Effect of the Substrates on the Production of Engrafted Vine Cuttings in Heated Greenhouses

This article highlights the results of a long-term research project on the production of grape stalks engrafted by the desk method. The integrated impact of rootstock varieties, modes of stratification, and different substrates on vegetating vine cuttings, raised in heated greenhouses, and the capacity of their acclimatization after planting was studied. The results of the research show that rootstock variety and modes of stratification influence the output of engrafted vegetating cuttings of vines grown in pots using various substrates. In particular, the engrafted cuttings of variety Rkatsiteli produced on two rootstocks, 5 BB and 101-14, passed stratification (a) in sawdust with local electroheating, (b) on the water with its periodic change, and (c) in the layer of perlite. After preplanting preparations they were planted in pots with six different substrates: (1) soil (control); (2) perlite; (3) sawdust; (4) rice husk + soil + sand (1:1:1); (5) peat + soil + sand (1:1:1); and (6) mold + soil + sand (1:1:1). The cuttings were grown with a covered root system in a heated greenhouse for 35–40 days. Forty-day-old vegetating cuttings, after hardening, were planted into the open ground. Specialties were established during the root and shoot formation on vegetating nursery plant grafts during the rooting period. Optimal substrates for growing engrafted cuttings with a covered root system in heated greenhouses for each rootstock and stratification mode were determined.     

以水基钻屑为骨料的人造基质的物理性状与淋洗脱盐效应研究

为研究水基钻屑土壤化利用的可行性,本文通过将西南某页岩气田水基钻屑与当地的腐熟污泥及紫色土按一定配比形成人造基质,利用室内土柱模拟试验进行两次定量淋洗以研究其物理性状与脱盐效应。结果表明:腐熟污泥的混入对人造基质物理性状有明显的影响,随着腐熟污泥配比的提高,人造基质的初始全盐量增大,容重减小;腐熟污泥的加入会显著降低人造基质的平均下渗速率。经过两次淋洗后各人造基质的脱盐率均大于70%,除水基钻屑︰腐熟污泥=10︰2、水基钻屑︰腐熟污泥=10︰4、水基钻屑︰腐熟污泥︰土壤=10︰2︰1外,其余各人造基质的剩余全盐量均低于2 g/kg;pH为8.0～8.6。由平均下渗速率、容重、pH和全盐量等指标可知,经过两次淋洗后以水基钻屑为骨料、辅配腐熟污泥或当地紫色土的人造基质具有良好的关键物理性状。     

油菜素甾醇对沟叶结缕草长期培养愈伤组织生长和再生的影响

为了维持长期培养植物愈伤组组织的高再生率,以应用于体细胞无性系进行变异筛选.本研究以继代15年的沟叶结缕草[Zoysia matrella(L.)Merr.]胚性愈伤组织为材料,用不同浓度的表油菜素内酯(EBL)处理,研究油菜素甾醇(BR)对其生长和再生的影响,选出可提高长期离体培养愈伤组织生长及再生效率的最优EBL浓...     

风兰丛芽高效诱导及植株再生研究

为了建立高效、稳定的风兰(Neofinetia falcata)丛芽诱导体系,以非共生性萌发所获得的风兰愈伤组织和原球茎(PLB)混合物为材料,改良的MS为基本培养基,附加不同植物激素及天然附加产物,进行单因素试验,选取适宜风兰生长的各因素种类和质量浓度范围,进而通过正交及完全组合试验,研究不同植物激素种类及其质量浓度和天然附加产物对其愈伤组织诱导和增殖、丛芽发生及植株再生的影响。结果表明,较适宜的非共生性萌发培养基为改良的MS+活性炭(AC)0.5 g·L^-1,在该培养基中种子培养75 d即可获得大量原球茎;原球茎在改良的MS+6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA) 0.5 mg·L^-1+萘乙酸(NAA) 0.5 mg·L^-1+苹果泥30 g·L^-1+AC 0.5 g·L^-1中培养70 d,诱导出的愈伤组织大量增殖,随后由原球茎产生大量丛芽,愈伤增殖系数6.84,丛芽发生率98.96%;将诱导出的丛芽转接至相同培养基中,以"芽繁芽"方式增殖,其增殖系数可达4.36。无菌苗生根则在改良的M...     

红薯藤及其生物质炭还田对旱地红壤微生物活性及养分含量的影响

为探究红薯藤及其生物质炭还田对旱地红壤微生物活性及养分含量的影响,通过田间定位试验,设置5个处理:(1)常规处理(CK);(2)3000 kg/hm2红薯藤还田(S1);(3)6000 kg/hm2红薯藤还田(S2);(4)1000 kg/hm2红薯藤生物质炭还田(BC1);(5)2000 kg/hm2红薯藤生物质炭还...     

影响玉米幼胚愈伤组织再生率的因素分析

为探讨影响玉米幼胚愈伤组织的再生率的因素,本试验以3个优良玉米自交系为材料,对影响幼胚的胚性愈伤组织诱导率、克隆指数和分化率的因素进行了研究。结果表明,3个玉米自交系幼胚的愈伤诱导率差异极显著。 生长环境对975-12影响显著,对18-599和416051影响不显著。18-599和416051的胚大小为2mm时II型胚性愈伤组织的诱导率最高,而975-12在胚大小为2.5mm时II型胚性愈伤诱导率最高。3个自交系的克隆指数和分化率一般在第3或第4代时达到最大值。综合分析表明,18-599和416051这2个自交系具有愈伤组织诱导率高、克隆能力强、易分化的优点,是玉米转基因研究中具有潜在利用价值的优良自交系。     

江南牡丹茎段愈伤组织诱导与植株再生

为探讨不同培养基、不同植物生长调节剂对江南牡丹茎段愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的影响,本研究以江南牡丹凤丹幼嫩茎段为材料,通过愈伤组织途径建立了植株再生体系。结果表明:改良MS培养基为牡丹茎段愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基,愈伤组织最高诱导率为93.3%,最佳的培养基组合为改良MS+2,4-D0.2mg·L-1+6-BA2.0 mg·L-1+NAA0.3 mg·L-1。在愈伤组织分化过程中,加入KT0.2mg·L-1效果最好,有机物也能促进愈伤组织分化,其中加入水解酪蛋白300 mg·L-1效果最佳。牡丹茎段愈伤组织分化培养基为改良MS+KT0.2 mg·L-1+6-BA0.3 mg·L-1+NAA0.1 mg·L-1,分化率为37.8%,牡丹愈伤组织不定芽在1/2MS+IBA0.2 mg·L-1条件下能够诱导生根,诱导率为最高的13.3%。本研究结果将为进一步开展江南牡丹的高效再生体系和转基因育种等研究提供技术支持和理论依据。     

Effect of Particle Size and Reused Organic Substrates on Tomato Crop Production

The bagasse of mezcal maguey and the fiber of coconut fruit are organic byproducts of the mezcal and copra agro-industries in Oaxaca, Mexico. The effects of different particle sizes and prior usage times as substrates on the production and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) were studied. Three independent and simultaneous experiments were conducted in multi-tunnel greenhouses. Three prior growing cycles of tomato crop, each 150 days in length days of use (DOU), were used for the usage time experiments with mezcal maguey bagasse as the growth medium. In the first experiment, tomato plants grown on substrate with 150 DOU produced the highest yields, the largest number of commercial quality fruits and the fewest non-commercial quality fruits. In the second experiment, the combination of fine particle size and maguey bagasse substrate with 150 DOU produced the highest yields. In the third experiment, fine and medium-sized particles of maguey bagasse and coconut fiber produced the highest yields. The data indicate that both coconut fiber and mezcal maguey bagasse can be used as substrates for tomato cultivation without affecting fruit quality; furthermore, the use of fine and medium-sized particles increases production. Maguey bagasse with up to 150 DOU as a substrate is best for culture, as prior usage beyond this length of time negatively affects production.     

不同栽培基质对羊肚菌产量和营养成分的影响

[目的]研究不同栽培基质对羊肚菌子实体产量和营养成分的影响,为宁南山区羊肚菌实用栽培技术应用提供科学依据.[方法]设置生土和表土为对照组,以生土+羊粪(比例3∶1)、生土+香菇菌糠(比例3∶1)为试验组栽培羊肚菌,对其子实体产量、农艺性状和营养成分的含量进行测定.[结果]香菇菌糠处理组出菇密度最大且产量最高(2500 ...     

