猪膀胱移入阴囊引起阴囊疝病例

猪膀胱移入阴囊引起阴囊疝病例郭学才（江苏省滨海县陈铸畜牧兽医站２２４５２２）猪膀胱移入阴囊引起阴囊疝在临床诊治中比较少见，笔者遇到两例，介绍如下。病例一我乡尹桥村后洼组村民王××，饲养的约２０ｋｇ猪１头。主诉患阴囊疝，经本站兽医阉割、整复后，食欲良好...     

一例马流行性感冒的诊治报告

马流行性感冒简称马流感。马流感为高度接触性呼吸道传染病，一旦发生后果严重。尤其冬春、秋冬交际，北方气温变化异常更容易引起本病的发生。笔者在2010年3月工作当中，遇到一起马流行性感冒的病例，现与大家分享诊治过程中的心得。     

马阴囊疝手术整复病例

阴囊疝见于公畜,牛马猪羊均可见,本病的特点是腹压增大。1991年4月25日诊治马阴囊疝一例,经检查:体温39℃,右侧阴囊正常,左侧阴囊增大,皮肤发亮,触诊阴囊皮肤紧张、敏感,在阴囊肿大处听诊有肠蠕动音,是嵌闭性,因此,诊断为阴囊疝。用手术整复,切口选在靠近腹股沟外环处,在阴囊颈部正外侧方纵切皮肤,术部用     

雏鸡绿脓杆菌病的诊治

绿脓杆菌是一种条件性致病菌，在自然界中广泛存在。近年来，绿脓杆菌病例在临床上有上升的趋势，笔者就遇到过多例羊、兔、鸡的绿脓杆菌病病例。现将一例由于注射马立克氏病疫苗引起的雏鸡绿脓杆菌病的诊治情况作一介绍。     

犬阴囊疝并发肠穿孔二次手术1例

腹股沟阴囊疝手术在兽医临床工作中会经常遇到,但同一头犬在两天内连做两次手术的病例并不多见.笔者曾遇到一例:来我站就诊的某饲养场一大型猎犬,前一天刚做完阴囊疝手术,后发现阴囊切口处流出带芝麻的糊状物(该犬之前曾吃过带芝麻的月饼),经检查发现,由于前次手术摘除右侧睾丸时,对总鞘膜及鞘膜管处理不当,致使肠管脱出、穿孔、肠内容物外漏.     

马麻痹性肌红蛋白尿的诊治报告

马麻痹性肌红蛋白尿的诊治报告范伟军玉林地区畜牧兽医站５３７０００马麻痹性肌红蛋白尿是糖代谢障碍、乳酸在体内大量蓄积所致的代谢性疾病。青壮年马缺乏运动或休息后突然重役，易发此病。以后躯运动极度障碍、排出肌红蛋白尿为本病特征。现将在实习期间遇到的病例报告...     

猪疝的手术治疗

正"疝气"又叫赫尔尼亚病,是腹腔内脏和腹膜壁层从天然孔(脐孔、阴囊鞘孔)或其它病理裂口,落入皮下或阴囊。临床以肠管落入皮下或阴囊常见。遇到此类病例,用药物治疗几乎没有效果,如不采取手术治疗,会给养殖户带来损失。笔者从事兽医工作8年来,共手术整复治疗50余例,其中脐疝31例,阴囊疝19例。发病猪体重,最小的5公斤左右,最大的25公斤左右。手术整复时,体重在10—15公斤左右的占80﹪。术后治     

猪膀胱嵌入性阴囊疝的诊治

猪阴囊疝是兽医临床工作中经常遇到的病例,但膀胱嵌入所形成的阴囊疝却很少见。笔者2006年10月偶遇膀胱嵌入形成阴囊疝一例,由于此病例较少见,现将其治疗总结如下,供同行参考。1发病情况邻近遵义县三渡镇的湄潭县梭塘村村民罗某饲养的一头5月龄、体重约40 kg架子猪,在2月龄阉割     

羊过量采食玉米棒皮引起瓣胃阻塞的治疗

2008年8月中旬，在本镇诊治一例马背部蜂窝织炎的病例，现将诊治情况报告如下。     

新生驹阴囊疝修补术

我场是苏重挽马的纯种繁育场,几年来在生产实践中,新生驹发生阴囊赫尔尼亚的约占公驹的10％。其发生原因大体上可有两种:一是先天性的;二是产驹时助人员的拉力过大而形成的。有些病例可以自行恢复,但有些病例必须经过手术疗法方能恢复。一、适应症及应用时机这种手术多适用于先天性或后天性的可复阴囊疝。几年来实践证明多数     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.