Monitoring Nutrient Status of Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana) Fruit Trees in Semi-arid and Arid Regions of Northwest India through Diagnostic Recommendation and Integrated System Approach

The Diagnostic Recommendation and Integrated System (DRIS) was employed to interpret nutrient analyses of leaf tissues from ber fruit tree orchards grown in semi-arid and arid areas of Punjab in northwest India. The DRIS norms were established for various nutrient ratios obtained from the high-yield population and were used to compute DRIS indices, which assessed nutrient balance and their orders of limitation to yield. Nutrient sufficiency ranges derived from DRIS norms were 0.688–1.648%, 0.184–0.339%, 1.178–1.855%, 1.064–1.768%, 0.234–0.391%, and 0.124–0.180% for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) and were 55–205, 26–80, 17–33, and 5–11 mg kg^?1 for iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), respectively. According to these DRIS-derived sufficiency ranges, 79%, 76%, 76%, 75%, 84%, and 72% of samples were sufficient, whereas 13%, 15%, 21%, 14%, 7%, and 18% of total samples were low in N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively. For micronutrients, 84%, 85%, 77%, and 86% of samples were sufficient, whereas 6%, 3%, 8%, and 2% of samples were low in Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu, respectively.     

Monitoring Nutrient Status of Guava Fruit Trees in Punjab,Northwest India through the Diagnostic and Recommendation Integrated System Approach

Abstract

The Diagnostic and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) was employed for interpreting nutrient analyses of leaf tissue of guava fruit trees (Psidium guajava L.) cultivated in Punjab, northwest India. Standard reference DRIS norms were established for various nutrient ratios and used to compute DRIS indices, which assessed nutrient balance and order of limitation to yield. The DRIS evaluation and sufficiency range approach were equally effective and in agreement for diagnosing deficiencies of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu). The results also show that the position of leaf tissue sampled does not have a major effect on the DRIS diagnosis. Nutrient sufficiency ranges derived from DRIS norms were 1.41–1.65, 0.10–0.17, 0.51–0.97, 1.16–2.12, 0.31–0.51, 0.18–0.28% for N, P, K, Ca, magnesium (Mg), and S and were 105–153, 58–110, 15–29, and 6–16 mg Kg^?1 for iron (Fe), Mn, Zn, and Cu, respectively. According to these sufficiency ranges 35, 62, 51, 75, 70, and 68% of samples were sufficient, and 4, 29, 36, 9, 10, and 22% of samples were low in N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively. More than 50 and 2% of the guava trees selected for sampling was found to deficient in N and P, respectively. For micronutrients, 15, 6, and 7% of samples were found to be low in Mn, Zn, and Cu.     

Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System for Monitoring Nutrient Status of Mango Trees in Submountainous Area of Punjab,India

Abstract

The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) was used to identify nutrient status of mango fruit trees in Punjab, India. Standard norms established from the nutrient survey of mango fruit trees were 1.144, 0.126, 0.327, 2.587, 0.263, 0.141% for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S), and 15, 3.5, 145, 155, and 30 mg kg^?1, respectively, for zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and boron (B) in dry matter. On the basis of DRIS indices, 16, 15, 12, 17, and 16% of total samples collected during nutrients survey of mango trees were low in N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, respectively. For micronutrients, 19, 18, 12, 20, and 6% samples were inadequate in Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and B, respectively. DRIS‐derived sufficiency ranges from nutrient indexing survey were 0.92–1.37, 0.08–0.16, 0.21–0.44, 1.71–3.47, 0.15–0.37, and 0.09–0.19% for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S and 11–19, 1–6, 63–227, 87–223, and 16–44 mg kg^?1 for Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and B, respectively.     

