Existence of salt glands on leaves of kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca L. Kunth.)

Light microscopic studies have established the existence of salt glands on “Kallar grass”; leaf blades. The salt glands resembled the two‐cell type structure described for some halophytic genera within the Gramineae. The secreted salts crystallized and formed whiskers when the plants were grown under continuously high saline conditions. The salt secretion appears to be selective. The secretion of Na exceeded that of K and considerable quantities of Cl were also extruded, preferentially in concomitance with Na. The significance of growth hormones and Ca in regulating the salt secretion process is discussed.     

Dynamic chloroplast pigments concentration in leaves of soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merr.) under reduced tillage

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the chloroplast pigments dynamics of soybean leaves during the growth stages under different tillage systems, which can be a major factor limiting yield of soybean. The greatest differences between the photosynthetic productivity parameters of the investigated soybean were determined from reproductive stages (R2 and R3?–?4). The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a/b and carotenoids content under CT, DH and NT were greater in the reproductive stages (R2 and R3?–?4) than in the early stages (V3?–?4 and R1). The concentration dynamics of chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a/b was very similar in all growth stages and under all tillage systems in the 2-yr average. The increased drought stress in 2003 was likely critical in the observed lower seed yields in 2003. The yield of soybean was significantly lower under NT than CT and DH treatments in both years. The relationship between the soybean yield and chloroplast pigments concentration is strongly influenced by external factors. In the 2-yr average the soybean yield was considerably affected by the years and tillage systems. Statistical analysis showed a very significant relationship between chlorophyll pigments content, but photosynthetic parameters investigated did not correlate with soybean yield.     

珠江三角洲几种主要蔬菜的镁硼钼适用量研究

为获得珠江三角洲地区蔬菜中微量元素的合理用量,通过在2地进行3种蔬菜施镁、硼、钼的田间试验,研究三种元素不同配比对三种蔬菜的影响。结果显示:(1)不同品种的蔬菜对中微量元素的需求量不同;相同品种蔬菜在不同地点土壤上的施镁、硼、钼肥效应不同;相同蔬菜镁、硼、钼配施比单独使用的施用量可大幅度减少,尤其是硼和钼可减少50%。(2)在施氮磷钾基础上单独施用镁、硼、钼,菜心的Mg适施量约为13.350～15.750 kghm-2;B的适施量约为0.990～1.065 kghm-2;Mo的适施量为0.375～0.420 kg hm-2。蒜青的Mg适施量约为1.500 kg hm-2;B的适施量约为0.450 kg hm-2;Mo的适施量为0.240 kg hm-2。苦瓜的施硼适用量范围在1.050 kg hm-2左右。(3)在施氮磷钾基础上镁、硼、钼配合施用,菜心的Mg适施量约为12.000 kghm-2、B适施量约为0.450 kghm-2、Mo适施量约为0.240 kghm-2;苦瓜的Mg适施量约为12.000～18.000 kghm-2、B适施量约为0.450～1.800 kg hm-2、Mo适施量为0.120～0.240 kg hm-2;蒜青的B和Mo适用量分别为0.900 kg hm-2和0.210 kg hm-2、镁的施用量则应<1.350 kg hm-2。(4)镁和硼的施用量不仅受试验地土壤交换性镁和有效硼含量水平的影响,还与土壤pH值和蔬菜目标产量有关。     