盐胁迫下表油菜素内酯对沟叶结缕草愈伤组织生长和再生的影响

表油菜素内酯(EBL)在促进植物生长发育及提高植物抗逆性方面发挥着重要作用。本研究以沟叶结缕草[Zoysia matrella(L.) Merr.]胚性愈伤组织为材料,采用不同浓度NaCl进行盐胁迫处理,并在不同盐胁迫下加入不同浓度的EBL,分析EBL对沟叶结缕草愈伤组织生长和再生,以及愈伤组织和再生植株叶片中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧岐化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,当NaCl浓度≥0.6%时,沟叶结缕草愈伤组织生长受到抑制;当NaCl浓度≥0.4%时,沟叶结缕草愈伤组织再生受到抑制。在盐胁迫下,加入0.05 mg·L^-1EBL对愈伤组织生长的促进效果最显著,加入0.02 mg·L^-1EBL对愈伤组织再生的促进效果最显著。当NaCl浓度为0.6%时,经0.05 mg·L^-1 EBL处理,沟叶结缕草愈伤组织的直径增长率升高51.74%,鲜重增长率升高49.73%;当NaCl浓度为0.4%时,经0.02 mg·L^-1EBL处理,愈伤再生成苗数提高38.1...     

蚯蚓和基质种类对人工湿地植物根系特征及净化效果的影响

选择4种常见的人工湿地基质（沙、沙＋土、有机质＋沙、有机质＋沙＋土）,研究加入蚯蚓后不同基质对黄菖蒲最长根长、根体积和基质总孔隙度及其净化CODMn能力的影响。结果表明,不同基质上黄菖蒲的最长根长、根体积存在差异,以有机质＋沙基质上黄菖蒲的最长根长、根体积最大,而沙子基质上黄菖蒲的最长根长、根体积最小,两处理间存在显著差异（P〈0.01）。加入蚯蚓能增加黄菖蒲的最长根长、根系体积、总孔隙度和CODMn的去除率。相关分析显示,黄菖蒲的最长根长、根体积与总孔隙度呈显著正相关（P〈0.01）,且根系体积、最长根长与CODMn去除率也呈显著正相关（P〈0.01）。     

Optimizing the Physical and Chemical Properties of Growing Media for the Rooting of Cuttings of Acacia Mearnsii (de Wild)

Rooting media were evaluated to identify problems contributing to poor rooting. Seven media combinations of coir and perlite were investigated, including two sources of coir (‘CG’ and ‘GS’). Final rooting results showed that the 2:1 (‘CG’ coir: perlite), with or without Osmocote® Start, and the 50:50 (‘GS’ coir: perlite) medium supported the best rooting results (19.49%, 19.79% and 17.11%, respectively). Differences between the two sources of coir (‘CG’ and ‘GS’) were evident, with ‘GS’ coir having higher electrical conductivity (EC) levels (0.35 versus 0.28 dsm^?1). Greater rooting was also observed in the medium with the ‘CG’ coir, when comparing the 2:1 (‘CG’ coir: perlite) with Osmocote® Start and the 70:30 (‘GS’ coir: perlite) medium. A decline in rooting was observed as the ratio of coir to perlite increased. The media combinations that supported the most rooting had air-filled porosities between 25 and 35% and ECs between 0.2 and 0.4 dsm^?1 at Week 0.     

