农杆菌介导转化石斛兰—蝴蝶兰杂交种类原球茎体的研究

以类原球茎体为受体材料,利用农杆菌EHA101(pIG121 Hm)介导转移GUS基因到石斛兰-蝴蝶兰的2个杂交品种。以一种β-内酰胺类新型抗生素美罗培南(Meropenem)作为抑菌抗生素和以潮霉素为筛选元件进行选择,获得了潮霉素抗性体,并通过X-gluc组织化学染色法,检测到较强的GUS的表达,表达率达80%以上。经过80 d的选择培养后在81个潮霉素抗性组织中获得了22株再生兰花。对其中的9株PCR阳性的再生植株进行Northern分析,检测到较强的GUS基因表达。     

农杆菌介导的喜树遗传转化(英文)

利用农杆菌介导法将与植物纤维素合成有关的纤维素合成酶基因导入喜树体内,并对影响遗传转化效率的几个因子进行了研究,建立了有效的喜树遗传转化体系。采用预培养的外植体在OD600(0.5)的农杆菌菌液中侵染10分钟,外植体与农杆菌侵染后在再生培养基上与农杆菌共培养三天,然后转入筛选培养基,获得了最佳的转化效率。Southern杂交结果证明UGPase基因已经整合到喜树的基因组中。在最佳的转化条件下获得了 6%的转化效率。这个转化系统对于利用遗传转化对喜树进行遗传改良是非常有意义的。     

Plant regeneration of transgenic China Rose (Rosa chinensis Jacq.) from organogenic callus

Different types of explants of China Rose (Rosa chinensis Jacq.) were placed on a Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium containing L-proline and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Organogenesis was observed on callus induced from both whole leaf and petiole and the high frequency of organogenesis was observed on the whole leaf. Shoot regeneration was obtained via organogenesis. The effects of pH and concentrations of antibiotics on maintenance of organogenesis capacity were investigated in subsequent subcultures. The pH value was found to play a critical role in retaining organogenesis capacity. The binary vector pBI121, carrying the gus gene coding forβ-glucuronidase (GUS) and the nptⅡgene mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, was used for transformation of organogenic callus using 50 mg·L-1 geneticin for selection. Six regenerated lines showed GUS activity, of which five were verified for the presence of nptⅡgene by PCR.     

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Camptotheca acuminata

UGPase gene related with wood cellulose synthesis was transferred into C. acuminata using the method of Agrobacte- rium-mediated genetic transformation, and an efficient transformation system was developed for C. acuminata on the basis of evaluations of several factors affecting Agrobacterium-mediated DNA transfer rate. The highest transformation rate was achieved when pre-cultttred leaf explants were infected with an Agrobacterium culture corresponding to OD600 （0.5） for 10 min, and cultured on explant regeneration medium for three days. The results of Southern hybridization showed that genomic DNA of the kanamycin-resistant shoots to an UGPase gene probe substantiated the integration of the transgene. Transformation efficiency （6%） was achieved under the optimized transformation procedure, This system should facilitate the introduction of important useful genes into C, acuminata.     

孔雀草杂交F1代的植株再生

以孔雀草（Tagetes patula）子叶、下胚轴和叶片为外植体,通过器官直接发生途径诱导形成不定芽,探讨植物生长调节剂组合、AgNO3浓度、蔗糖浓度和外植体类型等因素对植株再生的影响,建立了再生体系。结果表明：MS＋6-BA 1.0 · L^- 1＋NAA 0.5 · L^- 1＋AgNO31.0 · L^- 1＋蔗糖40 g·L^-1培养基最适合不定芽的分化和增殖,子叶不定芽分化率达90%以上,平均每外植体分化不定芽数达5.3个。不定芽较适生根培养基为1/2MS＋IAA 0.2 · L^- 1＋NAA 0.1 · L^- 1,生根率达到90%。     

微弹介导的火炬松遗传转化

本文建立了一个微弹介导的火炬松遗传转化系统。这个系统解决了火炬松遗传转化过程中存在的许多困难。运载抗虫基因的质粒载体经微弹转化法进入火炬松成熟合子胚,然后在添加了卡那霉素的培养基上从转化的成熟胚上诱导出有器官发生潜力的愈伤组织,再从转化的愈伤组织上产生转基因植株。利用这一系统生产的转基因植株已经被随机扩增技术、Southern杂交技术和虫试验所证实,并且转化的植株已在土壤中成活。图3表2参28。     

榉树叶器官再生植株技术

以榉树（Zelkova schneideriana）叶片为外植体,先诱导愈伤组织的产生,再诱导愈伤组织分化出芽,研究榉树叶器官再生植株技术,结果表明：榉树叶片诱导出愈伤组织很容易,幼嫩叶片的诱导率可达到90％以上,而由愈伤组织诱导芽分化则相对较难,仅有10％左右的诱导率,老叶片诱导的愈伤无法再分化出芽。     