小麦生长素响应因子TaARF6转基因烟草植株分子鉴定

【目的】生长素响应因子(ARF)在介导生长素信号传递和调控下游生长素响应基因的表达中发挥着重要功能。本文旨在以在富集丰磷特异表达基因的小麦根系cDNA差减文库中鉴定的1个ARF类别的家族成员TaARF6为基础,对该基因cDNA序列、分子特征、不同供磷水平下该基因在根、叶中表达模式及遗传转化TaARF6对丰磷和缺磷条件下植株形态的影响进行较全面研究,阐明该小麦生长素响应因子基因介导不同供磷水平下对植株生长特性的影响。【方法】采用生物信息学工具预测TaARF6编码蛋白特征; 采用溶液培养法培养丰、缺磷处理小麦幼苗,采用半定量RT-PCR技术鉴定TaARF6在丰、缺磷处理下的表达特征。采用DNA重组技术构建将TaARF6编码阅读框融合至表达载体中的表达质粒,利用农杆菌介导的遗传转化法建立超表达TaARF6转基因烟草植株。采用琼脂培养和溶液培养法,培养丰、缺磷不同供磷水平下野生型植株和转基因烟草植株,进而利用常规分析方法鉴定不同磷水平下植株长势、根系和茎叶生物量和植株根叶形态及性状。【结果】1)TaARF6编码生长素响应因子(ARF)型转录因子,编码蛋白中含有ARF家族成员具有的保守结构域。该基因在氨基酸水平上与源于短柄草BdARF6和源于水稻的OsARF6具有高度同源特征。表达分析表明,TaARF6在根、叶中均呈典型低磷下表达下调、复磷后表达再度回升模式,表明该基因表达受到外界供磷水平的调节。2)遗传转化结果表明,在正常生长和低磷逆境下,与野生型植株相比,转基因烟草株系幼苗和植株形态明显增大。3)丰、缺磷不同供磷水平下,与未转化的野生型(WT)对照植株相比,转基因系(Line 3 和Line 5)植株幼苗和植株根系、茎叶和单株鲜、干重均较野生型显著增加。此外,与WT相比,转基因系植株根系数量增多、主侧根长度、根体积、叶面积和根冠比增加。【结论】TaARF6编码典型的生长素响应因子,其编码蛋白具有生长素响应因子特有结构域。TaARF6对环境中的低磷胁迫逆境能产生明显应答。上调表达TaARF6基因,具有增加植株根、叶鲜、干重和改善根叶及植株形态的生物学功能。本研究表明,通过对植株体内生长素响应基因的转录调控,TaARF6在介导植株不同供磷水平下的根叶形态建成和干物质累积过程中发挥着重要作用。     

干旱逆境下不同品种水稻叶片有机渗透调节物质变化研究

通过聚乙二醇 (PEG)模拟水稻短期干旱胁迫研究表明 ,干旱胁迫条件下 4个水、陆稻品种叶片中可溶性有机渗透调节物质如游离氨基酸总量 (TFA)、脯氨酸 (Pro)和可溶性糖 (SS)含量及Pro/TFA比值变化上具有种间一致性 ,均呈显著上升趋势 ,且巴西陆稻的变化较为明显 ;可溶性渗透调节物质适宜作为水稻抗旱能力筛选的参考指标。     

Nutrients management strategies to improve yield and quality of sugar beet in semi-arid regions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and quality of sugar beet genotypes (Beta vulgaris L.). Therefore, a field trial was carried out in Peshawar, Pakistan, during the winters in 2012–2013. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split plots, having three replications. Fertilizer treatments (control, composted manure Higo Organic Plus at 5 t ha^?1, Maxicrop Sea Gold seaweed extract at 5 L ha^?1, farm yard manure at 10 t ha^?1, inorganic nitrogen–phosphorus (NP) at 90:60 kg ha^?1, NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1 and NP at 150:120 kg ha^?1) were allotted to main plots, while genotypes (Sandrina, Serenada and Kawe Terma) were allotted to the sub-plots. Plots treated with the application of NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1 produced the highest beet yield (76.4 t ha^?1) and sugar yield (11.1 t ha^?1), and had the second highest polarizable sugar content (14.52%) and more economic return (Rs. 553,000 per hectare) as compared to control plots. Sugar beet genotype Serenada had significantly higher beet yield (55.5 t ha^?1) and sugar yield (7.9 t ha^?1) and a higher economic return (Rs. 380,000 per hectare) than the other genotypes. Sugar beet genotype Serenada supplied with NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1is recommended for the general cultivation in the agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar valley.     

