转移矩阵法评价土壤团聚体的稳定性

团聚体稳定性是土壤的基本性质,反映了土壤肥力的高低。在3个合理假设的基础上,通过建立干筛和Yoder法湿筛结果之间的转移矩阵,并通过不同径级团聚体的保存率构造了团聚体稳定性指数。该稳定性指数与文献结果具有良好的一致性,说明了转移矩阵方法可用于土壤团聚体稳定性的评价。同时利用该方法分析了不同径级团聚体抗破裂能力大小,发现降雨模拟、干湿循环(1次)、干湿循环(10次)和Yoder湿筛法影响的团聚体粒径并不相同。>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量虽然在整体上与团聚体的稳定性具有良好的相关性,但并不是随着>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量的增高,每个径级范围的团聚体稳定性增强。该方法可充分利用团聚体分析所得的信息,为进一步认识土壤团聚体的稳定性提供方法支撑。     

The soil aggregates stability index (ASI) and its extreme values

A method for determining maximum–minimum values of the soil aggregates stability index (ASI) is presented. This allows for the calculation of the range of variations of the soil aggregates stability index for destructive changes of soil aggregation and for assuming criterion of the soil aggregation stability evaluation. The data used for the calculations are distributions of soil aggregate frequencies before and after destruction. On the base of the ASI, determined for the tested soil and the range of its possible variations, other indices that characterise the relative nature of aggregate variations have been defined. The presented methodology for the analysis of the soil aggregation stability index has been illustrated for three soils and various methods of water stability determination.     

黄土区草被生长过程中土壤抗冲性及其与影响因素的关系

采用室内盆栽与原状土冲刷相结合的方法,设置了裸地对照(CK)、低种植密度黑麦草(H1)和高种植密度黑麦草(H2)3种处理,对3种处理在不同生长阶段的土壤理化性质和根系变化进行研究,分析了黄土区草被生长过程中土壤抗冲性及其与影响因素的相关关系。结果表明:(1)处理CK的容重、有机质含量和水稳性团聚体在4个生长阶段波动变化,但变化范围较小;随生长周期的延长,H1和H2处理的土壤容重呈下降趋势,有机质含量、水稳性团聚体、根表面积密度(RSAD,root surface area density)和根生物量密度(RWD,root weight density)呈增加趋势;在4个生长阶段,H1和H2处理各根径的RSAD表现为随根系径级的增大而减小。(2)CK和H2处理的土壤抗冲指数(ASI,anti-scourability index)在4个生长阶段无显著性变化;H1处理的ASI随生长时间的延长表现为逐渐增加的趋势,且在第16周,对ASI的影响最显著。(3)ASI与土壤容重呈幂函数递减关系,与有机质含量、水稳性团聚体呈幂函数递增关系,与RSAD、RWD之间均呈指数递增函数关系。(4)ASI与容重、水稳性团聚体、1.0~2.0,2.0~5.0,5mm径级的RSAD之间均无显著差异,与有机质含量、RSAD及RWD呈显著正相关(p0.05),与1mm径级的RSAD呈极显著正相关(p0.01)。     

苎麻对红壤旱地土壤团聚体及其特性的影响

采用干、湿筛法研究了种植苎麻和花生对红壤旱地土壤团聚体及其特性的影响,并比较分析了土壤团聚体及土壤理化性质与地表径流和土壤侵蚀量的关系。结果表明:(1)与花生地相比,苎麻地有机质、田间持水量、总孔隙度、沙粒分别升高了28.44%,10.06%,5.65%和53.13%,土壤容重、粉粒和黏粒则分别降低了7.20%,14.85%和34.95%,均达显著性差异水平(p0.05)。(2)团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)、稳定性指数(ASI)显著升高(p0.01),苎麻地土壤团聚体稳定性优于花生地;(3)两处理均以0.25~1mm粒径团聚体保存几率最大,抗水蚀能力最强。(4)地表径流量和土壤侵蚀量与土壤有机质、沙粒含量、1mm的干团聚体、0.5mm的水稳性团聚体、MWD以及ASI呈极显著负相关关系(p0.01),而与粉粒、黏粒、0.25mm干团聚体、0.053mm的水稳性团聚体、呈极显著正相关关系(p0.01)。     

The relative contributions of soil hydrophilicity and raindrop impact to soil aggregate breakdown for a series of textured soils

