蜂花粉对公鸡体重和精液品质的影响

试验选用44只48周龄的新扬州公鸡，随机分成4组，每组11只，对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5、1.0、1.5%的蜂花粉。探讨蜂花粉对种公鸡体重和精液品质的影响，试验结果表明：日粮中添加1.0、1.5%的蜂花粉后，显著提高公鸡的精液量、精子活力和精子密度，显著降低精子畸形率，而对精液的PH值影响不明显；同时可以缓解高温应激造成的鸡体重下降的现象。     

日粮中添加蜂花粉对低繁殖力公鸡的改善效应

通过日粮中添加蜂花粉,研究其对人工采精中采不出精液或精液量少、精子活力低的公鸡的繁殖性能及内分泌机能的影响.结果表明日粮中添加2%的蜂花粉,能显著改善公鸡的精液量、精子活力、精子密度和有效精子数(P＜0.05),对精子畸形率影响不大(P＞0.05),有效缓解血浆T水平的下降(P＜0.05),对E2水平无明显影响;与对照组相比,添加蜂花粉后试验组血浆T3含量升高(P＜0.05)、T4含量(P＜0.05)和皮质醇含量(P＞0.05)下降,说明蜂花粉改善了热应激公鸡的甲状腺功能和肾上腺功能.     

种公鸡日粮中添加蜂花粉的效用研究

研究蜂花粉对人工采精中采不出精液的公鸡的繁殖性能及内分泌机能的影响。结果表明:日粮中添加2%的蜂花粉,能显著改善公鸡的精液量、精子活力、精子密度和有效精子数(P<0.05),对精子畸形率影响不大(P>0.05),有效缓解血浆T水平的下降(P<0.05),对E2水平无明显影响;与对照组相比,添加蜂花粉后试验组血浆T3含量升高(P<0.05)、T4含量(P<0.05)和皮质醇含量(P>0.05)下降,说明蜂花粉改善了热应激公鸡的甲状腺功能和肾上腺功能。     

日粮中添加蜂花粉对新扬州鸡公鸡生殖机能的影响

44只48周龄健康新扬州公鸡随机分成4组,每组11只,其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%和1.5%的蜂花粉.在常规条件下饲养4周,探讨蜂花粉作为饲料添加剂对新扬州公鸡生殖机能的影响.结果表明,①外界环境因素例如高温等在一定程度上可导致鸡体重下降,蜂花粉的添加可缓解此现象.②与对照组相比,日粮中添加蜂花粉虽不能明显提高精液量,但可以有所改善.③试验组鸡精子密度分别比对照组提高了25.68%、31.44%和33.47%,即添加1.5%蜂花粉效果最佳.④试验组鸡的精子畸形率分别比对照组降低了24.83%、34.07%和46.1%,说明日粮中以添加1.0%～1.5%蜂花粉为宜.⑤日粮中添加不同量的蜂花粉对精液pH几乎没有影响.     

日粮铬水平对热应激种公兔精液品质及内分泌机能的影响

选用成年健康雄性獭兔72只,随机分为6组,每组12只,空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,分别在基础日粮中添加0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0mg/kg铬量的酵母铬,作为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组日粮,在热应激条件下饲养78 d,探讨日粮铬对热应激种公兔精液品质及内分泌机能的影响。结果显示:热应激条件下,在基础日粮中添加0.6~0.8 mg/kg铬量的酵母铬显著提高种公兔精液量、精子活力和精子密度,降低精子畸形率(P0.05或0.01);升高种公兔血清睾酮(T)、三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)水平(P0.05或0.01);降低甲状腺素(T4)和皮质醇(CS)水平(P0.05或0.01)。结果表明:热应激条件下,在基础日粮中添加一定量的酵母铬可有效缓解热应激,显著提高种公兔精液品质,调节机体内分泌功能。     

中草药复方添加剂对繁殖后期种公鸡精液品质的影响

选用80只50周龄尼克T种公鸡随机分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,每组16只。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组为对照组,分别饲喂基础日粮和基础日粮添加鸡蛋,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组为试验组,分别饲喂在基础日粮的基础上添加1%、2%、3%中草药复方添加剂的日粮,研究中草药复方添加剂对繁殖后期种公鸡精液品质的影响。结果表明,日粮中添加中草药复方添加剂能显著提高种公鸡的精液量和精子活力,降低精子畸形率,其中2%添加组效果最明显。说明在繁殖后期种公鸡日粮中添加一定量的中草药复方添加剂可以显著提高种公鸡的精液品质。     

日粮中添加蜂花粉对塞北兔生殖激素的影响

为探讨日粮中蜂花粉的添加量对塞北兔生殖激素水平的影响,试验选用7～8月龄、体重为4 kg左右的公兔48只随机分为4组,每组12只,第1组为对照组,仅饲喂基础日粮,第2,3,4组饲喂添加1.0%、1.5%、2.0%蜂花粉的日粮,试验期为60 d。结果表明:日粮中添加1.5%蜂花粉能提高塞北种公兔促卵泡素(FSH)浓度水平,促黄体素(LH)、血浆睾酮(T)水平也有升高趋势,其中精液量、精液密度、精子活率均与FSH呈显著正相关(P<0.05),精子畸形率与T水平呈显著正相关(P<0.05),T和三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)呈显著正相关(P<0.05);精液量、精子活率和精液密度与LH呈负相关。说明精液量和精子活率可以作为评定精液品质的重要指标,FSH是评定精液品质的主要生殖激素。     

中草药复方添加剂对繁殖后期种公鸡精液品质及种蛋受精率的影响

选用80只50周龄尼克T种公鸡随机分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,每组16只。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组为对照组,分别饲喂基础日粮和基础日粮添加鸡蛋,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组为试验组,分别饲喂基础日粮中添加1%、2%、3%中草药复方添加剂的日粮,研究中草药复方添加剂对繁殖后期种公鸡精液品质及种蛋受精率的影响。结果表明:日粮中添加中草药复方添加剂能显著提高种公鸡的精液品质和精子活力,降低精子畸形率,并且能提高种蛋受精率和健雏率,其中2%添加组效果最明显。     

日粮铬水平对热应激种公鸡免疫功能及蛋白质代谢的影响

选用72只35周龄罗曼褐种公鸡随机分成6组,每组12只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别在基础日粮中添加酵母铬0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mg/kg,探讨日粮铬水平对热应激种公鸡免疫功能及蛋白质代谢的影响.结果显示:与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组热应激种公鸡血清中牛血清白蛋白抗体滴度、免疫球蛋白含量、血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量显著提高,全血T淋巴细胞转化率增强.     

大豆黄酮对急性热应激条件下公鸡睾丸发育、精液品质和血清甲状腺激素水平的影响

选取18只32周龄岭南黄公鸡,随机分为3组,每组6只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ与Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加大豆黄酮3mg/kg和6mg/kg。试验期14d。在试验的第10天对公鸡施行急性热应激(39℃,2h;40℃,2h)处理,分别于热应激前1d,热应激后4h、2d采集血样测定甲状腺激素(T3、T4)水平。试验结束时,宰杀公鸡、称睾丸重量并观察其组织学结构。结果表明:日粮中添加3mg/kg的大豆黄酮能显著(P<0.05)增加睾丸曲细精管直径。大豆黄酮对急性热应激公鸡的精子活率、精液密度、各级生精细胞含量、睾丸增重、睾丸重/体重等无显著影响。日粮中添喂3mg/kg和6mg/kg的大豆黄酮可降低急性热应激后公鸡T3、T4水平,但无显著差异。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …