutritional disorder due to the antagonistic effect of Fe with other cationic micronutrients, in particular with manganese (Mn). A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of soil and foliar applications of Fe and soil application of manganese (Mn) on dry matter yield (DMY) and the uptake of cationic micronutrients in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Ghods) in a calcareous soil. Results showed that neither soil application of Fe-EDDHA nor foliar application of Fe sulfate had a significant effect on wheat DMY. In general, Fe application increased Fe uptake but decreased that of Mn, zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu). Application of Mn increased only Mn uptake and had no significant effect on the uptake of the other cationic micronutrients. Iron treatments considerably increased the ratio of Fe to Mn, Zn, Cu, and (Mn + Zn + Cu). Failure to observe an increase in wheat DMY following Fe application is attributed to the antagonistic effect of Fe with Mn, Zn, and Cu and hence, imbalance in Fe to (Mn + Zn + Cu) ratio. Due to the nutritional disorder and imbalance, it appears that neither soil application of Fe-EDDHA nor foliar application of Fe-sulfate is appropriate in correcting Fe deficiency in wheat grown on calcareous soils. Hence, growing Fe-efficient wheat cultivars should be considered as an appropriate practice for Fe chlorosis-prone calcareous soils of southern Iran.     

Comparison of Copper,Manganese, and Zinc Extraction with Mehlich 1, Mehlich 3, and DTPA Solutions for Soils of the Brazilian Coastal Tablelands

Deficiency of micronutrients is increasing in crop plants in recent years in Oxisols and Ultisols in the tropics. The predominant soils in the coastal tablelands of Brazil are Ultisols and Oxisols, with low cation exchange capacity and kaolinitic clay mineralogy. Soil copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) extracted by the Mehlich 1 solution, currently used in the regional soil-testing laboratories, were compared with those extracted by the Mehlich 3 and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) solutions in a greenhouse experiment with 10 soil samples (0–20 cm deep) collected from representative Ultisols and Oxisols from various locations in the region. Corn was grown as a test crop, and its dry matter and micronutrient uptake was measured at 30 days of growth. Soil Cu, Mn, and Zn extracted with the three solutions were significantly correlated (0.65–0.95 range for r values), with the Mehlich 3 solution extracting greater quantities than the Mehlich 1 and DTPA solutions. Zinc and Cu taken up by corn plants were significantly related to their soil-extractable levels measured at harvest with all three of the solutions, except for Zn DTPA. However, similar relations between plant uptake and soil extractable Mn were poor, except for DTPA extracting solution.     

Zinc and Amino-Acids on the Yield and Nutritional State of Alfalfa Grown in the Tropical Soil

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is common among crops grown in the tropics in acid and weathered soils. In response, the use of amino-acids (AAs) to increase the uptake of this nutrient has been increasing dramatically in recent years. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of results reported on the effect of applying AAs and adequate quantities of Zn on alfalfa grown under tropical edaphoclimatic conditions. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was conducted with a completely randomized block in a factorial scheme (4×2) of four Zn rates of 0, 4, 8, and 16 mg kg^?1) with and without spraying of AAs during the sprouting phase, to study the effects on the shoot dry weight (SDW) yield, nutritional state, physiological parameters, and soil fertility. The harvests were repeated over time (three cuts). The SDW yield was significantly influenced up to a rate of 4.0 mg kg^?1 of Zn, after which it stabilized. Independent of the Zn rate, the application of AAs did not influence the SDW yield. Based on the averages for the three cuts, only the Zn rates altered the photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, with no effect of the AAs. The concentrations of Zn in the soil extracted by the Mehlich 1 and diethylenetraminepenta acetic acid (DTPA)- triethanolamine (TEA) methods were strongly and significantly correlated (r = 0.99, P ≤ 0.05) with the Zn rates and the Zn concentrations in the plant tissue. The agronomic, physiological, and zinc use efficiencies diminished with increased Zn rates, while the inverse occurred with the Zn efficiency index.     