Soil aggregate breakdown is the first key factor that causes soil erosion. At present, research on the mechanisms of soil aggregate breakdown during rainfall is common. However, the research to on quantifying the relative contributions of internal and external forces to aggregate breakdown remains limited. This paper was conducted to analyse the relative contribution of internal and external forces to aggregate disintegration and the factors affecting aggregate stability during rainfall. Soil aggregates with a series of textures were selected as test soil samples; deionized water was employed as the soaking solution and rainfall material in static disintegration experiments and rainfall simulation tests. The effect of internal force (soil hydrophilicity) on aggregate disintegration was analysed by the static disintegration method, and the combined effects of internal force (soil hydrophilicity) and external force (raindrop impact) on soil aggregate breakdown were analysed by rainfall simulation experiments. The results indicated that external force caused more severe soil aggregate breakdown than internal force, and the crushed aggregate was mainly distributed in the range of 2–0.25 mm. With increasing rainfall kinetic energy, the degree of aggregate breakdown increased gradually, and the degree of aggregation of the soil particles decreased gradually. Furthermore, soil aggregates with a high clay content (> 30%) were more stable than medium-clay (20–30%) and low-clay (< 20%) soil aggregates, and the correlation coefficient provided a good representation of the relationship between the clay content and soil aggregate stability index (ASI). Therefore, external force contributed more to soil aggregate breakdown than internal force during rainfall, and clay plays an important role in aggregate stability. The results of this study are of great significance for elaborating the mechanism and factors affecting aggregate breakdown.     

南亚热带不同母质发育土壤团聚体特征及其稳定性

团聚体是土壤的基本结构单位,其稳定性是评价土壤质量的重要指标。以南亚热带地区不同母质(石灰岩、第四纪红黏土、砂页岩)发育的土壤作为研究对象,采用湿筛法和LB法测定不同母质发育土壤团聚体稳定性特征。结果表明:(1)随着土层深度的增加,土壤容重呈上升趋势,而孔隙度、有机质和游离氧化铁含量呈下降趋势。砂页岩母质发育的土壤有机质含量最高,为22.44～42.97 g/kg。石灰岩和第四纪红黏土母质发育的土壤以黏粒(40.93%,42.51%)和粉粒(41.69%,42.31%)为主,砂页岩母质发育的土壤黏粒含量最低,为33.79%。(2)经湿筛法处理后,石灰岩母质发育土壤水稳性团聚体含量为91.58%～92.31%,第四纪红黏土母质发育土壤水稳性团聚体含量为76.45%～90.80%,砂页岩母质发育土壤水稳性团聚体含量为79.18%～86.67%,3种土壤团聚体的稳定性都随着土层深度增加而降低。(3)LB法处理后土壤团聚体MWD值均表现为慢速湿润处理预湿润振荡处理快速湿润处理,砂页岩母质发育的40—60 cm土层对消散和机械破碎作用最为敏感,其相对消散指数RSI和相对机械破碎指数RMI分别为0.78和0.42。不同母质土壤团聚体稳定性均与黏粒、有机质、游离态铁含量呈正相关。     

Effect of phenolic acids on the formation and stabilization of soil aggregates

ABSTRACT

To examine the effects of phenolic acids, which are generated by the decomposition of cell walls in plant residues, and other constituents on the stability of soil aggregates, phenolic acids and carbohydrates were mixed into three different types of soil. After a 1-month incubation, the plot containing soil mixed with phenolic acids showed the greatest mean weight diameter of all the soils. In the treated soils, before incubation, the decline of saturated water permeability during continuous water percolation was mitigated in the plot containing soil mixed with phenolic acids compared with that in the other plots. Soil aggregates were synthesized with the addition of phenolic acids and carbohydrates using two methods (mixing and surface brushing) and were incubated for 153 days. The aggregate stability was greatest in the plots surface-brushed with phenolic acids for Andosol and gray lowland soil, whereas the aggregate stability was most stable in the plots mixed with phenolic acids for yellow soil. This difference in the effectiveness of application methods is rationalized by the densities of the active Al and Fe contents, the carbon content, and the specific surface area of the soils. The phenolic acids also affected sandy soil. In a similar experiment using a gray lowland soil, mixing a portion of p-coumaric acid into synthetic aggregates was found to shift the molecular weight distribution of substances to larger molecular weights, as determined by size exclusion chromatography of the liquid extracted from the aggregates, which was likely accompanied by an increase in aggregate stability. The effects of fungi and bacteria on soil long-term stability were not greater than those of phenolic acids. Our findings and previous results show that microorganisms aid in soil-aggregate formation during the early stages, and phenolic acids not only aid in the formation of aggregates but also strongly stabilize them.     