Soil Nutrient Status and Leaf Nutrient Norms in Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Plantations Grown in the West Coastal Area of India

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a heavy feeder of nutrients and requires balanced and adequate supply of nutrients for optimum growth and yield. Information regarding soil nutrient status and leaf nutrient concentration is very much required for proper fertilizer application. Therefore, a survey was conducted for assessment of soil nutrient status and leaf nutrient concentration in 64 oil palm plantations in the state of Goa lying in the west coastal region of India. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), available potassium (K) (ammonium acetate-extractable K) (NH₄OAc-K), available phosphorus (P) (Bray’s-P), exchangeable calcium (Ca) (Exch. Ca) and magnesium (Mg) (Exch. Mg), available sulphur (S) (calcium chloride-extractable S) (CaCl₂-S), and hot water soluble boron (B) (HWB) in surface (0–20 cm depth) soil layers ranged from 4.25 to 6.77, 0.05 to 1.06 dS m^–1, 5.07 to 48.4 g kg^–1, 58.1 to 1167 mg kg^–1, 1.80 to 415 mg kg^–1, 200 to 2997 mg kg^–1, 36.0 to 744 mg kg^–1, 3.00 to 87.7 mg kg^–1 and 0.09 to 2.10 mg kg^–1, respectively. Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) norms were established for different nutrient expressions and were used to compute DRIS indices. As per DRIS indices, the order of requirement of nutrients in the region was found to be P > Mg > K > nitrogen (N) > B. Optimum leaf nutrient ranges as per DRIS norms varied from 1.64 to 2.79%, 0.36 to 0.52%, 0.37 to 0.75%, 0.89 to 1.97%, 0.35 to 0.63%, 0.89 to 1.50%, 3.10 to 13.9 mg kg^?1, 7.50 to 32.2 mg kg^?1, 35.0 to 91.1 mg kg^?1, 206 to 948 mg kg^?1, and 895 to 2075 mg kg^?1 for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) respectively. On the basis of DRIS-derived sufficiency ranges, 14, 5, 11, 6, 6, 6, 8, 2, 3, 6, and 16% of leaf samples had less than optimum concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe respectively. The optimum ranges developed can be used as a guide for routine diagnostic and advisory purpose for balanced utilization of fertilizers.     

Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System Norms,Sufficiency Range,and Nutritional Evaluation of Arabian Coffee in Two Sampling Periods

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to establish and compare Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) norms with the sufficiency range approach, and apply these methods on nutritional diagnosis of Arabian coffee, in field samples collected in summer and winter in Southern Brazil. DRIS norms and sufficiency range were established in groves with average biennial yield equal or above 3000 kg ha^{? 1}. The “t” test was used to verify the differences between the sufficiency range and the DRIS norms. The foliar concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) were higher in summer, and iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in winter. The reference values should be specific for the period of the year. There were differences in the foliar nutritional diagnosis, between the DRIS method and the sufficiency range approach. In samples during the summer analyzed with DRIS, copper (Cu), S, potassium (K), and zinc (Zn) were considered more limited nutrients and Mn, S, K, and calcium (Ca) when the sufficiency range was used.     

Spatial Variability Studies in Banana for Identification of Nutrient Imbalance Using Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System

Spatial variability of soil properties and accompanying variability in plant nutrient concentrations in a banana growing enterprise were mapped using Geographic Information Service (GIS) technique to test the diagnostic sensitivity of Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) system. Variogram models of soil properties indicated that most of the properties exhibited definable spatial structures. The pH, available nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) showed strong spatial dependence, whereas available phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) showed moderate dependence. Most of the plant nutrients exhibited higher nugget/sill ratio indicating often mismatch between soil available nutrient and plant nutrient concentrations. DRIS indices showed high diagnostic sensitivity for N, P, K, Ca, and Fe. Application of GIS for nutrient mapping along with DRIS was found useful for identification of yield limiting nutrients in soil and plant for developing nutrient management strategies.     

Nutrient Sufficiency Ranges in Mango Using Boundary-Line Approach and Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis Norms in El-Salhiya,Egypt