保水剂特性测定及其在农业中的应用

高分子化学材料的保水剂,具有高倍吸水和保水能力,种类较多。该研究测定了钠类保水剂主要化学特性改土保土效应。通过田间试验,分析其对作物产量和肥料利用率的影响。研究表明,保水剂溶液钠离子和电导度随其浓度增加而增加,但增幅较小,对pH值影响不大。钙、镁等二价离子对聚丙稀酸钠保水剂的吸水力拮抗作用明显,与尿素混用无不良效果。土壤加入保水剂后,其保水能力增加,改善结构,沙壤土较重壤土更显著。当土壤中保水剂含量在0.005%～0.01%范围时,土壤团聚体增加量明显。在-0.5MPa土壤水势压内,含保水剂0.5%的土壤中90%水分可为植物根系利用。研究认为,保水剂保水作用主要表现4方面:自身保水、改良土壤结构增加土壤保水、促进植物生长提高肥料利用率、缓慢释水减少蒸发。田间试验发现,穴施15kg/hm²的保水剂的玉米和马铃薯分别增产22%和16%,投产比为1∶3.5和1∶4.2。保水剂与尿素或尿素磷肥混合使用于玉米,可分别提高尿素和磷肥利用效率18.72%和27.06%。     

The yields,agronomic, and nitrogen use efficiency traits of wheat cultivars in north China under N-sufficient and -deficient conditions

In this study, the yields, yield components, agronomic, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) traits of the eighty-four winter wheat cultivars were investigated under nitrogen (N)-sufficient and -deficient conditions. Dramatic variations were observed in the yield and agronomic traits among the cultivars. Based on absolute yields under the N treatments, the cultivars were categorized into N efficiency groups of high, close high, medium, and low, in which the high efficiency group cultivars generally exhibited improved agronomic traits under these contrasting N-supply conditions. Additionally, the wheat cultivars were classified into various N response groups, including toleration, relative toleration, sensitive, and most sensitive based on the ratios of yield under N deficiency to that under N sufficiency. Regression correlation analyses revealed that straw biomass, total biomass, grain N amount, and straw N amount were significantly correlated with yield, suggesting that these traits can be acted as indices in evaluating yield potentials in wheat.     

基因型与环境互作对食用稻米重金属积累特性遗传相关性的影响研究

采用种子数量性状遗传模型分析食用稻米重金属积累特性遗传相关性的基因型与环境互作结果表明,Hg、As、Cr、Cd和Pb 5个重金属积累特性间的基因型协方差均为正向。各遗传体系中成对重金属积累特性间均呈不同程度的正向或负向遗传协方差和环境互作协方差。     

水稻籽粒碳氮代谢与品质性状间遗传相关性的研究

研究分析水稻籽粒C、N代谢与稻米主要品质性状间遗传相关性结果表明,水稻籽粒C、N代谢与稻米主要品质性状间有一定遗传相关性,提高可溶性糖含量,则糖氮比显著提高,糙米长、千粒重和直链淀粉含量显著降低;提高全N含量可能显著提高糙米厚和直链淀粉含量,而糖氮比、糙米长和千粒重随之显著降低;随糖氮比的提高,糙米厚、千粒重和直链淀粉含量将显著降低。种子、细胞质和母体植株3套遗传体系同时对成对性状的遗传相关性起作用,且各遗传体系在不同成对性状间的作用效果各异,可溶性糖含量与糙米宽、可溶性糖含量与糙米厚、全N含量与糙米长、全N含量与糙米厚等成对性状间遗传相关性主要受种子直接效应的控制;而可溶性糖含量与糙米长宽比、可溶性糖含量与千粒重、可溶性糖含量与直链淀粉含量、全N含量与糙米宽、全N含量与糙米长宽比、糖氮比与糙米宽、糖氮比与糙米厚等成对性状则以母体植株效应为主。     

