大白菜—甘蓝异附加系的获得与鉴定

 异附加系是利用外源基因进行品种改良和基因组研究的重要材料。以大白菜—甘蓝异源三倍体（AAC）与二倍体大白菜（AA）回交一代为材料,经过细胞学鉴定,从中筛选出大白菜—甘蓝7号单体附加系CO-7-1和9号单体附加系CO-9-2。CO-7-1、CO-9-2自交后代中外源染色体出现频率分别为35.3%、20.0%。从CO-7-1的自交后代中分离鉴定出二体异附加系CO-7-1D的比率为11.8%。该异附加系的获得为分析大白菜和甘蓝的亲缘关系,进一步获得大白菜和结球甘蓝易位系、代换系提供了基础材料。     

附加甘蓝3号染色体的大白菜单体异附加系的获得与研究

 以大白菜—结球甘蓝异源三倍体杂交种（AAC）与二倍体大白菜（AA）的回交一代为材料,利用根尖体细胞核型分析法鉴定出大白菜—结球甘蓝3号单体异附加系;利用甘蓝连锁群特异SSR标记鉴定表明,该单体异附加系中的外源染色体与甘蓝的03连锁群相对应;该单体异附加系植株矮小,花枝细弱倒伏,花粉整齐度、花粉生活力和结籽率均较低,花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中存在染色体不均衡分离及染色体落后等现象。     

芥蓝—菜薹种间三倍体回交子代染色体数鉴定及单体异附加系的选育

为创造CC染色体组附加A染色体组的单体异附加系,以芥蓝—菜薹种间三倍体(CCA)为材料,采用人工杂交、形态和细胞学鉴定及核型分析等方法,比较了芥蓝—菜薹种间三倍体与其亲本芥蓝(CC)正、反交的结实性,分析了杂交子代的染色体数及频率分布,并对筛选出的单体异附加系进行了系统研究。结果表明:CCA×CC和CC×CCA的结籽率分别为0.28%和0.63%;在鉴定的88个CC×CCA的子代中,全部为2n=18的整倍体植株;在鉴定的156个CCA×CC的子代中,(2n+1)～(2n+9)等各类非整倍体均有存在,其中附加1条染色体的1个、附加2条染色体的16个;形态学标记鉴定和核型分析显示附加1条染色体的那个子代植株为单体异附加系CC+A9;在减数分裂终变期,单体异附加系CC+A9的A9染色体常与一对C组的染色体发生局部联会,两者间存在着部分同源关系;单体异附加系CC+A9的n+1雌、雄配子均有一定传递率,分别为18.75%和9.82%;单体异附加系CC+A9自交获得了1株双体异附加系。     

大白菜与芥菜型油菜种间杂种的获得与鉴定

以大白菜‘A03’(2n=2x=20,AA)和芥菜型油菜‘AABB’(2n=4x=36,AABB)为试材,通过杂交获得了大白菜-芥菜型油菜异源三倍体(2n=3x=AAB=28)。结果表明:该三倍体生长势较强;叶色均较亲本深,株型偏向于芥菜型油菜,叶片、花、花蕾同时兼具了两亲本性状。减数分裂行为观察表明,在终变期,一般形成二价体、单价体和多价体,A基因组和B基因组染色体表现出部分同源性;中期I存在1~8条游离染色体;后期I存在落后染色体、染色体丢失及姊妹染色单体提前分离等异常现象,分到两极的染色体数目之和多大于28条;后期II分到每极的染色体数变异为10~15条,大多数为12~13条,同时有染色体片段存在。大白菜-芥菜型油菜异源三倍体(AAB)的获得为创建AA+B染色体的异附加系和研究A、B基因组间的亲缘关系奠定了基础。     

黄瓜—酸黄瓜异附加系的创制与鉴定

异附加系是重要的种间材料,可用于种间外源遗传物质的渐渗及基因定位等相关研究,创制多种类型的异附加系对于栽培黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)的品种改良及相关研究均具有重要作用。本试验中以来源于酸黄瓜(Cucumis hystrix)和栽培黄瓜‘北京截头’杂交的种间异源四倍体为母本,以‘北京截头’为轮回父本,连续回交获得22株植株。利用基因组荧光原位杂交(GISH)技术确定22株BC₂群体中附加有外源染色体的植株,然后利用oligo-FISH技术和12个酸黄瓜染色体单拷贝序列标记准确识别外源染色体。共筛选出4种异附加系材料,包括3种单体异附加系和1种双单体异附加系。其中3种单体异附加系分别附加酸黄瓜6号、10号和12号染色体,双单体异附加系同时附加了酸黄瓜6号和10号染色体。     