季节性冻融对色季拉森林土壤团聚体稳定性的影响

为分析季节性冻融对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响,以藏东南色季拉山森林土壤为研究对象,通过野外控制性试验利用湿筛法测定团聚体组成,分析了0—10 cm, 10—20 cm, 20—30 cm深度土层各粒径团粒结构变化,以及土壤含水量(SWC),0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量(WSA)、平均质量直径(MWD)、平均几何直径(GMD)、分形维数D、可蚀性K值各指标之间的关系。结果表明：(1)季节性冻融导致大团粒含量减少,小团粒含量增加,土壤结构失调。(2)含水量是影响团聚体稳定性的重要因素之一。(3)季节性冻融作用整体上导致MWD,GMD变小,D值与K值变大,降低了土壤团聚体稳定性。(4)当土壤冻融次数在一定范围内STF-One中,WSA有所增加,土壤稳定性有所增强。(5)土壤团聚体WSA,MWD和GMD均与D值和K值呈负相关。(6)在SFT-Ys类型土壤中土壤结构变化,0.5 mm粒级是重要临界点。综上,研究为季节性冻融对土壤稳定性的影响提供数据支持,为冻土潜在受侵蚀情况提供理论依据。     

添加水稻秸秆对不同类型土壤团聚体分布和稳定性的影响

以不同类型土壤(红壤、潮土、砂姜黑土)为研究对象,通过室内模拟试验,研究水稻秸秆添加对3种类型土壤水稳性团聚体分布及稳定性的影响。培养温度为28℃,培养时间为120d。研究结果表明:未添加水稻秸秆的3种类型土壤(对照组),微团聚体(250μm)占主体,2 000μm粒级水稳性团聚体含量最少。与对照相比,添加水稻秸秆后促使2 000μm粒级水稳性团聚体显著增加(p0.05),大团聚体(250μm)占主体。红壤、潮土、砂姜黑土试验组250μm水稳性团聚体比对照组增加的比例分别为35.6%,41.1%,22.0%,潮土的增加比例最为明显。3种类型土壤水稳性团聚体的平均重量直径(MWD),几何平均直径(GMD)显著增加(p0.05),分形维数(D)值、土壤不稳定团粒指数(ELT)显著减少,土壤结构和抗侵蚀能力明显得到改善,潮土的稳定性指标变化最为明显,团聚体结构改善效果最好。3种类型土壤0.25mm(R0.25)水稳性团聚体含量与GMD,MWD间呈极显著正相关关系(p0.001)。     

汾河流域下游不同土地利用方式下优先流区与基质流区土壤团聚体稳定性分析

优先流是水分和溶质在土壤中非均质性运移的普遍现象,但对其形成的优先流区和基质流区土壤团聚体稳定性的研究还较少。为了阐明土壤团聚体破碎机制的差异,研究以汾河流域下游农田、撂荒地和果园3种土地利用方式为对象,采用野外染色示踪法与Le Bissonnais(LB)法分析了土壤染色区分下优先流区与基质流区土壤团聚体稳定性特征。结果表明:土壤染色率主要分布在0—30 cm土层,在10—30 cm土层果园显著高于撂荒地。LB处理的>0.25 mm团聚体含量和平均重量直径(MWD)在不同土地利用方式下表现为果园>农田>撂荒地,相对消散指数(RSI)和相对机械破碎指数(RMI)则有相反的趋势。优先流区在10—20 cm土层比基质流区具有更强的团聚体稳定性以及抵抗消散作用和机械破坏能力。土壤染色率与快速湿润的MWD呈显著负相关,与RSI呈显著正相关。研究表明果园比农田和撂荒地具有更好的优先流特征和团聚体稳定性,并且优先流区抗团聚破碎能力比基质流区更强,这将有利于维持优先流途径稳定性。     