红比利时杜鹃愈伤悬浮颗粒瞬时转化体系构建及植株再生

为建立红比利时杜鹃花愈伤悬浮颗粒瞬时转化体系,以嫩叶为材料,探讨了愈伤组织诱导与增殖的条件,构建并评价了愈伤悬浮颗粒瞬时转化体系,同时诱导愈伤颗粒出芽、生根,并获得组培小苗。结果表明,在2.41 g·L^-1木本植物基本培养基(WPM)+20 g·L^-1蔗糖+10 g·L^-1麦芽糖+7.0 g·L^-1琼脂+0.050 mg·L^-1植物组培抗菌剂(PPM)为基本培养基的条件下,嫩叶愈伤组织诱导的生长调节剂最优方案为:0.3 mg·L^-1 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)+0.3 mg·L^-1 噻重氮苯基脲(TDZ),此时愈化率可达97.78%;愈伤组织继代增殖的生长调节剂方案为:0.61 mg·L^-12,4-二氧苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)+0.65 mg·L^-1 6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)+1.37 mg·L^-1 TDZ,此时增殖率可达167%。将继代5次后呈疏松状的愈伤颗粒接种于液体继代培养基中,大约4~12 d后愈伤颗粒进入指数生长阶段,增殖率为45%。含有GUS基因的pRI 101-AN与含有GFP基因的pCAMBIA1301-GFP分别在农杆菌GV3101介导下转化处于指数生长期的愈伤悬浮颗粒,OD₆₀₀为0.6的农杆菌侵染液侵染15 min后,愈伤颗粒的GUS染色效率为26.28%,愈伤颗粒的GFP荧光表达效果明显。另外,以2.41 g·L^-1 WPM+7 g·L^-1琼脂+20 g·L^-1 蔗糖为基本培养基,添加2.0 mg·L^-1TDZ + 0.5 mg·L^-1 2,4-D时,可诱导愈伤组织不定芽;以1/2 Read为基本培养基,添加0.5 mg·L^-1 IBA+1 g·L^-1活性炭可诱导出芽的愈伤颗粒生根。本研究结果为进一步开展红比利时杜鹃花稳定遗传转化研究和转基因植株培育奠定了基础。     

细胞分裂素对沟叶结缕草愈伤组织生长及其抗氧化系统的影响

为探究细胞分裂素对长期继代培养的愈伤组织细胞系分裂、增殖的影响,以及对梢和根的诱导作用,以继代10年的沟叶结缕草愈伤组织为材料,研究0~0.20 mg·L~(-1)的6-苄基氨基嘌呤(BA)、激动素(KT)、玉米素(ZT)、反式玉米素核苷(ZR)、噻苯隆(TDZ)及正交设计组合对其生长和再生的影响。结果表明,继代培养4周后,愈伤组织鲜重增长率最高的处理是0.10 mg·L~(-1)BA+0.20 mg·L~(-1)KT+0.15 mg·L~(-1)ZT+0.10 mg·L~(-1)TDZ,达到331.3%,略高于0.10 mg·L~(-1)KT(315.0%),但差异不显著。以1/2MS+30.0 g·L~(-1)蔗糖+3.0 g·L~(-1)Phytagel为基本培养基,添加不同浓度的5种细胞分裂素再生培养6周,再生率和再生梢总数最高的是含0.15 mg·L~(-1)ZT的培养基,再生率为60.3%,再生梢总数为142.0个,分别是对照的2.41倍和3.67倍。再生过程中过氧化物酶(POD)活性(6.694~14.569U·g~(-1)FW·min-1)显著低于对照(20.802~32.303 U·g~(-1)FW·min-1),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的峰值(382.353 U·g~(-1)FW·min-1)显著高于对照(326.760 U·g~(-1)FW·min-1),而第3周再生高峰期过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(0.312 U·g~(-1)FW·min-1)显著高于对照(0.141 U·g~(-1)FW·min-1)。因此,适宜浓度的细胞分裂素不仅显著促进愈伤组织的生长和分化,也明显影响抗氧化酶的活性。合理调控SOD和POD活性有助于提高胚性愈伤组织的再生能力,为沟叶结缕草现代育种提供基础资料。     

桧状青霉原生质体制备和再生的研究

本文对桧状青霉H16的原生质体制备和再生的相关影响因子进行了初步的研究。结果表明：于30℃,转速为200 r/min的SDYS培养基中培养了16 h的菌丝,经S1溶液洗涤后,在1 mol/L的NaCl为等渗溶液,采用浓度为10 mg/mL的酶液,酶解温度为35℃,转速为100 r/min的条件下处理1.5 h时原生质体量达到最佳,本实验范围内最高达到6×106个/mL;同时,选取含有25 mmol/L Ca2＋的改良的察氏培养基培养经S2洗涤的原生质体时,原生质体可以达到较佳的再生率,本实验范围内最高达到24.3%。该研究为桧状青霉后期的菌株改造和遗传转化体系的建立奠定了基础。     

Effect of Substrate Reutilization on Yield and Properties of Melon and Tomato Crops

Certain ecologically-friendly substrates have recently been shown to be perfectly viable alternatives to other more traditional ones such as rockwool, perlite, or some hydroponic systems. However, in order to be competitive for vegetable production in the Mediterranean region, substrates must be used for at least one year. The present study assessed random samples of two commercial substrates, almond shell and compost from greenhouse vegetable residue. The substrates were evaluated as growing media for long-term soilless production. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of reusing these substrates, comparing them with rockwool in terms of yield and fruit quality characteristics of melon and tomato. The physical, physico-chemical, and chemical properties studied differed significantly on reutilizing these materials. However, these differences did not prove to be limiting factors when fertigation parameters applied were adjusted according to substrate properties. The results suggest that compost and commercial almond shells seem to be acceptable growing media after at least 265 and 530 days of reutilization, respectively.     

