蚯蚓在植物修复重金属污染土壤中的应用前景

重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术是绿色生物技术,该技术的应用受制于两个主要因素:超积累植物生物量小和土壤中重金属有效性低。本文在收集大量资料基础上,论述了蚯蚓与重金属的相互关系:重金属对蚯蚓的毒理效应和蚯蚓对重金属的忍耐力。根据在重金属污染土壤中,蚯蚓活动能提高植物生物量和土壤中的重金属的生物有效性,论证了在重金属污染土壤植物修复技术中引入蚯蚓的可行性,并指出引入蚯蚓的植物修复技术当前的研究热点及今后的研究方向。     

淹水条件下生物炭对污染土壤重金属有效性及养分含量的影响

以生物炭为改良剂,采用淹水培养方法研究不同添加量生物炭(BC)处理(1%,3%和5%)对污染土壤Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu有效性及养分含量的影响,并用毒性淋出试验(TCLP)法对其生态风险进行评价。结果表明:与对照相比,添加生物炭土壤中交换态Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu分别降低0.15%～24.11%,1.22%～16.09%,0.47%～21.51%,3.05%～77.30%,且表现为随生物炭施用量的增加其降低程度增大。TCLP态Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu含量分别降低0.74%～21.47%,6.67%～47.62%,2.02%～16.74%,0.29%～21.20%,且表现为随生物炭施用量的增加其降低程度增大。与对照相比,添加生物炭后土壤pH上升(-0.01)～0.35个单位,有机质、铵态氮和硝态氮分别增加0.09%～20.02%,1.59%～38.28%和2.74%～90.14%。土壤pH值与土壤交换态Cu含量呈显著负相关,有机质含量与交换态Zn含量呈显著负相关。淹水条件下污染土壤中施用生物炭可降低重金属Zn、Cd、Pb和Cu的有效性和生态风险,提高土壤养分含量,起到改良土壤作用。     

龙须草生长对重金属污染土壤的影响

为了探明龙须草种植对重金属污染土壤的影响,利用盆栽培养试验研究某矿业废弃地污染土壤对龙须草生长的影响,分析了龙须草生长90d,180d,270d和360d时土壤营养成分、重金属镉铅含量、微生物生物量和酶活性等的变化,以不种植龙须草为对照。结果表明,随着龙须草的生长,土壤镉铅总量和有效态含量均呈下降趋势,生长1a后土壤镉铅的有效态含量分别下降了28%和15%,但与对照相比无显著差异。土壤营养成分、微生物生物量和酶活性呈上升趋势,且与对照差异显著。与试验前相比,龙须草生长组有机质含量提高了1.5倍,全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷和速效钾含量分别上升了7.6%,3.1%,10.2%,11.4%和11.2%。土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷、土壤转化酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别增加了0.9倍,1.1倍,3.0倍,1.1倍,0.4倍,0.3倍和0.5倍。各指标相关性分析表明,土壤营养成分、微生物生物量和酶活性之间呈正相关,而与重金属含量呈负相关。说明龙须草对重金属污染土壤有一定的修复作用,具有较大的应用潜力。     

包头市铜厂周边土壤中重金属垂直分布特征与形态分析

为了解包头市铜厂周边地区土壤剖面中重金属污染状况,采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法和Tessier连续提取法,对土壤中6种重金属（Cu,Zn,Mn,Ni,Pb和Cd）的垂直分布特征、形态及潜在生物可利用性进行了分析。结果表明:研究区土壤剖面各层土壤中6种重金属含量均超过内蒙古土壤背景值,Cu,Pb和Cd为主要污染物。随采样深度的增加,Cu,Zn,Pb和Mn的含量呈现下降趋势,且由相关性系数可知重金属Cu,Zn和Pb可能有相同人为或自然污染源;土壤剖面中6种重金属均主要以残渣态存在,含量均在50%以上,对生物危害较小;潜在生物可利用性分析结果为:Cu（32.61%） > Mn（31.85%） > Ni（24.90%） > Zn（16.60%） > Cd（15.23%） > Pb（14.87%）,Cu和Mn的潜在生物可利用性较大,其次为Ni,Zn,Cd和Pb潜在生物可利用性较小。     

