零线漏电的简易排除法

在正常农电工作中,常出现剩余电流动作保护器频繁跳闸不闭锁现象,主要原因是零线漏电。零线接地是最令农村电工头痛的事情。一般情况下,相线漏电,剩余电流动作保护器跳闸闭锁,查起来比较容易。但零线漏电查起来比较困难。下面本人结合实际工作中的做法,介绍零线漏电的简易排除法,供同行们参考。零线漏电的主要现象是:当某处某户发生零线漏电时,凡是彩电、冰箱或大容量家用电器启动、停止时,保护器都会出现频繁跳闸现象,如果用电负荷相对稳定,保护器不跳闸或跳闸次数较少。一般情况下保护器跳闸不闭锁。具体排除方法是:当某台保护器保护区域…     

家庭用电的故障判断与处理

失电是常见的故障,这时应先检查总配电箱,看熔丝是否熔断,剩余电流动作保护器(俗称漏电保护器)是否跳闸。如果两者均正常,用验电笔或万用表测量下户线末端是否有电:无电,说明下户线以上有问题,应通知当地电工处理;否则,说明配电箱以下有问题,一般是相线或中性线开路,应先查出哪根导线断线,查出后连接好或更换新线即可。如果剩余电流动作保护器跳闸,说明导线或某个电器有漏电现象。知道哪台电器漏电,可直接将其退出;否则先送空线路,再逐一给每台电器送电,可以查出是某段导线或某台电器漏电,把漏电电器退出,请电工修理即可。如果熔丝熔断,可根…     

农网漏电保护器的科学配置之我见

１ 农网实施三级漏电保护配置的技术原则１．１ 漏电总保护器应配置在配变的低压总电源侧，作为全网的总保护。为此，总保护器应当选用电流型的漏电保护器。其漏电动作电流值的选择应以防止间接接触的漏电保护为主，并在躲过农网正常漏电电流的前提下选择最小的。对于漏电电流较小的电网，额定漏电动作电流值以７５ ｍＡ、１００ｍＡ、１５０ｍＡ三档最为理想，其最大分断时间不应超过０．２ｓ。１．２ 漏电二级保护器应当设置在接户线进入集表箱的电源刀闸的负荷侧。它以防止套户线至末级保护器之前的直接接触的触电伤亡事故为主要目的，并…     

剩余电流动作保护器的防窃电功能

居民住户中安装的剩余电流动作保护器 (下称保护器 ) ,不仅可以有效地防止直接接触电击时的人身伤亡事故 ,保证低压电网安全可靠地运行 ,而且对多种窃电方法有一定的防范作用。保护器的防窃电原理 :当系统发生漏电时 ,通过保护器主回路 (零序电流互感器 )的电流向量和 IB不为零 ,这一电流叫剩余电流 ,也就是通常所说的“漏电电流”。当剩余电流达到保护器的额定动作电流时 (居民用户中保护器的额定动作电流值一般不大于 30 m A) ,保护器中的脱扣器就会动作跳闸切断电源 ,故保护器叫剩余电流动作保护器。根据上述原理可知 ,在正常情况下 ,…     

关于补充漏电保护器相关标准的建议

本文对鉴相鉴幅型漏电保护器动作次数较多原因进行了分析，还提出漏电保护器相关标准的补充技术要求名称与具有多个额定动作电流值的剩余电流动作保护器分类方式的建议。     

漏电保护器在农网应用中的分析

1漏电保护器应用中的问题1.1对装设剩余电流动作保护器(本文称漏电保护器)的重要性及其作用认识不足当前有些人认为,现在农网改造后配电线路健康状况好了,安全程度已经提高了,没有必要安装漏电保护器。也有相当一部分人认为,漏电保护器跳闸动作次数比较频繁     

电流型漏电保护器拒动原因浅析

电流型漏电保护器在发生漏电或人身触电事故时,不能启动继电器切断电源的现象称拒动。漏电保护器拒动的原因是多方面的,设计性能存在的缺陷,安装使用不当,都可使它在所保护线路发生泄漏电流时不能正常动作,失去保护作用。本文仅就以下几个方面对拒动现象进行分析。1 接线因素 在三相四线电路中,电源的a、b、c三根相线和零线N,同时穿过漏电保护器的零序电流互感器。在正常运行时,流过三相四线的电流相量和等于零,即:I_a I_b I_c I_N=0,零序电流互感器中的合成磁势也等于零,因而其副线圈中无感应电动势产生。     

家用"漏保器"为何太"淘气"

在农村,家用剩余电流动作保护器(俗称漏电保护器)被称为“保命器”,因而家家户户线路上都装上了它。然而由于种种原因,保护器时常会跳闸,跳闸后送不上只好请电工帮忙,所以一些农户又将保护器戏称为“捣乱器”。而少数电工(尤其是刚刚上岗的)碰到类似情况后也常常束手无策,既影响了优质服务,也影响了正常供电。根据笔者的经验,家用剩余电流动作保护器频繁跳闸的原因有以下几种,提出来供各位同行参考。1安装不良。如果保护器在安装时各桩头未接牢固,时间一长,往往会导致桩头发热、氧化,使电线绝缘层被烧焦,并伴有打火声和橡胶、塑料燃烧的气味…     

漏电保护器原理及动作后故障查找

1　漏电保护器的工作原理(1)　漏电保护器在反应触电方面具有高灵敏性和快速性,而且只反应系统的剩余电流。我们知道,正常运行时,系统的剩余电流几乎为零或其值甚小,故漏电保护器动作值可以整定的很小(一般为mA级,最低可整定到6mA)。在系统发生接地故障(如人员触电、设备?..     

浅析漏保器拒动的原因

电流型漏电保护器在发生漏电或人身触电事故时，不能起动继电器切断电源的现象称作拒动。漏电保护器拒动的原因是多方面的，如设计性能上存在缺陷，安装使用不当，都可使漏电保护器在所保护线路发生漏电时不能正常起动，失去保护作用。本文就漏电保护盟拒动的原因加以分析。1安装接线问题电流型漏电保护器在三相四线电路中的原理接线如图1所示。从图1中可以看出，在三相四线电路中，电源的A、B、C三根相线和零钱N，同时穿过漏电保护器的零序电流互感器ZCT。在正常运行时，流过三相四线的电流向量和等于零，即：Ia＋Ib＋Ic＋In＝0。此时…     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。