青年母猪九段二期培育程序之哺乳阶段管理技术

<正>哺乳阶段管理技术的核心还在于母猪,只有提高母猪的采食量,减少哺乳母猪断奶失重和掉膘,才能提高仔猪的断奶重,实现哺乳阶段生产效率的提高。青年母猪九段二期培育程序之哺乳阶段的技术管理,遵循"一个中心,两个基本点"的管理思路:以提高母猪采食量为中心,以提高仔猪断奶重和减少母猪断奶失重为基本出发点。重点关注相互关联、互为因果的三个指标,即母猪采食量、仔猪断奶重、母猪断奶失重。     

仔猪早期断奶技术的应用

仔猪早期断奶是集约化养猪生产中的一项重要技术,它能提高母猪的繁殖率、栏舍利用率,减少疾病由母猪向仔猪的垂直传播,并能提高仔猪生长期的生产性能和胴体品质.在养猪业发达国家,仔猪早期断奶技术已得到普及应用.在国内,由于受到环境条件、饲料品质、管理水平等因素的制约,常出现腹泻、采食量低、生长受阻、免疫力降低、死亡率高等仔猪早期断奶综合征,所以未得到广泛推广,多数猪场的仔猪断奶时间仍选择在28～35d.     

提高哺乳母猪采食量的营养调控策略

<正>哺乳母猪的泌乳量直接影响仔猪的健康和断奶成活率,而哺乳母猪足够的采食量是保障母猪奶水充足的前提和基础。随着炎热夏季的到来,如何提高哺乳母猪的采食量是猪场经营者必须关注的问题。除了做好饲养管理和疫病控制外,科学的营养调控策略成为猪场经营     

两种饲喂方式对哺乳母猪生产性能的影响研究

选取年龄、胎次、品种基本一致的哺乳母猪20头,随机分成对照组和试验组,试验分两批进行,每批10头。在相同的环境条件下,母猪自由饮水,饲喂同一哺乳母猪料。母猪分娩后4d内,采用原场饲养制度,逐步增加哺乳母猪采食量,第5天开始,对照组采用不限量饲喂,试验组采用限量和添加哺乳母猪补充料的饲喂方式,仔猪21日龄断奶。结果显示:两组仔猪21日龄的断奶窝重、母猪断奶后再发情时间和母猪哺乳失重等差异均不显著(P>0.05)。     

科技创造生产力——养猪强国的希望从这里开始

广西海和种猪有限责任公司2012年10-11月母猪（其中2/3为第1胎母猪）哺乳期间日平均采食量为（7.22±0.21）kg,哺乳期失重（11.43±3.21）kg,断奶至发情间隔（3.58±1.21）d。从此,海和种猪有限公司的新美系种猪在哺乳期间的表现,生产成绩不断提高并稳定在一个较好的水平,到2013年5月该种猪公司母猪平均断奶窝产成活仔猪数在12头,断奶日龄21 d,平均断奶重在7 kg左右,母猪平均日采食量都在6 kg以上。海和种猪公司2013年已实现每头母猪平均断奶成活仔猪28头。     

两种饲喂方式对哺乳母猪生产性能的影响研究

选取年龄、胎次、品种基本一致的哺乳母猪20头,随机分成对照组和试验组,试验分两批进行,每批10头.在相同的环境条件下,母猪自由饮水,饲喂同一哺乳母猪料.母猪分娩后4 d内,采用原场饲养制度,逐步增加哺乳母猪采食量,第5天开始,对照组采用不限量饲喂,试验组采用限量和添加哺乳母猪补充料的饲喂方式,仔猪21日龄断奶.结果显示两组仔猪21日龄的断奶窝重、母猪断奶后再发情时间和母猪哺乳失重等差异均不显著(P>0.05).     

仔猪早期断奶对提高猪场经济效益的分析

母猪的泌乳量在3周龄左右达到泌乳高峰,仔猪通过早期诱食补饲,一般在15-21d可自由采食,21d后基本达到旺食阶段,为早期断奶提供了有利条件。仔猪早期断奶不仅可缩短母猪的哺乳时间及繁殖周期,从而提高母猪的繁殖率和年产仔数,增加母猪的年出栏育肥猪数量,同时还可以提高分娩舍的利用率,降低仔猪的生产成本,而且还能阻断某些传染病的传播,最大限度地提高猪场的经济效益。     

智能化饲喂模式对哺乳母猪采食量及生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究智能化饲喂模式对哺乳母猪采食量及生产性能的影响。选择胎次、膘情相近的健康母猪80头饲喂相同日粮,随机分为2组,每组40个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组采用人工投料饲喂,处理组采用智能化哺乳母猪饲喂器饲喂。试验期为产前7 d到仔猪28 d断奶,计35 d。检测哺乳母猪采食量及生产性能、哺乳仔猪生长性能。结果表明:与对照组相比,处理组哺乳母猪平均日采食量提高1.40 kg/d,哺乳母猪背膘损失减少1.52 mm,断奶至发情时间间隔减少1.1 d,哺乳期仔猪断奶个体重增加2.36 kg,日重增加244 g。结论 :采用智能化饲喂模式有利于提高哺乳期母猪的采食量,减少母猪背膘损失,减少断奶至发情时间间隔,改善母猪的泌乳性能,提高仔猪断奶重。     

仔猪断奶技术

1 断奶前母猪减料。仔猪断奶前的5～6d，每1d适当减少母猪精饲料的供给量，以减少母猪泌乳量，促使仔猪多吃饲料。减少精料喂量还可防止母猪发生乳房炎。2 仔猪断奶日龄必须适宜。以仔猪35～42日龄，体重达5kg以上，日采食量达150g以上断奶为宜。3 避免应激因素影响。仔猪进行免疫注射、割骟时应暂缓断奶，因为这些因素会加重断奶应激。体弱的仔猪应待体重和采食量达到断奶要求时，再行断奶。4 实行逐渐断奶法。为避免仔猪断奶后，因环境和营养方式变化而产生不适，要实行逐渐断奶法断奶。具体步骤为：第1d仔猪哺乳5～6次，吃完奶即与母猪分…     

提高哺乳母猪采食量和泌乳力的方法

哺乳母猪的泌乳量直接影响仔猪的健康和断奶成活率,而哺乳母猪足够的采食量是保障母猪奶水充足的前提和基础.如何提高哺乳母猪的采食量是经营者必须关注的问题,除了做好饲养管理和疫病控制外,科学的营养调控策略也是猪场经营可变因素中的关键.有效提高哺乳母猪采食量,减少其体重丢失,产出充足的乳汁,对促进仔猪正常生长发育、缩短断奶后母猪休情期和为下一胎生产创造更好条件,都是至关重要的,就提高哺乳母猪采食量和泌乳力的方法和有效措施进行了阐述.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.