施污土壤与污泥中Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn的形态分布

污泥中的重金属元素是限制其大规模农田利用的重要因素。施污土壤和污泥中重金属的形态研究可以用来评价土壤中重金属的生物有效性以及它们在土壤中的移动性。用修正BCR三步连续提取法进行分步提取研究了污水污泥和施污后的西红柿地土壤中Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn的形态分布状况。施用污泥堆肥10t hm-2后的土壤中Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn的全量与各种形态含量无明显增加,Cu、Pb、Zn含量远低于国家土壤环境质量标准。土壤中Cu的各种形态分布关系是:残渣态>可还原态=可氧化态>可交换态和弱酸溶解态,Cu在土壤中的存在是以最稳定的残渣态为主。堆肥污泥与干化污泥相比,残渣态Cu的比例明显增加。土壤中Pb的各种形态分布关系是以残渣态和可还原态为主,但可氧化态的分布比例最小。土壤中Cd的可交换态、可还原态和残渣态各占据相等的含量,但可氧化态Cd的含量几乎为零。Zn在土壤中的各种形态分布关系是:可交换态和弱酸溶解态>可氧化态>可还原态>残渣态,Zn在土壤中的存在是以最易迁移的可交换态和弱酸溶解态为主。这些金属元素在土壤中的相对稳定性顺序为:Cu>Pb>Cd>Zn。Zn在土壤中的移动性要远高于Cu。     

间歇性降雨对土壤团聚体粒级及磷、铜、锌富集的影响

探讨间歇降雨条件下土壤干湿交替对团聚体粒级动态变化的影响,对加深径流泥沙运移和分选机制的理解、揭示土壤微量元素随地表径流迁移的规律具有重要意义。通过37d内的5场间歇性人工降雨实验,观测了降雨激发的团聚体破碎过程和降雨间歇段干缩过程导致的团聚体粒径分布的动态变化,并通过分析不同团聚体粒级总磷、铜、锌含量的动态变化,评估了间歇降雨对土壤污染物富集特征的影响。结果表明,间歇性降雨导致的土壤干湿交替引发了剧烈的团聚体粒级周转,团聚体稳定性随实验推移呈总体退化状态,具体体现在>250μm微团聚体的比例随实验推移显著下降,而<250μm微粒的比例显著上升(P<0.05)。团聚体粒径分布的变化引起了不同粒径磷、铜、锌含量的同步变化,三种元素从>250μm向<63μm粒级逐渐转移,造成<63μm粒级内各元素浓度在实验末期达到最高,这意味着间歇性降雨引起的团聚体结构退化和<250μm微粒的增加及微量元素富集会加大水土流失及伴随污染物排放的风险。本研究揭示了间歇性降雨引起的土壤团聚体结构变化及对泥沙分选和元素迁移过程的影响,为土壤侵蚀引起的横向物质运移机制提供了...     

Effects of Broiler Litter Management Practices on Phosphorus,Copper, Zinc,Manganese, and Arsenic Concentrations in Maryland Coastal Plain Soils

Abstract

The objective of this research was to assess the long‐term effects of broiler litter applications on soil phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and arsenic (As) concentrations in Chesapeake Bay watershed Coastal Plain soils. Litter and soil samples were collected from 10 farms with more than 40 years of broiler production and from wooded sites adjacent to fields and were analyzed for P and metal contents. Averaged over farms, total P and metal concentrations in the litter were 12.8 g kg^?1 P and 332, 350, 334, and 2.93 mg kg^?1 Cu, Zn, Mn, and As, respectively. Surface (0–15 cm) soil pH values were greater than (5.7–6.4) the 0‐ to 15‐cm depth at wooded sites (3.5–4.3). Surface soil Bray 1 P values (149–796 mg kg^?1) in amended fields were greater than wooded sites (4.4–17 mg kg^?1). The 1N nitric acid (HNO₃)–extractable metal concentrations were higher in amended soils than in wooded areas and were 7.7–32, 5.7–26, 12.3–71, and 0.6–3.0 mg kg^?1 for Cu, Zn, Mn, and As, respectively, compared to 0.76–14, 4.6–22, 1.6–70, and 0.14–0.59 mg kg^?1 for the same metals, respectively, in wooded areas. Results from this study demonstrated that long‐term broiler litter applications have altered the chemical properties of the Coastal Plain soils of the Maryland Eastern Shore. Metal concentrations were low in the surface layer of amended fields and typically decreased with depth. Phosphorus additions rather than metals are most likely to contribute to the degradation of the Chesapeake Bay watershed.     

Development of a New Soil Extractant for Simultaneous Phosphorus,Ammonium, and Nitrate Analysis

Abstract

A new soil extractant (H³A) with the ability to extract NH₄, NO₃, and P from soil was developed and tested against 32 soils, which varied greatly in clay content, organic carbon (C), and soil pH. The extractant (H³A) eliminates the need for separate phosphorus (P) extractants for acid and calcareous soils and maintains the extract pH, on average, within one unit of the soil pH. The extractant is composed of organic root exudates, lithium citrate, and two synthetic chelators (DTPA, EDTA). The new soil extractant was tested against Mehlich 3, Olsen, and water for extractable P, and 1 M KCl and water‐extractable NH₄ and NO₂/NO₃. The pH of the extractant after adding soil, shaking, and filtration was measured for each soil sample (5 extractants×2 reps×32 soils=320 samples) and was shown to be highly influential on extractable P but has no effect on extractable NH₄ or NO₂/NO₃. H³A was highly correlated with soil‐extractable inorganic N (NH₄, NO₂/NO₃) from both water (r=0.98) and 1 M KCl (r=0.97), as well as being significantly correlated with water (r=0.71), Mehlich 3 (r=0.83), and Olsen (r=0.84) for extractable P.     