Nutrient sufficiency ranges are useful for diagnosing and correcting plant nutritional status in order to optimize yield and protect the environment. This study was conducted to determine nutrient sufficiency ranges for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in mango trees grown in El-Salhiya, Egypt, through boundary-line approach (BLA) and compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) technique. For this purpose, foliar samples from 310 mango trees were collected during two successive years from the study area and fruit yields were recorded. The nutrient sufficiency ranges generated by BLA were 0.744–1.430% for N, 0.074–0.142% for P, 0.543–1.045% for K, 1.366–2.653% for Ca, 0.155–0.305% for Mg, 389–1148 ppm for Fe, 23.1–60.5 ppm for Mn, 28.4–56.3 ppm for Zn, and 2.37–12.10 ppm for Cu. The CND-derived nutrient sufficiency ranges were 0.917–1.215% for N, 0.066–0.106% for P, 0.585–0.943% for K, 1.003–2.077% for Ca, 0.112–0.378% for Mg, 277.5–849.2 ppm for Fe, 27.9–82.4 ppm for Mn, 29.2–44.6 ppm for Zn, and 2.42–11.37 ppm for Cu. The optimum nutrient concentrations generated from BLA were in general comparable to those obtained using CND technique. Only Ca and Fe optimum concentrations showed poor match. Seven significant nutrient interactions were strongly evidenced through principal component analysis of the computed CND indexes. The positive interaction was P-K, while the negative interactions were P-Mg, K-Mg, Ca-Zn, P-Fe, K-Fe, and Zn-Cu.     

“燕山早丰”板栗叶片DRIS营养诊断研究

通过对23个代表性栗园叶片矿质营养分析,采用诊断施肥综合法（DRIS）对迁西板栗 燕山早丰（Castanea mollissima cv. zaofeng）进行叶片营养诊断,旨在为迁西燕山早丰的营养诊断和平衡施肥提供参考。结果表明,1）迁西燕山早丰叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、B的适宜含量分别为 （1.9970.169）%、（0.1300.012）%、（0.5710.059）%、（1.2950.112）%、（0.6790.075）%、685.87576.159 mg/kg、593.780131.690 mg/kg、 12.7261.507 mg/kg、 43.4187.889 mg/kg。 2）初步制定了DRIS指数分级标准,提出了燕山早丰板栗园N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、B的DRIS指数适宜范围分别为: -2.267 ~1.894、-2.157~ 2.108、-2.080~ 2.450、-1.719~1.224、-3.960~2.962、-1.807 ~1.510、 -3.002~4.079、 -0.826~0.943、 -2.127~2.773。3）不同地区代表性栗园的养分需求顺序不同,养分不平衡指数（NII）与板栗园产量间呈极显著负相关关系（P0.01）,迁西县西北和西南地区的板栗园普遍存在Mn缺乏的问题。4）相关分析显示,7月中旬叶片矿质元素间的正相关和负相关关系均未达到显著水平（P0.05）,是夏季追肥的理想时期,可避免因元素间拮抗作用导致的肥效损失。     

Assessment of the limiting nutrients for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth using Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS)

ABSTRACT

The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) was used as a tool to assess the limiting nutrients for wheat growth. To this effect, two separate greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the limiting nutrients for wheat growth using soil samples collected from Wolmera district, Ethiopia. The experiments consisted of eight fertilizer treatments, optimum (Opt.), optimum-N (Opt-N), optimum-P (Opt-P), optimum-K (Opt-K), optimum-S (Opt-S), optimum-B (Opt-B), optimum-Zn (Opt-Zn) and control on Nitisols and six fertilizer treatments (Opt, Opt-N, Opt-P, Opt-S, Opt-B, and control) on Vertisols. In Nitisols, dry shoot weight yields were reduced by 93%, 70%, and 50% in the control, Opt-N, and Opt-P treatments, respectively. Whereas the corresponding reductions were 85%, 78%, and 42%, respectively, in Vertisols as compared to the optimum treatment. DRIS results indicated that N is the most limiting nutrient, followed by S, B, and P, while Zn was the least limiting nutrient for wheat production in the two study soils.     

Nitrogen Concentration and Dry-Matter Accumulation in Maize Crop: Assessing Maize Nitrogen Status with an Allometric Function and a Chlorophyll Meter

The ability to determine the optimal nitrogen (N) content in maize plants needed to obtain maximum growth is important to the management of the crop. It has been shown that N content declines as a function of aboveground biomass accumulation (W): [N] = 3.4W^–0.37. The goal of this study is to evaluate the applicability of relating chlorophyll meter readings with the optimal N content relationship to provide a tool for whole-plant N-status diagnosis in maize without the necessity of measuring N content. Biomass of shoot and specific organs, N concentration, and chlorophyll meter measurement of specific leaves were measured over several sites and years. Nitrogen-concentration measurements indicated that whole-plant N status can be represented by the N concentration of the topmost fully expanded leaf. A quantitative relationship between N concentration and chlorophyll meter measurement on the uppermost expanded leaf was established and validated.     