湿筛过程中分散液的质量对土壤团聚体稳定性影响

【目的】土壤团聚体是土壤结构的基本单元,决定着土壤在生态系统中的作用和功能。保持良好的结构状态和稳定的结构性能是确保土壤水、 肥、 气、 热肥力因子协调的基本条件。现代土壤管理中大量使用的化肥无机盐以及灌溉水体富含的离子都会造成对团聚体的破坏,本文以富含有机质的黑土为研究对象,探索湿筛过程中分散溶液的质量对团聚体稳定性的影响。【方法】以氯化钠、 氯化钙和氯化铝3种不同价态的阳离子溶液为介质,采用改进的萨维若夫（Саввинов）法进行湿筛,设置0（不加盐去离子水,CK）、 0.1、 0.3、 0.5 mol/L 4个浓度水平,研究直径0.25 mm的土壤团聚体在不同阳离子盐溶液作用下的稳定性。【结果】不同盐溶液中黑土团聚体的稳定性差异很大。在氯化钠盐溶液中,黑土团聚体的盐破坏率（PAD0.25/w）均为正值,且随钠盐溶液浓度的增大而增加,在浓度为0.1、 0.3和0.5 mol/L的氯化钠溶液中分别为0.21%、 10.7%和14.4%。在氯化钙溶液和氯化铝溶液中,黑土PAD0.25/w均为负值, 氯化钙溶液中PAD0.25/w的绝对值随着盐浓度的增大而减小,氯化铝溶液中PAD0.25/w的绝对值均在51%以上。【结论】一价盐溶液加剧了0.251 mm黑土团聚体的分散,但能够保护直径1 mm以上的团聚体,而二价盐和三价盐溶液对团聚体的分散有明显的抑制和保护作用。     

土壤原始颗粒对不同破碎机制下团聚体稳定性的影响

土壤团聚体是土壤结构的基本单元,其稳定性是描述土壤抵抗外力破坏作用的重要指标.目前常用的团聚体测定方法很少考虑到土壤原始颗粒对其不同破碎机制下稳定性的影响.以两种不同质地团聚体特征差异明显的壤质砂土和砂质黏壤土为研究对象,对土壤全样进行快速湿润(FW)、预湿润后震荡(WS)以及慢速湿润(SW)三种处理方式预处理以研究团...     

基于高能水分特性法的土壤团聚体结构稳定性研究进展

土壤团聚体稳定性是影响土壤质量、入渗、抗侵蚀能力及根系生长的重要土壤物理性质,同时也是判断土壤是否退化的重要指标。目前国内外关于团聚体稳定性的研究以分析团聚体水稳性为主,团聚体结构稳定性相关研究较少,而使用高能水分特性法(HEMC)测定团聚体结构稳定性重现性高,可检测不同处理间微小差异且试验及计算过程精准可控,在国外已有较多研究。研究通过HEMC法分析了土壤改良剂、土地利用与土壤管理和不同土壤理化性质下团聚体结构稳定性的特征及影响因子,结果表明不同处理间土壤团聚体结构稳定性差异较明显,且有机质与黏粒含量是影响团聚体结构稳定性的主要因素,而国内还鲜有相关报道。该研究就HEMC方法的原理、测定过程、数据处理、指标计算及相关研究进展进行了总结,并结合我国大力提倡保护耕地资源、修复退化土壤及实施植被恢复的大背景,对利用该方法进行土壤结构、土壤质量、土壤抗蚀性等方面的研究提出了一些建议,期望能够推广利用该方法,为土壤质量演变、构建和评价健康土壤提供基础数据支持。     

快速湿润过程中钾和钙离子浓度对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响

为探索土壤团聚体稳定性对电解质的响应情况,该文研究湖北省2种土地利用方式下(林地、耕地)的3种类型土壤(黄褐土、黄棕壤、棕红壤)团聚体,在不同浓度(0、0.005、0.01、0.02、0.05、0.08、0.10、0.20 mol/L)电解质(KNO_3、Ca(NO_3)_2)溶液中快速湿润时的稳定性和破碎过程。结果表明:1)浓度低于0.1 mol/L时,团聚体稳定性随电解质浓度增大而减小;2)团聚体稳定度AS随湿润时间呈双指数衰减,与纯水相比,棕红壤和林地黄褐土的破碎过程受电解质溶液影响尤为显著,黄褐土和耕地黄棕壤在电解质溶液中迅速全部破碎;3)初始阶段团聚体破碎能量与土壤粉粘比和有机质含量呈负相关,与铁铝氧化物含量呈正相关。总之,团聚体稳定性随电解质溶液浓度增大而减小,且相对于纯水,团聚体在电解质溶液中破碎更快。     