不同积累型苋菜(Amaranthus mangostanus L.)镉吸收转运特征差异性研究

【目的】比较高积累型苋菜品种Tianxingmi与低积累型苋菜品种Zibeixian在Cd胁迫下Cd吸收转运特征差异性,揭示苋菜品种Tianxingmi高积累镉的机理。【方法】采用水培试验,添加代谢抑制剂来研究两品种苋菜根系吸收Cd的主要途径。分别在30 μmol/L CdCl₂处理4 h、8 h、16 h、1 d和2 d采样测定,采用非损伤微测技术（Non-invasive micro-test technique,NMT）,进行植物活体动态测试,调查、测量两品种苋菜根系Cd2+离子流特征,比较了两品种对代谢抑制剂的反应。【结果】在30 μmol/L CdCl₂处理1 d后,Tianxingmi生物量达到最大值5.90 g/plant,是Zibeixian生物量的二倍;Tianxingmi根、茎和叶中Cd浓度分别为609、254和62.3 mg/kg,分别是Zibeixian的1.4倍、1.9倍和1.6倍,地上部和全株的Cd累积量分别高达602.0、1308 μg/plant;Tianxingmi富集系数（BCF）与转运系数（TF）分别为Zibeixian的2.1倍和1.5倍,这些结果两品种均表现出显著性差异（P < 0.05）。NMT技术测定两品种根系Cd2+离子流,通过扫描位点测定发现,距根尖0~300 μm范围内两品种苋菜根系Cd2+内流最强且差别最大,并在此做定点位点测定,发现Tianxingmi根系Cd2+内流是Zibeixian根系Cd2+内流的3.75倍,说明了两品种的富集特征与NMT结果一致。添加代谢抑制剂处理显著降低了高积累型Tianxingmi各器官中的Cd浓度,富集系数（BCF）与转运系数（TF）,以及根系Cd2+内流（P < 0.05）,主动吸收特征明显,而对低积累型Zibeixian的相关生理指标影响不大。【结论】两苋菜品种Cd吸收转运特征均表现出显著性差异。Tianxingmi具有更强的Cd吸收和向地上部转运与累积能力,并且根系对Cd的吸收与转运是主动需能的过程,共质体途径在Cd进入Tianxingmi根系并向地上部运输的过程中起着主要作用。     

不同供磷水平对玉米干物质和磷动态积累及分配的影响

采用田间试验研究了不同供磷水平对玉米干物质和磷动态积累、分配规律及磷肥效率的影响。结果表明,施磷增加玉米茎、叶、穗轴、子粒和整株干重及磷含量,降低磷肥表观利用率、农学效率和生理利用率。随生长推进,不同供磷水平的子粒和整株干重及磷含量不断增加直到成熟,其余器官干重和磷积累峰值出现时间早晚不同;生长后期,子粒成为唯一的库器官,茎、叶、根,甚至穗轴均成为源,有一部分光合产物和磷输出,被重新分配到子粒。出苗后79～100 d,各供磷水平下的子粒干重净增量是相应出苗后58～79 d的0.75～1.02倍;前者子粒磷净增量是相应后者的1.56～2.39倍,说明光合产物和磷向子粒中运输不是同步的过程。同一取样时期,随施磷量增加,各器官的干重和磷含量增加,以施P2O5 90 kg/hm2最好,产量达11231.6 kg/hm2,原因是该处理的玉米穗长、行粒数和单株粒重显著增加,禿尖长度显著减少。     

Effect of plant-mediated oxygen supply and drainage on greenhouse gas emission from a tropical peatland in Central Kalimantan,Indonesia