Diagnostic Leaf Nutrient Norms and Identification of Yield-Limiting Nutrients of Mango in Eastern Plateau and Hill Region of India

The leaf nutritional status of mango orchards was assessed using diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS). The DRIS norms, which showed higher variance and lower coefficients of variation, are found to have greater diagnostic precision. As per DRIS indices, a relative deficiency for magnesium, zinc, and boron corresponding to relative sufficiency for calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and potassium was detected in 9-year-old mango orchards. For the younger orchards (6–7 year old), the order of requirement of nutrients was found to be calcium > sulfur > potassium > boron > nitrogen > phosphorus > magnesium > zinc. Boron was found as the most yield-limiting elements in all age group of plants. When the DRIS indices were compared on the basis of soil pH, calcium and magnesium were most yield-limiting nutrients below pH 5.5, while nitrogen, zinc, and boron were found to be most limiting above pH 5.5.     

A Power Function Based Approach for the Assessment of the Sulfate Deprivation Impact on Nutrient Allocation in Young Maize Plants

Thirteen-day-old maize (Zea mays L.) plants were exposed hydroponically to sulfur (S)-deprivation and their nutritional status was monitored for ten days. Sulfur (S) -deprivation altered the allocation of nutrients between roots and shoots in a differential manner and the effect was approached in terms of a power function. The experimental curvature was analyzed through the value of the exponent of the function and two formulations of the approach were tested through regression analysis. In the shoot, the impact of the S-deprivation relative to that on dry mass was: calcium (Ca) (45.3%) > nitrate (NO₃) (18.9%) > magnesium (Mg) (17.2%) > manganese (Mn) (14.1%) > water (W) = phosphorus (P) = potassium (K) = iron (Fe) = copper (Cu) > nitrogen (N) (?4.3%) > ammonium (NH₄₎ (?4.7%) > zinc (Zn) (?12%) > boron (B) (?21.4%) > S (?75.2%). In the root, the relative impact was: N = K = Ca = Zn = B > P (?12.7%) > NO₃ (?14.7%) > NH₄ (?18.4%) > W (?27.8%) > Mn (?34.4%) > Mg (?37.5%) > Fe = Cu (?40.5%) > S (?126.6%). Both models produced the same conclusions.     

玉米秸秆隔离层对西辽河流域盐碱土碱化特征及养分状况的影响

自2008年开始用采自通辽市花吐古拉的盐碱土进行玉米秸秆隔离层处理,并种植大麦,分析4年盐碱土养分及碱化指标变化情况.结果表明:A3 B1处理(玉米秸秆用量6 kg/m2,掩埋深度为10 cm)的改良效果最佳,经过4年的玉米秸秆隔离层生态修复,土壤有机质含量比对照区增加了10.4 g/kg,碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别比对照区增加了43.2,56.0,102.7 mg/kg,pH值下降了2.19个单位,碱化度下降了37.3％,总盐量降低了2.251 g/kg;阳离子中K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量分别下降了78.6％,72.8％,81.5％,75.6％;阴离子中CO32-、HCO3、SO42-、Cl-含量分别下降了60.0％,75.5％,40.0％,65.5％.其他各处理区养分都得到不同程度的增加,碱化特征指标趋于良性改善.     

Sulfur,Boron, and Zinc Fertilization Effects on Grain and Straw Quality of Maize and Sorghum Grown in Semi-Arid Tropical Region of India

Experiments were conducted on-farm during two seasons (2003–2004) to determine the effects of sulfur (S), boron (B), and zinc (Zn) fertilization on the grain and straw quality of sorghum and maize grown under rainfed conditions in the semi-arid zone of India. The farmers' fields were deficient in S, B, and Zn; in addition the soils were low in organic matter and extractable phosphorus (P), but adequate in extractable potassium (K). Results showed that the applications of S, B, and Zn (SBZn) with nitrogen (N) and P (SBZn + NP) significantly increased the grain N, S, and Zn concentrations in maize and sorghum compared to farmer inputs (FI) and SBZn treatments; the results relative to P and B composition of the grain of the crops were not consistent and did not show any definite trend. The application of SBZn + NP over FI generally increased N, S, and Zn concentration in sorghum and maize straw compared to FI and SBZn treatments. The straw composition of the crops relative to P and B did not show a consistent trend. The results of this study along with the results of our earlier research demonstrate that balanced nutrition of rainfed crops not only increases yields but also enhances N, S, and Zn contents in grain and straw of these crops.     