元江干热河谷典型林草地优先流区和基质流区土壤团聚体特征

[目的]明晰干热河谷区土壤优先流对红壤团聚体特征及其稳定性的影响,为该区植被恢复和水土流失防治提供理论依据。[方法]以元江干热河谷典型地段龙潭箐流域内的银合欢林地、扭黄茅荒草地为研究对象,基于染色示踪试验区分样地土壤优先流区和基质流区,利用干湿筛法结合分形理论分析两区内0—50 cm土层团聚体特征差异,并借助通径分析法表征各土壤理化因子对团聚体稳定性的影响。[结果]干湿筛后R_0.25团聚体含量从大到小顺序为林地优先流区>林地基质流区>荒草地优先流区>荒草地基质流区,平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)与R_0.25排序相同且呈现出随土层深度增加而减小的趋势,分形维数(D)与团聚体破坏率(PAD)则为相反规律并随土层加深D和PAD的值逐渐增大。对两区土壤团聚体稳定性影响较大的理化因子是土壤容重和黏粒含量,其决策系数分别为0.474和-0.644。[结论]荒草地土壤团聚体破坏率更高,土壤优先流区团聚体稳定性优于基质流区;土壤团聚体稳定性主要受黏粒含量、容重、有机质等因子影响。     

Application of a novel method for soil aggregate stability measurement by laser granulometry with sonication

Aggregate stability is an important physical indicator of soil quality, and so methods are required to measure it rapidly and cost‐effectively so that sufficient data can be collected to detect change with adequate statistical power. The standard methods to measure water‐stable aggregates (WSA) in soil involve sieving, but these have limitations that could be overcome if the aggregates were measured with a laser granulometer (LG) instrument. We present a novel method in which a LG is used to make two measurements of the continuous size distribution (<2000 µm) of a sample of aggregates. The first measurement is made on the WSA after these have been added to circulating water (initial air‐dried aggregate size range 1000–2000 µm). The second measurement is made on the disaggregated material (DM) after the circulating aggregates have been disrupted with ultrasound (sonication). We then compute the difference between the mean weight diameters (MWD) of these two size distributions; we refer to this value as the disaggregation reduction (DR; µm). Soils with more stable aggregates, which are resistant to both slaking and mechanical breakdown by the hydrodynamic forces during circulation, have larger values of DR. We applied this method to six and ten sub‐samples, respectively, of soil aggregates (each ca. 0.3 g) from bulk soil material from two contrasting soil types from England, both under conventional tillage (CT). The mean DR values were, respectively, 178 and 30 µm, with coefficients of variation of 12.1 and 19% suggesting the DR value is reproducible for the small mass of soil used. We attribute the larger DR values to the greater abundance of micaceous clay minerals in one of the soils. The DR values computed for each Blackwater Drain (BD) sample after removal of organic matter (with hydrogen peroxide) were comparable to those subject to sonication suggesting that most of the aggregate structure is removed by sonication. We used aggregates (1000–2000 µm) from soil samples collected at 30 locations under CT (median soil organic carbon (SOC) = 1.4%) across two types of parent material in the Blackwater drain sub‐catchments of the Wensum catchment (Norfolk, UK). These soils had no coarse WSA, so we rescaled the size distributions to estimate DR for particle diameters <500 µm. Dithionite‐extractable iron concentration, plus a minor contribution from parent material class, accounted for 64% of the variation in rescaled DR highlighting the importance of crystalline iron oxyhydroxides for aggregate stability in this region where long‐term arable production has reduced top‐soil SOC concentrations. We discuss how this technique could be developed to monitor aggregate stability as a soil physical indicator.     

渭北黄土丘陵区人工林类型对土壤属性的影响

为了研究渭北黄土丘陵区人工林类型对土壤属性的影响,选取位于同一坡面上的刺槐纯林、油松纯林和苹果园土壤为研究对象,分析了土壤结构稳定性,土壤有机碳、无机碳和土壤呼吸等土壤属性在3种人工林土壤剖面的变化特征,并探讨了土壤有机碳和无机碳在水稳性团聚体形成中的作用。结果表明:3种人工林土壤团聚体破碎率均较高,各团聚体水稳性指标值、土壤有机碳含量、土壤呼吸在3个样地的顺序均为油松林>刺槐林>苹果园,土壤无机碳含量的顺序为刺槐林>苹果园>油松林。土壤有机碳和无机碳含量之间呈负相关关系,且二者分别与团聚体水稳性呈正相关和负相关关系,但同时,无机碳含量存在一个阈值,当低于或高于这一阈值时,其含量与团聚体水稳性分别呈正相关或负相关关系,因此,当无机碳含量较高时,应降低其含量,并提高土壤有机碳含量,以改善土壤结构,降低土壤遭受侵蚀的风险;土壤结构稳定性各指标之间及其与土壤有机碳含量和土壤呼吸呈极显著正相关关系。可见,人工林类型显著影响各项土壤属性,油松林在提高土壤质量方面的作用大于刺槐林。     