Determination of Soil-Available Micronutrients using the DTPA and Mehlich 3 Methods for Greek Soils Having Variable Amounts of Calcium Carbonate

The Mehlich 3 method for the extraction of available micronutrients, such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), is more advantageous compared to the diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) method, because it can also be used for the extraction of macronutrients. The aim of this study was to compare the Mehlich 3 and DTPA methods for 172 soils in Greece having different levels of pH and calcium carbonate. Single and multiple regression analyses were employed to evaluate the relationship between Mehlich 3 and DTPA tests. Mehlich 3 results correlated well with DTPA-extractable Cu and Zn, but the correlation was poor for DTPA-extractable Mn. Also, a high correlation was found between Mehlich 3 and DTPA-extractable Fe for calcareous soils (R² = 0.89), while a moderate relationship was found for noncalcareous soils (R² = 0.65), which was improved to 0.78 when the pH was taken into account in multiple regression analysis.     

Evaluation of Cadmium,Copper, Lead,and Zinc Levels in Soil Samples near Locust Pods

The genus Prosopis is a tree or shrub in the leguminosae family, subfamily fabaceae (mimosaceae). Many plants of the genus Prosopis are known to have medicinal properties. Only one species of Prosopis is found in Jordan, Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) J.F. Macbr. The local name is Yanbout, and the English name is locust pods.

The aim of this study was to investigate some selected heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in Prosopis farcta, an unexplored Jordanian species of the Prosopis genus, because no data are available about these levels in this medicinal plant. These metals were tested in different parts of Prosopis farcta including root, aerial, and fruit as ethanolic extract plant and dry plant. Moreover, these metals were investigated in soil samples collected from the same area in which Prosopis farcta was grown. Results revealed that there was a significant difference between root and fruit for all test elements (P < 0.05). Roots were found to contain high average concentrations of Pb (2.14 µg g^?1), Cu (18.56 µg g^?1), and Zn (13.74 µg g^?1). Copper and Zn concentrations in Prosopis farcta were within the permissible limits, whereas Pb concentration exceeded the permissible limit. Moreover, soil samples were analyzed for the metals. Results revealed that there was a positive correlation between the levels of Cu and Zn in medicinal plants and soils, whereas there was a negative correlation for Pb.

Two certified reference materials (tea leaves, NCSDC 73351; soil, GBW 07406) were analyzed to authenticate the accuracy of the method, and the precision was expressed by relative standard deviation.     

Determination of Soil Available Phosphorus using the Olsen and Mehlich 3 Methods for Greek Soils Having Variable Amounts of Calcium Carbonate

The Mehlich 3 method for the determination of available phosphorus (P) is less laborious compared to the Olsen method and provides the advantage of multielement analysis. However, in Greece the Olsen P method is currently used because of its suitability for calcareous soils. The aims of this study were to compare (a) the Mehlich 3 and Olsen methods for 200 soils having different levels of pH and calcium carbonate and (b) Mehlich 3 colorimetric and Mehlich 3 inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis for 17 acidic and 23 alkaline soils. The correlation of Mehlich 3 P and Olsen P methods, excluding soils with pH less than 5 and soils with calcium carbonate levels from 10.3 to 48.3%, resulted in a linear slope of 0.24 and r² of 0.82, and thus for this range of soils the Mehlich 3 test provided a more reliable measurement of P compared to the Olsen method. This study confirms also previous results that show that Mehlich 3 ICP test measures more P compared to Mehlich 3 colorimetry.     

Evaluation of substitutes for paraquat in soil microbial ATP determinations using the trichloroacetic acid based reagent of

The trichloroacetic acid (TCA) based reagent proposed by Jenkinson and Oades (1979) fits all the criteria required to measure soil microbial biomass ATP (biomass ATP). Amongst other components it contains paraquat (0.1 M 1,1′ dimethyl-4,4′ bipyridylium dichloride), usually extracted from the herbicide Gramoxone. Paraquat is added as an analogue of ATP. It is tightly fixed to soil and so decreases ATP fixation. However, Gramoxone is now banned as an agricultural chemical in both Europe and North America. Our aim was to find an effective replacement for paraquat to measure biomass ATP. The best replacement was 0.6 M imidazole in 1.10 M TCA containing 0.25 M P (termed the TIP reagent). Biomass ATP concentrations were not significantly different in five soils extracted by either reagent 10.37 and 11.17 μmol ATP g⁻¹ biomass C, respectively; standard error of differences of means = 0.36; p = 0.091.     