北方夏玉米滴灌施肥一体化技术应用效果

为有效提高夏玉米水肥利用效率,通过田间试验对滴灌施肥一体化高效调控与利用技术进行系统的探究。结果表明,与常规漫灌(T1)相比,采用滴灌施肥一体化技术(T2和T3)可显著提高夏玉米大喇叭口期至灌浆期的叶面积指数;显著促进吐丝期至成熟期的干物质积累;在产量构成因素方面显著增加穗粗和穗粒数,并在一定程度上降低玉米穗的秃顶长度,进而显著提高夏玉米的产量。与T1相比,T2和T3增产5.32%～6.13%;水分利用效率提高36.10%～39.42%;氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别提高37.56%～35.29%、23.09%～30.30%、106.21%～121.51%。此外,采用滴灌施肥一体化技术可显著提高夏玉米生产经济效益。与T1相比,T2和T3可有效降低投产比,收益率平均提高4.71个百分点。在化肥用量较常规灌溉模式减少20%条件下,采用滴灌施肥一体化技术既能显著提高夏玉米产量,又能提高经济效益,是适宜在潮土区推广的一种高效节本增收的灌溉模式。     

Technology Transfer Model on Integrated Nutrient Management Technology for Sustainable Crop Production in High-Value Cash Crops and Vegetables in Northwestern Himalayas

Balh Valley in the northwestern Himalayas in India is well known for cultivation of high-value cash crops and vegetables. The Indo-German Agricultural Project executed four decades ago in the valley has been the driving force for agrarian development in the valley, but crops are still grown under nutrient-starved conditions, giving low productivity compared to national averages. To demonstrate and disseminate the integrated nutrient management (INM) technology in the irrigated ecosystem of Balh Valley, efforts were funded by the Indian Farmers' Fertilizers Cooperative Limited (IFFCO) to develop sustainable crop production systems under cash crops and vegetables following an appropriate technology transfer model by Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Sundernagar, India. For effective technology transfer, field demonstrations, method demonstrations, farmers' training camps, field days, and numerous field conventions were organized in addition to extending soil testing, literature supply, promotional seed and fertilizer input supply, and training of agro-cooperative society personnel who deal with seed and fertilizer input supply in the region. The greater extension gaps in tomato–blackgram and potato–Kharif onion crop sequences indicated need for effective technology transfer tools for high adoption of technology in these production systems in the valley. Potato–Kharif onion cropping system using INM technology resulted in greater system productivity in terms of blackgram equivalent yield (76.7q ha^?1) and gross (3,06,920 ha^?1) and net returns (2,22,295 ha^?1), followed by tomato–blackgram and green pea–okra production systems, respectively, using an appropriate technology transfer model. The study also revealed improvement in available nitrogen (N)–phosphorus (P)–potassium (K) and organic carbon (C) pool of the soils besides crop productivity and profitability in field trials under INM practices over farmers' practiced plots. Knowledge before the study about soil testing, dose and time of application of organics, chemical fertilizers, and their integrated use ranged from 9 to 41%, whereas knowledge increases after the study ranged between 55 to 88%. The INM technology adoption rate after 1 year of project completion ranged between 66 to 70%, whereas soil testing was done by only 35% of farmers. Thus, INM technology adoption rate was greater following the appropriate technology transfer model based on critical analyses of fertilizer use, existing production systems, and appropriate interventions for technology transfer. This comprehensive study under the IFFCO-KVK Collaborative Project attempts to highlight that an effective technology transfer model can play a key role in adoption of INM technology for sustainable production systems in the developing world, especially for resource- and knowledge-poor farmers of collateral socioagroeconomic environments of developing nations.     