沟叶结缕草愈伤组织生长及再生对铜胁迫的响应

为探索不同胁迫对沟叶结缕草(Zoysia matrella[L.]Merr.)愈伤组织生长及再生的影响,以继代了9年的胚性愈伤组织为材料,以MS(murashige and skoog)为基本培养基添加不同浓度的铜(Cu2+),研究其对继代培养中愈伤组织的直径、鲜重增长率和再生培养中的植株再生率,以及愈伤组织及再生植株根和叶的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性、铜含量、叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,在铜浓度为10.0μM时,愈伤组织直径、鲜重增长率、植株再生率及叶绿素含量均达最大值;愈伤组织可生长和再生的铜的临界浓度分别在300.0~500.0μM、50.0~100.0μM间。经长期处理(12周)的愈伤组织和24周再生的植株叶片和根系中,4种抗氧化活性酶活性和MDA含量在10.0μM下均为最低;经短期处理(10 d)的愈伤组织,SOD、POD、APX的活性及MDA含量持续上升,而CAT先上升后下降。愈伤组织、再生植株叶片和根系中铜含量随培养基中铜浓度的升高而增加。本试验为进一步筛选耐铜突变体提供了试验依据。     

黄土丘陵区人工油松林下植物多样性和更新调查

采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,对黄土丘陵区45a人工油松林下的植物组成、多样性及幼苗更新等方面进行了研究,探讨了坡向和不同干扰对林下植物多样性和幼苗更新的影响。结果表明,阴、阳坡林下的物种组成相似性系数达到74%;原状林与去枯落物林,原状林与采伐上层乔木林地的相似性系数分别为74%和38%。灌木的物种丰富度(S)、多样性指数(H,D)在不同坡向表现为:阴坡>阳坡;均匀度指数(J)表现为:阳坡<阴坡,草本的各项指数均表现为:阴坡>阳坡;3种处理下灌木的丰富度、多样性指数均表现为:去枯落物林>原状油松林>采伐上层乔木林,均匀度指数表现为:采伐上层乔木林>去枯落物林>原状林,草本各项指数均表现为:去枯落物林>采伐上层乔木林>原状林。采伐上层乔木林下幼苗更新最好,在阴坡表现出良好的更新能力。     

不同基质去除水中氮、磷的作用机理及效应

对粉煤灰、矾土、活性炭、蛭石和火烧石5种基质的元素含量和表面化学性状进行了研究,并比较了这5种基质对P和NH4+-N的吸附性能。结果表明:粉煤灰呈碱性,具有较高的Fe、Ca含量,胶体氧化铁和水溶性Ca含量也最高,矾土呈酸性,Al含量和游离氧化铝含量最高,蛭石和火烧石呈中性,其中蛭石含有21.6%的Mg,活性炭比表面积最大。Langmuir等温吸附曲线方程能够对上述基质的P、NH4+-N吸附过程进行了很好的拟合,其中P理论饱和吸附量由大到小依次为粉煤灰>矾土>火烧石>活性炭>蛭石,NH4+-N饱和吸附量由大到小依次为蛭石>粉煤灰>火烧石>活性炭>矾土。双元素(P和NH4+-N)溶液下,基质对P或NH4+-N的理论饱和吸附量较单元素(P或NH4+-N)溶液下要低。在5种基质中,粉煤灰对P、NH4+-N的综合吸附能力较强,推荐其作为水体N、P污染修复的首选基质。     

玉米幼胚离体培养和植株再生

系统研究了不同材料、不同培养基对玉米幼胚愈伤组织诱导及继代分化、植传再生的影响，结果发现，8个玉米自交系幼胚均能诱导出愈伤组织。但在继代过程中差异较大。将能继代的愈伤组织转入分化培养基进行生根培养。5010和综3自交系获得了再生植株。并且植株移栽可成活。