Abstract

To evaluate the hypothesis that plant-mediated oxygen supplies decrease methane (CH₄) production and total global warming potential (GWP) in a tropical peatland, the authors compared the fluxes and dissolved concentrations of greenhouse gases [GHGs; CH₄, carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O)] and dissolved oxygen (DO) at multiple peatland ecosystems in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Study ecosystems included tropical peat swamp forest and degraded peatland areas that were burned and/or drained during the rainy season. CH₄ fluxes were significantly influenced by land use and drainage, which were highest in the flooded burnt sites (5.75 ± 6.66 mg C m^?2 h^?1) followed by the flooded forest sites (1.37 ± 2.03 mg C m^?2 h^?1), the drained burnt site (0.220 ± 0.143 mg C m^?2 h^?1), and the drained forest site (0.0084 ± 0.0321 mg C m^?2 h^?1). Dissolved CH₄ concentrations were also significantly affected by land use and drainage, which were highest in the flooded burnt sites (124 ± 84 μmol L^?1) followed by the drained burnt site (45.2 ± 29.8 μmol L^?1), the flooded forest sites (1.15 ± 1.38 μmol L^?1) and the drained forest site (0.860 ± 0.819 μmol L^?1). DO concentrations were influenced by land use only, which were significantly higher in the forest sites (6.9 ± 5.6 μmol L^?1) compared to the burnt sites (4.0 ± 2.9 μmol L^?1). These results suggest that CH₄ produced in the peat might be oxidized by plant-mediated oxygen supply in the forest sites. CO₂ fluxes were significantly higher in the drained forest site (340 ± 250 mg C m^?2 h^?1 with a water table level of ?20 to ?60 cm) than in the drained burnt site (108 ± 115 mg C m^?2 h^?1 with a water table level of ?15 to +10 cm). Dissolved CO₂ concentrations were 0.6–3.5 mmol L^?1, also highest in the drained forest site. These results suggested enhanced CO₂ emission by aerobic peat decomposition and plant respiration in the drained forest site. N₂O fluxes ranged from ?2.4 to ?8.7 μg N m^?2 h^?1 in the flooded sites and from 3.4 to 8.1 μg N m^?2 h^?1 in the drained sites. The negative N₂O fluxes might be caused by N₂O consumption by denitrification under flooded conditions. Dissolved N₂O concentrations were 0.005–0.22 μmol L^?1 but occurred at < 0.01 μmol L^?1 in most cases. GWP was mainly determined by CO₂ flux, with the highest levels in the drained forest site. Despite having almost the same CO₂ flux, GWP in the flooded burnt sites was 20% higher than that in the flooded forest sites due to the large CH₄ emission (not significant). N₂O fluxes made little contribution to GWP.     

不同生长条件下槟榔叶片氮、磷、钾含量及其比例的研究

采用田间调查与实验室分析相结合,探讨海南地区不同产量水平、不同生长年限、正常结果与黄化槟榔叶片氮、磷、钾含量变化规律.结果表明,槟榔叶片氮、磷、钾比例约为1:0.081:0.356.高产组槟榔叶片平均氮含量比中高产组和中产组的分别高10.45%和21.73%;而比低产组槟榔叶片的高了36.86%.正常结果树(低产组槟榔...     

大气CO2浓度升高和氮肥互作对玉米花后功能叶碳氮同化物的影响

在常规大气CO2浓度（aCO2,400±15μmol·mol−1）和高CO2浓度（eCO2,550±20μmol·mol−1）下分别设置无氮（ZN）和施氮（CN,180kg N·hm−2）2个氮水平的交互处理,以夏玉米品种郑单958为供试材料开展田间试验,测定花后功能叶碳同化物（可溶性糖和淀粉、总碳）动态和氮吸收及同化物组分（硝态氮、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白、非溶性氮化合物细胞壁氮素和类囊体氮素、总氮）动态以及碳氮比动态的变化及玉米产量,以探究CO2浓度升高和氮肥交互作用下,以玉米为代表的C4作物花后功能叶不同组分碳氮同化物质量分数及动态和产量的变化,以期为全球气候变化下玉米生理过程的变化提供理论支撑,同时为玉米作物模型调参提供实证数据。结果表明：（1）本试验条件下,大气CO2浓度升高对夏玉米生物量及产量的作用不显著。（2）eCO2下夏玉米花后功能叶主要碳同化产物（可溶性糖和淀粉）和总碳的质量分数显著（P＜0.05）增加,功能叶中氮同化物中简单组分（硝态氮、游离氨基酸及可溶性蛋白）质量分数和碳氮比、地上部生物量、产量也有一定增加,但未达显著水平;而氮同化物中的结构氮组分（如细胞壁氮和类囊体氮）质量分数显著降低,总氮也有一定降低趋势,显示出后期结构氮组分合成有一定不足。（3）氮肥施用显著增加了花后功能叶碳同化物（如可溶性糖和大部分时期淀粉）及各种氮同化物的质量分数和生物量及产量,对总碳的增加作用不显著。（4）eCO2下合理施用氮肥,会使地上部生物量、产量、功能叶中简单碳同化物可溶性糖、简单氮同化物指标（硝态氮、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白）和总碳质量分数达到较优。因此,在未来大气CO2浓度升高为特征之一的气候变化背景下,氮素合成的生理调控管理对促进碳氮代谢及玉米高产优质有积极作用。     