Balanced Nutrient Management for Crop Intensification and Livelihood Improvement: A Case Study from Watershed in Andhra Pradesh,India

Soil health assessment of farmers’ fields in watershed villages in Medak district, Andhra Pradesh, India showed widespread deficiencies of sulfur (S), boron (B), and zinc (Zn) in addition to organic carbon and phosphorus (P). Participatory on-farm trials on soil test-based application of deficient Zn, B, and S along with nitrogen (N) and P during 2009 to 2012 significantly increased crop yields over farmers’ practice (FP)—by 31% to 45% in chickpea, 15% to 16% in cotton, 12% to 15% in paddy, and 8% to 9% in sugarcane. Total soluble sugars in sugarcane under balanced nutrition (BN) increased by 13%. Residual benefits of S, B, and Zn were observed in succeeding chilly crop (12% higher yield). Benefit to cost (B:C) ratios of BN ranged between 2.8 to 8.5 in chickpea, 2.6 to 4.4 in cotton, 2.3 to 2.9 in paddy, and 7.1 to 11.4 in sugarcane, indicating economic feasibility for scaling-up.     

Influence of Organic,Chemical, and Integrated Management Practices on Soil Organic Carbon and Soil Nutrient Status under Semi-arid Tropical Conditions in Central India

Soil organic carbon (SOC), macro- and micronutrient status, and nitrogen (N) mineralization were studied in a soil profile managed with organic (OMP), chemical (CMP), and integrated (IMP) management practices for 3 years (2004–7) under a soybean–durum wheat cropping sequence. The most significant buildup of SOC and nutrients was in OMP, followed by IMP and then CMP. The OMP had 15.8 and 7.3% more SOC content than the CMP and IMP, respectively. The concentration of nitrate N was significantly greater in the OMP and IMP than in the CMP. The amount of ammonium N was less than nitrate N in OMP and IMP, indicating the high nitrification ability of the soil. A buildup of the micronutrient cation content was also noticed in the surface layer in the OMP and IMP plots. The OMP and IMP had a significantly greater mineralization rate of N than did CMP, and it was greatest in the top 0- to 15-cm soil layer.     

适宜套作玉米品种的物质积累与分配特性

为明确适宜套作玉米品种的干物质积累分配特性,以套作减产率较高的玉米品种(珍禾玉1号、众望玉18)、套作减产率较低的玉米品种(荣玉1210)为试验材料,设置套作和单作两种种植模式,利用¹³C同位素示踪法,研究适宜套作玉米品种在套作模式下的产量及产量构成、干物质积累与分配特点。结果表明,套作减产率较高的玉米品种在套作与单作条件下的产量差异达显著水平,两年平均减产率为20.40%,而套作减产率较低的玉米品种产量在两种模式下产量差异不显著。套作减产率较高的玉米品种在套作条件下的花后干物质同化量和收获指数与单作相比分别下降了21.18%、11.24%,而套作减产率较低的玉米品种在套作模式下的花后干物质同化量和收获指数较单作分别提高了48.14%、2.42%。两类品种在套作条件下宽行穗位叶¹³C向穗分配比例较窄行高5.96%,向茎秆和穗位叶的分配分别减少5.01%、0.13%,套作减产率较低的玉米品种窄行穗位叶¹³C向穗的转移率比套作减产率较高的玉米高10.90%,但向茎秆的转移率降低了8.98%。因此,与单作相比,两类品种在套作条件下,套作减产率较低的玉米品种能够维持较高的花后干物质积累量,光合产物向籽粒的分配比例提高,收获指数增加,且套作大豆产量显著提高,实现了套作双高产的目标。本研究结果为筛选与培育适宜套作玉米品种提供了理论依据。     

太行山山前平原冬小麦和夏玉米灌溉指标研究

根据1998～2001年的田间试验,研究了太行山山前平原高产农区主要作物冬小麦和夏玉米耗水量与产量和水分利用效率的关系,确定了这两种作物不同生育期水分敏感指数和允许的土壤水分下限指标和有限供水条件下的优化供水制度。并通过对叶片水势和冠气温差的测定,建立了这两种指标与作物水分亏缺程度的关系,形成指导农田灌溉的土壤指标、冠气温差指标和叶片水势指标体系