植物异源附加系研究进展

异源附加系是指一个或一对异源染色体附加到一个物种染色体组上的品系,是遗传研究和染色体工程育种的重要基础材料。根据所附加外源染色体的数目,可将异附加系分为单体、双体和多重异附加系,其中单体、双体异附加系的研究和利用价值较高。阐述了异源附加系的特性、培育及鉴定方法,结合生物学发展进程,指出了其应用和发展前景。     

植物异源附加系研究进展

在高等植物中,通过种间杂交和回交可把有益基因从1个物种转移到另1个物种中,异源附加系是指1个或1对异源染色体附加到1个物种染色体组上的品系。根据所附加外源染色体的数目,可将异附加系分为单体、双体和多重异附加系。其中单体、双体异附加系的研究和利用价值较高。异附加系是遗传研究和染色体工程育种的重要基础材料,可用于植物细胞内染色体同源配对、遗传图谱的构建、分子标记、基因克隆、基因组互作和表达等的研究,是阐明基因组结构和转移基因的有效工具。该文着重阐述了异附加系的特性,培育及鉴定的方法,结合生物学发展进程,对其应用和发展前景也作了介绍。     

大白菜—结球甘蓝1号染色体二体异附加系自交后代InDel标记分析和染色体数鉴定

在进行异附加系鉴定和相应连锁群In Del标记筛选的基础上,利用In Del标记和细胞学方法对大白菜—结球甘蓝1号染色体二体异附加系自交后代46个单株进行了鉴定分析。结果表明:结球甘蓝C03连锁群相对于大白菜特异的67个In Del标记,均至少在1份后代单株中扩增出了甘蓝的特异条带;在46个后代单株中,3个单株为染色体数22条的二体异附加系,6个单株为染色体数21条的单体异附加系,1个单株为染色体数20条的大白菜二体代换系,28个单株为染色体数20条的附加了结球甘蓝染色体片段的大白菜易位系,还有3个单株染色体数为22条,2个单株染色体数为21条,推断其分别为易位了结球甘蓝染色体片段的大白菜非整倍体易位系,还有3个单株没有检测到甘蓝特异条带。本研究结果为这些材料的进一步研究和应用奠定了基础。     

大白菜—结球甘蓝异源三倍体（ACC）基于25S rDNA的FISH分析

 应用25S rDNA-FISH对大白菜—结球甘蓝异源三倍体（ACC）中期染色体组成和减数分裂染色体行为进行了分析,并进行了花粉特性和结实性的研究。结果表明,大白菜—结球甘蓝异源三倍体染色体数为28,含有9个25S rDNA位点,其中4个来自结球甘蓝4号和7号染色体;5个来自大白菜1 ~ 5号染色体;A、C基因组间不同染色体同源程度不同,减数分裂终变期常形成单价体、二价体和三价体等不同的联会方式;中期Ⅰ和中期Ⅱ存在游离染色体;后期Ⅰ和后期Ⅱ染色体分离不均衡,并存在染色体落后或丢失;末期Ⅱ有微核产生。异源三倍体花粉整齐度和生活力远低于其二倍体亲本,自交及与亲本甘蓝（CC）回交的结籽率都极低,仅为0.01%。     

大白菜—结球甘蓝4号染色体二体异附加系的获得与性状分析

以大白菜—结球甘蓝4号染色体单体异附加系自交后代为材料,通过根尖染色体计数法鉴定,从36株中筛选出3株2n = 22的植株。染色体核型分析结果表明,该3株为大白菜—结球甘蓝4号染色体二体异附加系。该二体异附加系在生殖生长时期表现植株较矮小,基生叶卵圆形、绿色,茎生叶披针形、浅绿色,开花时间晚,黄花,花器官较大白菜—结球甘蓝4号染色体单体异附加系小,花粉量少、结荚率和结籽率低。减数分裂观察发现：后期Ⅰ染色体主要以11︰11分离方式为主,所占比率为70.59%;后期Ⅱ染色体以11︰11︰11︰11为主,其比率为69.57%。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.