Accumulation and Toxicity of Germanium in Cucumber under Different Types of Germaniums

The effects of germanium dioxide (GeO₂) and 2-carboxyethyl germanium sesquioxide (Ge-132) treatments on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) growth and Ge accumulation and toxicity were investigated. Accumulated Ge contents in plant treated with GeO₂ were two times greater than that in plants treated with Ge-132. Germanium accumulated primarily in the shoots in the GeO₂ treatments and in the roots in the Ge-132 treatments. In contrast GeO₂ was easily transported from roots to shoots. In cucumber fruit, the range of Ge content in both the GeO₂ and Ge-132 treatments was in the order of stalk > rind > pulp > seeds, suggesting that Ge accumulation was based on distance from xylem. Silicon (Si) content significantly decreased as GeO₂ concentration increased, but there was no difference in Si content in the Ge-132 treatment. Therefore, plant growth and Ge accumulation are affected differently by GeO₂ and Ge-132 treatments, based partly on treatment concentrations.     

分室磷添加下菌根对滇池流域红壤间作玉米生长及磷素利用的影响

随着全球范围内磷矿资源短缺问题的日益严重,间作或菌根技术强化作物对土壤磷(P)的利用及增产增收的效应受到越来越多的关注。通过三室隔网盆栽模拟试验研究了分室磷处理[不添加磷(P0)、添加有机磷(OP50)、添加无机磷(IOP50)]和根室不接种(NM)、根室接种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus mosseae(GM)对与大豆间作的玉米的生长及磷素利用的影响。研究结果表明:所有复合处理中,以间作?GM?IOP50组合处理下的玉米根系最短和地上部生物量最高;OP50处理下,间作玉米的菌根侵染率显著高于单作处理。间作条件下,无论分室磷添加与否,接种GM处理的玉米地上部生物量明显高于NM处理;接种GM处理的玉米根系生物量和株高均显著高于NM处理,且根系生物量以间作?GM?OP50组合处理下最高。接种GM条件下,P0、IOP50、OP50处理下的间作植株生物量较单作处理分别提高45.98%、111.33%、33.56%。单作条件下,无论分室磷添加与否,接种GM处理的玉米地上部磷含量均显著高于NM处理;无论何种种植模式及分室磷添加与否,接种GM处理的植物根系磷含量均显著高于NM处理。无论磷添加与否,间作?GM组合条件下的玉米地上部磷吸收量均显著较高,其中IOP50处理下的地上部磷吸收量显著高于OP50处理。间作?GM组合条件下,IOP50处理玉米根系的磷吸收效率均显著高于OP50处理。可见,接种GM、分室磷添加和间作各自在一定程度上促进了玉米的生长。综合菌根侵染、生物量及磷含量与吸收量、磷吸收效率等指标,所有复合处理中以间作?GM?IOP50组合对玉米地上部的促生作用最好,玉米磷素吸收最多,可望有效强化滇池流域红壤坡耕地磷素的利用。     