重金属-有机复合污染土壤的电动强化修复研究

许多污染场地都呈现重金属和有机污染物叠加的趋势,给修复带来了困难和挑战。以红壤为供试土壤,以铜和芘为代表性污染物,研究了添加表面活性剂羟丙基-β-环糊精（HPCD）和氧化剂H2O2对电动修复该复合污染土壤的影响,其目的是实现重金属和有机污染物的同时去除。结果表明,在所有的处理中,芘和铜都有向阴极迁移的趋势;当提高土柱的pH时降低了芘的氧化和降解,同时也阻碍了土壤中铜的迁移和去除;阳极加10%HPCD,阴极控制酸性条件pH3.5有助于土壤中污染物的解吸和迁移,芘和铜的去除率分别可达到51.3%和80.5%;由于H2O2的不稳定性,添加6%H2O2并未明显提高芘和铜的去除率。     

Field-Scale Assessment of Phytotreatment of Soil Contaminated with Weathered Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals (9 pp)

Background, Aim and Scope   Phytoremediation is a remediation method which uses plants to remove, contain or detoxify environmental contaminants. Phytoremediation has successfully been applied for the removal of fresh hydrocarbon contamination, but removal of aged hydrocarbons has proven more difficult. Biodegradation of hydrocarbons in the subsurface can be enhanced by the presence of plant roots, i.e. the rhizosphere effect. Phytostabilization reduces heavy metal availability via immobilization in the rhizosphere. Soils contaminated by both hydrocarbons and heavy metals are abundant and may be difficult to treat. Heavy metal toxicity can inhibit the activity of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms and decrease the metabolic diversity of soil bacteria. In this experiment, weathered hydrocarbon- and heavy metal- contaminated soil was treated using phytoremediation in a 39- month field study in attempts to achieve both hydrocarbon removal and heavy metal stabilization. Materials and Methods: A combination of hydrocarbon degradation and heavy metal stabilization was evaluated in a field-scale phytoremediation study of weathered contaminants. Soil had been contaminated over several years with hydrocarbons (11400±4300 mg kg dry soil)-1 and heavy metals from bus maintenance activities and was geologically characterized as till. Concentrations of soil copper, lead and zinc were 170±50 mgkg-1, 1100±1500 mg kg-1 and 390±340 mg kg-1, respectively. The effect of contaminants, plant species and soil amendment (NPK fertilizer or biowaste compost) on metabolic activity of soil microbiota was determined. Phytostabilization performance was investigated by analyses of metal concentrations in plants, soil and site leachate as well as acute toxicity to Vibrio fischeri and Enchtraeus albidus. Results: Over 39 months hydrocarbon concentrations did not decrease significantly (P=0.05) in non-amended soil, although 30% of initial hydrocarbon concentrations were removed by the last four months of study. In soil amended with NPK fertilizer and municipal biowaste compost, 65 % and 60 % of hydrocarbons were removed, respectively. The soil contained metabolically diverse bacteria, measured as carbon source utilization and extracellular enzymatic activities. Compost addition resulted in a slight increase in enzymatic activities. Diesel fuel utilization potential in Biolog MT2 plates inoculated with a soil suspension was enhanced by both compost and NPK compared to non-amended soil. Soil toxicity to V. fischeri and E. albidus was low. The leachate was not toxic to V. fischeri. Pine (Pinus sylvestris), poplar (Populus deltoides x Wettsteinii), grasses and clover (Trifolium repens) survived to varying degrees in the contaminated soil. All plants suffered from phytotoxicity symptoms and some trees died during the study period. Plants formed a dense cover over the compost-amended soil, whereas non-amended soil had areas devoid of vegetation throughout the study. Vegetation coverage in the NPK-amended quarter was about 50 % after the first four months of study, but increased gradually to 100 %. Heavy metals did not accumulate in plant tissue. Discussion: Removal of hydrocarbons from weathered unfertilized hydrocarbon-contaminated soil was not statistically significant despite the presence of a viable hydrocarbon-degrading microbial community. This effect is attributed to soil heterogeneity and low bioavailability of hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon concentrations were not reduced to the desired level, i.e., 1500 mg hydrocarbons (kg of dry soil)-1, in any treatment. . The presence of clay minerals and organic matter within the compost may have limited heavy metal transfer to leachate and plant tissue. Conclusions: Weathered hydrocarbons were partly decomposed in soil fertilized with NPK fertilizer or biowaste compost, but not from unfertilized soil. The active hydrocarbon-degrading microbiota and low toxicity of soil to V. fischeri and E. albidus indicates low availability of contaminants to microorganisms. Despite high heavy metal concentrations, the soil contained metabolically diverse bacteria, measured as carbon source utilization and extracellular enzymatic activities. Heavy metals did not accumulate in test plants. Pine and poplar suffered from phytotoxicity symptoms in the soil and could not enhance hydrocarbon removal in compost-amended soil. Compost addition combined with a grass and legume crop is suggested for stabilization of combined hydrocarbon- and metal-contaminated soil. Recommendations and Perspectives: Both compost and NPK fertilizers can be used to enhance phytoremediation of soil contaminated with weathered hydrocarbons in the presence of heavy metals; however, compost addition is recommended since it enables greater vegetative coverage. This in turn may decrease heavy metal mobility. Phytoremediation can be used for remediation of soil contaminated with weathered hydrocarbons in the presence of heavy metals. However, phytoremediation of weathered contaminants requires extended periods of time; thus, other remediation methods should be considered in the event of soil contamination posing an immediate public health and/or environmental threat.     