黄土旱塬长期秸秆还田对土壤养分、酶活性及玉米产量的影响

研究黄土旱塬区玉米生产中长期秸秆还田对土壤性质及玉米产量的影响,可为农田土壤可持续利用及质量提升提供科学依据。本研究基于连续24年(1992—2016年)秸秆还田长期定位试验,设置秸秆过腹还田、秸秆直接还田、秸秆覆盖还田以及不还田处理,研究长期不同秸秆还田方式对土壤化学性质、酶活性以及玉米产量的影响。研究表明,秸秆不还田处理累积玉米产量为1.695×105 kg·hm?2,覆盖还田、直接还田和过腹还田处理累积玉米产量分别为1.885×105 kg·hm?2、1.854×105 kg·hm?2、2.001×105 kg·hm?2,其增产率分别为10.1%、8.6%、15.3%。3种秸秆还田均可以显著提高0～20 cm土层土壤有机碳含量6%～14%,对20～40 cm土层土壤有机碳含量无显著影响。与秸秆不还田相比,长期过腹还田可显著增加土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、有效氮、有效磷和有效钾含量,秸秆直接还田可显著增加土壤全氮、全钾、有效氮和有效钾含量,长期覆盖还田仅提高土壤有效氮和有效钾含量。土壤蔗糖酶活性表现为过腹还田最高,直接还田和覆盖还田次之,不还田处理最低。秸秆直接还田0～20 cm纤维素酶活性最高,是不还田处理的2.2倍。过腹还田使土壤脲酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性分别显著提高13.0%和20.5%,直接还田和秸秆覆盖对脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性无显著影响。玉米生产中长期连续秸秆过腹还田和直接还田对土壤养分含量及酶活性产生了深远的影响,尤其是土壤蔗糖酶活性的提高与玉米产量稳定和提升有非常紧密联系。     

西藏拉萨至曲水拉萨河沿岸农用地土壤硒锗空间分布与评价

调查研究了西藏拉萨至曲水拉萨河沿岸农用地土壤中硒锗的含量与分布状况,发现研究区内绝大部分农田土壤缺硒(<0.16 mg/kg),而大部分农田土壤富锗(≥1.3 mg/kg);土壤全硒、有效硒含量与pH不存在显著的相关关系,土壤全锗、有效锗含量均与pH表现为极显著的负相关关系,均与有机质含量表现为极显著的正相关关系。研究区整体土壤富锗情况较好,具有富锗土壤开发潜力,可以考虑富锗农牧产品的开发与推广。     

田块尺度污染农田土壤铅、镉和砷含量的空间变异及其对土地利用的启示

为了探明铅冶炼污染区田块尺度下农田土壤重金属含量的空间变异及其对污染农田土壤安全利用的意义,在某冶炼厂附近一面积为4800 m2的农田用网格法采集120个0~20 cm土样,测定样品镉、铅和砷含量。研究表明,研究区土壤中存在砷、镉和铅的积累。从平均污染指数来看,以镉的积累程度最大,铅次之、砷最小。土壤全镉含量的变化范围为1.10~3.84 mg kg^-1,镉含量处于1.10~2.27 mg kg^-1之间的样品占97.50%。从重金属空间分布上看,镉和铅含量的空间分布有较高的一致性,均是研究区北部和南部含量较高,中间区域含量较低。相关分析表明,土壤镉和铅含量之间存在显著正相关(P <0.01)。根据土壤铅含量计算稳定铅时所用普通过磷酸钙的用量范围为0.312~0.419 kg m^-2,平均值为0.367 kg m^-2。根据其他研究者得到的土壤全镉含量与小麦籽粒镉含量的相关方程计算,不同方程得到的小麦籽粒镉含量结果有很大差异,较可信的小麦籽粒镉含量变化范围为0.095~0.814 mg kg^-1。采样区中部为小麦籽粒镉含量较低且铅稳定剂需要量较低区域。以上结果表明,研究区田块尺度下土壤镉含量存在较大的空间变异,且土壤镉含量的空间变异导致小麦籽粒镉含量可能存在较大的空间变异。