滨海盐碱地水盐时空变化特征及对棉花光合生产的影响

为研究滨海盐碱地土壤水盐空间分布及运移变化对棉花光合生产和产量的影响,并探讨棉田地形和土壤容重对滨海盐碱地水盐空间分布的影响方式,在位置相近区域选取海拔和容重差异较大的4块棉田,于4—10月份测定土壤0～200 cm深度水分、盐分和pH等空间分布特征,分析其对棉花光合生产和产量的影响。研究表明,轻度盐碱棉田海拔较高,在141～160 cm处形成"高容重隔层",土壤盐分和pH较低,雨季(7—8月份)土壤水分较低,生育后期(9—10月份)土壤水分明显高于中度盐碱棉田,棉花遭受盐碱胁迫较小,光合生产与水热资源吻合度高,长期处于物质积累活跃期;中度盐碱棉田较高的海拔和容重阻滞了土壤盐分和pH上升,在雨季盐碱胁迫得到解除,但棉花生育早期(4—6月份)和后期仍有明显盐碱胁迫,光合生产与光热资源丰富期吻合度较差;重度盐碱棉田海拔较低,容重差异未对水盐运移规律产生明显影响,长期处于高度盐碱胁迫之下,光合生产能力和产量水平低下。滨海盐碱地改良采用适当抬高地表高度并形成一定厚度的高容重"隔层",增强土壤蓄排水能力,是一种效果持续并有利于作物光合生产的改良措施。     

春播半冬性甘蓝型油菜光温因子与产量及农艺性状的典型相关分析

西藏甘蓝型油菜种质资源匮乏。为探讨西藏春播条件下半冬性甘蓝型油菜的温光特性,提高其在高原春播区的利用价值,以18个半冬性甘蓝型油菜品种为材料,应用典型相关分析方法分析了春播条件下光温因子与半冬性甘蓝型油菜产量及农艺性状的典型相关性。结果表明:春播区光温因子与半冬性甘蓝型油菜的产量及农艺性状均有显著典型相关关系,不同生育时期起主导作用的光温因子不同:营养生长期光温因子与分枝性状典型相关,影响分枝数的主要光温因子是营养生长期的积温;蕾花期光温因子与主茎、分枝性状典型相关,影响主花序和主茎生长的主要光温因子是蕾花期累计日极端温差和总日照时数;角果成熟期光温因子与主茎、分枝、产量性状显著相关,影响单株有效角果数、千粒重的主要光温因子是角果成熟期累计日极端温差;角果期较长日照总时数可降低有效分枝高度,促进主花序伸长及单株产量的提高。西藏半冬性甘蓝型油菜的引种及新品种选育中,在早熟和"双低"特性的基础上应重点选育适应光照充足,能够忍耐极端温差的品种。农艺性状的选择应注重主花序长、二次有效分枝数、有效角果数和千粒重等具有较大潜力的品种。     

不同磷水平下小麦B染色体双端体植株干物质积累和磷效率特征研究

以中国春（CS）及其B染色体组双端体（1BS7BS和1BL7BL））为材料,采用溶液培养法,研究了不同磷水平下各供试材料的干物质积累和磷效率特征。结果表明,与CS相比,丰磷下4BS、6BS、3BL及7BL和低磷下4BS、6BS、7BS、和7BL植株形态及单株干重无明显变化,其他B染色体组双端体植株形态变劣、单株干重降低。丰、低磷下,各双端体单株磷累积量与CS相比多呈减少趋势,表明缺失B染色体长、短臂对小麦的磷素吸收和累积发挥不同程度负调控效应。全磷含量表现为丰磷下4BS和4BL较CS显著增加、5BS较CS显著降低;低磷下5BS较CS显著提高,3BL和5BL较CS显著降低。与CS相比,各双端体植株的磷效率变幅较大,呈与单株磷累积量相反趋势变化,即丰磷下3BS、5BS较CS显著增加,4BS、1BL和4BL较CS显著减少。丰、低磷条件下,多数双端体植株氮钾效率与CS相比也发生不同程度改变。丰、低磷磷下单株干重与磷累积量呈显著正相关,且单株干重与单株叶面积也呈显著正相关。因此,本研究证实,特定B染色体组长、短臂在调控植株抵御低磷逆境中发挥着重要遗传效应,可用单株叶面积作为丰、低磷下植株磷效率的评价指标。