低分子有机酸去除土壤中重金属条件的研究

采用化学萃取实验,以湖南郴州柿竹园和湖南衡阳水口山矿区的重金属污染农田土壤为研究对象,采用柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸作为低分子有机酸萃取剂,在一定的条件下对污染土壤中重金属进行萃取实验,确定各个单因素的适宜条件。结果表明,对于湖南郴州和衡阳两个污染地区土壤运用化学萃取技术萃取重金属来进行土壤修复是实际可行的;柠檬酸、酒石酸、草酸对各种土壤中的重金属都表现出了良好的萃取能力,是高效的土壤重金属萃取剂;单因素的适宜萃取条件为100mmol·L^-1有机酸溶液,固液比1∶5,恒定温度35℃,pH为3,反应时间24h,且萃取率随着电解质浓度的增大而提高;土壤中重金属存在形态与萃取效果有一定的相关性,稳定态（残渣态、硫化物和有机结合态、铁-锰氧化物结合态）金属含量高,表现为较低的萃取率;反之,萃取率高;柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸3种萃取剂均能有效地降低衡阳污染土壤中的重金属浓度,3种萃取剂的萃取效率依次为酒石酸〉草酸〉柠檬酸。     

Effects of Chelating Compounds on Mobilization and Phytoextraction of Copper and Lead in Contaminated Soils

Six chelating compounds: ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylenediamine-N, N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS), tartaric acid, citric acid, glycine and histidine, were tested as potential agents to mobilize copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) from two soils polluted with the emissions from copper smelters. Copper was mobilized with the following efficiency: EDTA > citric and tartaric acids > histidine > EDDS and glycine, while Pb extractability followed the order: EDTA > EDDS >> tartaric and citric acid >> glycine and histidine. With respect to these results, EDTA and EDDS were chosen for a pot experiment on chelate-induced phytoextraction of Cu and Pb by maize (Zea mays). Chelates were applied at the rates of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mmol kg^?1, and this experiment was carried out at two different watering regimes. Both EDTA and EDDS caused significant increase of Cu uptake from soils, but its concentrations in biomass were far below those required for efficient soil remediation. Lead uptake was only slightly affected by chelate application. Losses of Cu from soil by leaching were much higher than those caused by plant uptake.     

谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸及液体肥联合强化对东南景天修复重金属污染土壤的影响

化学强化可提高超富集植物对土壤重金属的提取效果。采用盆栽试验,研究了可生物降解螯合剂谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸(GLDA)、液体肥的不同用量及复配使用对超富集植物东南景天吸收土壤重金属Cd、Zn的影响,并探讨了其渗滤液对环境的风险。结果表明:单一使用GLDA或者液体肥均能提高东南景天对土壤Cd、Zn的提取效率,其中1.25 mmol/kg GLDA处理的Cd、Zn提取量分别是空白处理的1.36,1.46倍,0.5 g/kg液体肥处理的Cd、Zn提取量分别是空白处理的1.40,1.43倍,这2种低用量单独使用的处理对Cd提取效率最高,达到41%～42%,且对应的渗滤液重金属含量均比空白处理要低,其环境风险较小。GLDA与较高用量(2 g/kg土)液体肥复配时,其东南景天对土壤Cd、Zn的提取量与空白处理相比有所下降。结果表明,GLDA和液体肥在强化植物修复方面有明显潜力,而且以低剂量单独使用强化效果较佳,值得进一步的田间试验核实。     

茶皂素对污染土壤中重金属的修复作用

采用振荡离心的方法研究了生物表面活性剂茶皂素在不同浓度、pH值和离子强度下对污染土壤中重金属去除效果的影响;并采用BCR法研究了茶皂素处理前后土样中各形态的重金属含量变化。试验结果表明:随着茶皂素浓度的增加,重金属的去除率随之增加,在茶皂素浓度为7%时,对供试土样中重金属的去除率达到最大值,去除率分别为Cd 96.36%,Zn 71.73%,Pb 43.71%,Cu 20.56%;随着土壤环境pH值的增加,重金属的去除率随之减少,适宜的pH范围在5.0左右;离子强度对Pb,Cu的去除效率影响不大,Zn,Cd的去除率随着离子强度的增加而减少。比较茶皂素处理前后土样中重金属各形态含量的变化,发现酸溶态的重金属更易被茶皂素去除,其次为可还原态、可氧化态和残渣态的重金属很难被去除。     

Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Biochar,and Chemical Fertilizer under Salinity Stress

Pot experiment was conducted under axenic conditions in a growth chamber with 14 h photoperiod at 22/26°C to evaluate the role of biochar, phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas sp.), and chemical fertilizer under induced salt stress (150 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)). Factorial randomized complete plot designs with three replications were used. Biochar and fertilizer were mixed in soil (5:1) while Pseudomonas sp. was applied as seed soaking. Salt stress applied at 3 leaf stage significantly reduced (27%) soil moisture and increased electrolyte leakage, Na and potassium (K) uptake, proline, and antioxidant enzymes. Biochar and Pseudomonas sp. decreased the sodium by 24% and 50%, respectively, and increased proline, soil moisture content, and peroxidase (POD) activity. Fertilizer treatment increased the electrolyte leakage by 73%. The effect of fertilizer was 3–4× higher for proline and POD activity in combined treatment with biochar and Pseudomonas. The fertilizer effect can be augmented by the application of Pseudomonas sp. and biochar to alleviate salt stress.     

浙江省优势农产区土壤重金属分异特征及评价

通过详细的调查分析，研究了浙江省优势农产区表层土壤重金属分异特征及其现状，并探讨了各种影响因素。904个代表性样品的分析结果表明，除As和Hg以外，Cd、Cr、Pb、Zn、Cu及Ni的含量均高于浙江省第2次土壤普查得到的表层土壤重金属含量；与杭嘉湖平原、浙江省、中国及世界土壤背景值的对比发现，研究区土壤大部分重金属元素的含量明显偏高，根据国家二级标准限值得出的单项评价结果表明，Cd和Ni的超标指数较高，分别达到lO．72％和9．7％。Hg、Pb、Cu和Cr次之，分别为6．80％，5，35％，3．43％和3．03％，Zn和As较小，分别为1．80％和1．04％。此外．通过对不同的土地利用类型、不同母质及土壤类型土壤中重金属含量的方差分析，研究了这些因子对浙江省农业土壤重金属含量的影响程度及其原因。     