东北黑土区冻融作用对黑土水稳性团聚体的影响

Soil aggregate stability,an important index of the physical characteristics of a soil,can provide a good indication of a soil’s erodibility,and deserves special consideration in regions with cold climate.The objective of this study was to study the effect of freeze-thaw on soil water-stable aggregates in the black soil region of Northeast China.Samples of a typical black soil in the region were collected to measure water-stable aggregates after freeze-thaw under different conditions(i.e.,initial moisture contents,freezethaw cycles and freezing temperatures)by wet-sieving into eight particle size groups(10,10–6,6–5,5–3,3–2,2–1,1–0.5,and0.5–0.25 mm).Freeze-thaw had the most effect on aggregate stability when the samples had an initial moisture content of 400 g kg-1.The water-stable aggregates of the four larger particle size groups(5,5–3,3–2,and 2–1 mm)reached a peak stability value,but those of the two smaller particle size groups(1–0.5 and 0.5–0.25 mm)reached a minimum value when the soil moisture content was 400 g kg-1.Water-stable aggregates of the four larger particle size groups decreased while those of the two smaller particle size groups increased with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles.As temperatures fell,the water-stable aggregates of the four larger particle size groups decreased while those of the two smaller particle size groups increased.     

轮作休耕模式对土壤团聚体及有机碳含量的影响

为探究轮作休耕模式对红壤坡耕地团聚体稳定性及有机碳含量的影响,通过田间试验设置了休闲地、玉米单作、玉米-豌豆-玉米和玉米-苕子-玉米4个处理,分析了不同种植模式下土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳含量,结果表明:(1)不同种植模式下土壤机械稳定性和水稳定性团聚体组成均以≥0.25 mm粒径占比最高,机械稳定性团聚体占比在80.68%以上,水稳定性团聚体达到了77.05%以上,且≥0.25 mm团聚体所占比例大小顺序为:休闲地>玉米-豌豆-玉米>玉米-苕子-玉米>玉米单作。(2)根据不同团聚体稳定指数(MWD,GMD,R_0.25和PAD)显示,休闲地的团聚体稳定性最好,与玉米单作之间差异显著,且休闲地和玉米轮作两种模式下团聚体稳定性均优于玉米单作。(3)玉米单作土壤团聚体有机碳含量最低,玉米轮作和休闲地能显著提高有机碳含量,并且玉米-苕子-玉米轮作效果最优; ≥0.25 mm粒径范围的团聚体储存的有机碳含量最高。(4)通过对土壤水稳性团聚体稳定指数与有机碳含量的相关性分析表明,4个不同团聚体稳定指数与有机碳含量都呈极显著正相关关系,与R_0.25相关程度最高。研究结果可为试验区域坡耕地水土流失防治提供理论依据。     

祁连山区主要植被类型下土壤团聚体变化特征

土壤团聚体是反映土壤结构稳定性、肥力和质量状况的重要指标,与侵蚀过程、水土流失、环境质量密切相关,研究土壤的理化性质,对保护土壤资源、提高生产率、维护土壤生态系统平衡具有重要意义。以青藏高原北缘的祁连山区为研究对象,采集该区4种主要植被类型——荒漠、草原、草甸及灌丛的土壤,分析了不同植被类型的土壤团聚体指标,水稳定性团聚体质量百分数(percentage of water-stable aggregates,WSA)、平均质量直径(mean weight diameter,MWD)、几何平均直径(geometric mean diameter,GMD)、结构体破坏率(aggregate destruction rate,PAD)、平均重量比表面积(mean weight soil specific area,MWSSA)和分形维数随海拔高度和土壤深度的变化趋势。结果表明:0~30 cm土层WSA、MWD、GMD、MWSSA依次:荒漠<草原<草甸<灌丛,>30~40 cm土层植被类型对团聚体无显著影响(P>0.05);随土壤深度的增加,土壤团聚体稳定性和团聚度逐渐降低,土壤结构趋于恶化,草甸带表层土壤团聚体稳定性显著高于深层土壤(P<0.05);随海拔高度增大,在海拔1692~2800 m土壤团聚体逐渐稳定,土壤结构改善,在海拔2800~3639 m土壤团聚体稳定性逐渐降低,土壤结构趋于恶化。WSA、MWD和GMD受1~4 mm粒级主导作用,分形维数主要受0.038~0.25 mm粒级的影响,MWSSA不能准确分析该地区的团聚体水稳性。