细菌-矿物互作及其复合体在重金属修复中的应用

利用功能细菌辅助植物固定重金属是目前农田土壤污染修复中高效且环境友好的方式,其中细菌与矿物间相互作用广泛存在,包括细菌对矿物的溶解作用、矿物对细菌活性的影响以及细菌-矿物复合体的形成等,并贯穿整个修复过程。一方面,细菌与矿物互作会影响细菌的活性和表面特性,如带电性、表面官能团位点类型及浓度等,进而影响细菌对重金属的生物吸附行为以及辅助植物修复作用的发挥;另一方面,细菌-矿物结合形成的复合体较单一细菌、矿物组分对重金属的固定行为不同,在重金属修复过程中发挥不可忽视的作用。本文综合分析细菌与矿物的结合作用、细菌对矿物的溶解作用以及矿物对细菌活性的影响,阐述细菌-土壤矿物(矿物材料)复合体在重金属污染修复中的应用潜能,为复合体应用于重金属污染土壤环境提供理论依据。     

尾矿库尾砂及周边农田土壤重金属形态分布及其生物有效性

采用BCR（community bureau of reference）连续提取法对大宝山矿山槽对坑尾矿库尾砂和周边农田土壤重金属Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的形态分布及其生物有效性进行了分析。结果表明,尾砂中Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn残渣态占绝对优势,占其总量的百分数均在85%以上。农田土壤中Cd、Cu和Zn都以残渣态为主,分别占其总量的60%、60%和90%以上,Pb以残渣态和可还原态为主,占其总量的93.44%。农田土壤重金属有效性较尾砂大,尾砂和农田土壤重金属生物有效性均以Pb为最高。     

重金属污染土壤清洗导致几种营养元素流失的研究

通过HCl、柠檬酸、EDTA这3种提取剂对Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn污染土壤的漫提试验，研究了土壤清洗洗脱重金属的效果，并探讨了土壤清洗导致K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn这几种营养元素的流失和有效性的改变。试验结果表明，土壤清洗能有效地洗脱土壤中的Ph、Cd、Cu、Zn，伺时也造成了土壤中K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn的流失，降低了其中部分营养元素的有效性。EDTA对重金属的洗脱能力大于HCl和柠檬酸。HCl漫提造成的K、Ca、Mg的流失量大于柠檬酸和EDTA，柠檬酸浸提造成的Fe流失量大于HCl和EDTA，EDTA漫提造成的Mn流失量大于HCl和柠檬酸。HCl和柠檬酸浸提降低了土壤K、Ca、Mg的有效性EDTA浸提提高了土壤K的有效性。降低了土壤Ca的有效性。在高浓度时（50mmol／L），EDTA显著地降低了土壤Mg的有效性。HCl漫提导致土壤K的有效性下降比柠檬酸严重，高浓度的EDTA浸提导致土壤Ca的有效性下降比HCl和柠檬酸严重。HCl、柠檬酸、EDTA浸提都能提高土壤中Fe的有效性．且EDTA的效应大于其它2种萃取剂；在低浓度时，3种提取剂都能提高土壤中Mn的有效性，且以柠檬酸的作用最为明显，当提取剂浓度增加时，Mn的有效性有所回落。     

Ameliorative Effect of Humic Acid and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Hungarian Vetch Plants under Salinity Stress

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress factors for cultivated plants, limiting their growth and productivity in many areas of the world. This study aims to determine the ameliorative effects of humic acid (HA) and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) on amino acids, enzymes, minerals, organic acids and hormones in Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica) plants under salinity stress conditions. Salinity stress was established by adding 0, 10, 30 and 60 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) to growing media. HA and PGPR treatments had positive ameliorative effects on the minerals, organic acids, hormones and enzyme activity of Hungarian vetch plants under salinity stress conditions. PGPR treatments showed better ameliorative effects than HA. This study suggests that PGPR treatments have the potential to be used as alleviator fertilizer in salinity stress conditions and may have ameliorated the deleterious effects of salt stress on Hungarian vetch plants.     

株洲霞湾港域乡土植物及其根际土壤重金属蓄积特性

通过采样调查,对株洲霞湾港域9种乡土植物及其根际土壤的重金属含量进行研究,并对比分析植物对Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn的吸收、转运和富集特征.结果表明:该港域土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn的含量均超过国家土壤环境质量三级标准,存在严重的复合污染.采集的9种植物均对污染表现出一定的耐受性,且不同植物对重金属的吸收和转运表现出较大差异性,根据其生物富集系数和转运系数,大致可分为三类.广玉兰、何首乌、珊瑚树和野芋为富集型植物,适合种植于港堤附近的农田边、厂区;小叶女贞为根部囤积型植物,黄独、蓖麻、小构树和薏米为规避型植物,适合种植于荒地等利用价值低的地区.     

云南会泽铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤重金属污染特征及健康风险评价

为进一步探讨云南会泽铅锌冶炼厂历史遗留的环境问题,掌握新址所在区域土壤环境质量状况,以会泽铅锌冶炼厂新、旧场址周边土壤作为研究对象,随机布设14个采样点,采集42个土壤样品,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪和原子荧光光谱仪测定土壤样品中的Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Hg。采用综合污染指数法、地积累指数法、潜在生态危害指数法和健康风险评价方法对土壤中重金属污染特征及其健康风险进行评价。结果表明,云南会泽铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤中Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cd、As和Hg的平均含量水平分别为92.25、226.81、1 567.45、65.16、394.66、1 451.63、11.16、43.81、0.47 mg·kg-1,除Cr、Hg外,其他重金属含量均超过《国家土壤环境质量标准》二级标准值,其中Cd的最高超标倍数为274倍。地积累指数评价结果表明,该区域土壤中Cd污染最为严重,处于偏重-极重污染范畴;潜在生态危害综合指数评价结果显示:该区域重金属污染处于强-很强的生态风险程度;健康风险评价结果表明:旧场址周边土壤中Pb、Cd对儿童均具有显著的潜在健康风险。     

天水苹果园土壤重金属富集状况评价及来源分析

对天水果园表层（0~20 cm）219件土壤样品进行研究,测定5种重金属（Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr和Cd）及有机质含量,以天水小陇山土壤为对照,运用相关分析和主成分分析方法区分土壤中重金属的来源。结果表明,①Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr和Cd含量分别为77.39、23.03、23.62、61.49 mg.kg-1和0.07 mg.kg-1,其中Cd极显著（P〈0.01）高于小陇山土壤,其余4种重金属虽高于小陇山土壤但无显著差异性（P〉0.05）;②研究区土壤Cu、Pb、Cr三者间在0.01或0.001水平上具有显著正相关性,且这3种重金属与土壤有机质具有显著正相关性,其余重金属间不存在显著相关性;③主成分分析显示Cu、Pb和Cr来源相似,主要来自于成土母质,Cd来源于人为施肥因素,Zn的富集受多种因素影响。研究评价结果显示,天水地区果园土壤Cd受人为施肥影响较大,具有一定程度的富集。     

沘江流域耕地土壤重金属分布及生态风险评价

地处兰坪铅锌矿下游的沘江流域土壤重金属污染问题倍受关注。本文在沘江流域采集了35个耕地土壤样品,分析测定了砷、铜、锌、镉、铅、汞6种重金属污染物累积量,并应用内梅罗综合污染指数法及Hacanson潜在生态风险指数法,对耕地土壤污染状况及生态风险进行评价。结果表明:(1)沘江流域沿岸耕地重金属铅、锌、镉累积量相对处于极高水平,均值分别为1 146.97、579.15、4.85 mg·kg~(-1),污染十分严重;砷的累积量也较大,均值为26.85 mg·kg~(-1);铜、汞累积量较小,污染程度轻;(2)地统计分析结果表明,兰坪周边流域是土壤重金属砷、锌、铅、镉污染的一个主要点源污染源,而铜、汞污染没有显著点源污染源,均来自不同面源污染;(3)流域内梅罗指数均值为17.69(远大于3),存在极其严重重金属污染,同时综合潜在生态风险指数均值为773.38,有很强潜在生态风险。污染物贡献表现为镉铅锌砷汞铜;(4)沘江流域耕地土壤总体表现为水田重金属污染略高于旱地。