Preliminary Studies on Establishment of Genetic Transformation System in Loblolly Pine

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In vitro regeneration of plantlets from embryonic and seedling explants of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry)

A protocol has been developed for the in vitro production of plantlets of Engelmann spruce. Embryos and various parts of Engelmann spruce seedlings formed multiple shoots when cultured on defined media containing a cytokinin. The site and time of occurrence of the shoot buds, as well as their number, differed in the various explants. The frequency of shoot-forming explants was influenced by the salt formulation used, the type and concentrations of cytokinins and their mode of application. Development of buds was achieved by transferring the explants to basal medium containing no growth regulators. Elongation of shoots was stimulated by reducing the concentration of salts and sugar, addition of activated charcoal and transferral to increased photoperiod and lower temperature regimes. Maximum rooting was induced by giving a pulse of high concentration of indolebutyric acid to the shoots. The roots developed within 8-10 weeks and the regenerated plantlets were transferred to soil under non-sterile conditions.     

Genetic transformation of loblolly pine using mature zygotic embryo explants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Introduction1Genetictransformationinconifershasthepotentialtoallowtheselectiveimprovementofindividualtraitsinelitecloneswhilestillmaintainingtheexistingcombinationofgenesresponsibleforthesuperiorphenotype(Charestetal.1991;Jamesetal.1996;Walteretal.1999).Atpresent,althoughconsiderableresearchefforthasbeendevotedtothegeneticengineeringofconiferspecies(Sederoffetal.1986;Bekkauoietal.1988,1990;Robertsonetal.1992;Bomminenietal.1993;Shinetal.1994;Klimaszewskaetal.1997),ithaslaggedbehindadvancesma…     

In vitro plantlet formation from embryonic explants of eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.)

A protocol is described for the in vitro production of plantlets from embryonic explants of eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.). Bud induction was optimal when embryonic explants were cultured for 20-25 days on half-strength Quoirin and Le Poivre mineral salts containing equimolar concentrations (10(-6) M) of N(6)-benzyladenine and 2-isopentyl adenine. Bud development was achieved in phytohormone-free medium in the presence of activated charcoal. Maximal shoot elongation occurred on half-strength Quoirin and Le Poivre salts, whereas shoot multiplication was optimal on half-strength Bornman's MCM salts in the presence of cytokinin. Hardened shoots, dipped in commercial rooting powder containing indole-3-butyric acid, rooted optimally in mist under non-sterile greenhouse conditions. Both rooting and subsequent plantlet growth was best when Redi-Earth((R)) was used as a substrate. Over 250 plantlets per embryo can be produced annually by this technique.     

Preliminary studies on establishment of genetic transformation system in loblolly pine

A transformation system was established for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) mature zygotic embryos usingAgrobacterium tumefaciens. The gene coding for the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene was introduced into loblolly pine tissues and its transient expression was detected with histochemical staining. The influences of different genotypes.Agrobacterum concentrations. and cocultivation time on GUS expression and kanamycin resistant callus and shoot regeneration were investigated. The results showed that the highest GUS expression frequency (16.3%) and shoot regeneration frequency (78%) were obtained from genotype 9–1003 withAgrobacterium concentration decreased 9 times and cocultivation time of 56 hours respectively. GUS expression was obtained in all genotypes tested. The successful expression of the GUS gene in different genotypes suggested that it will be a useful transformation system for loblolly pine. (Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai)     

Genetic transformation of loblolly pine using mature zygotic embryo expiants byAgrobacterium tumefaciens

Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 carrying pBI121 plasmid was used to transform mature zygotic embryos of three genotypes (E-Hb, E-Ma, and E-Mc) of loblolly pine. The results demonstrated that the expression frequency of β-glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS) varied among genotypes after mature zygotic embryos were infected withAgrobacterium tumefaciens cultures. The highest frequency (27.8%) of GUS expressing embryos was obtained from genotype E-Mc with mean number of 21.9 blue GUS spots per embryo. Expression of β-glucuronidase reporter gene was observed on cotyledons, hypocotyls, and radicles of transformed mature zygotic embryos, as well as on organogenic callus and regenerated shoots derived from co-cultivated mature zygotic embryos. Nineteen regenerated transgenic plants were obtained from GUS expression and kanamycin resistant calli. The presence and integration of the GUS gene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis. These results suggested that an efficientAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol for stable integration of foreign genes into loblolly pine has been developed and that this transformation system could be useful for the future studies on transferring economically important genes to loblolly pine.     

尾巨桉愈伤组织诱导与植株再生研究

分别以尾巨桉幼苗的茎段和叶片作外植体进行愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化及植株再生培养研究。结果表明：在改良H培养基上茎段和叶片两种外植体均能诱导出愈伤组织,7-10d产生愈伤组织,愈伤组织诱导率达90%以上。在改良H＋6-BA1.0mg·L-1＋NAA0.5mg·L-1＋蔗糖5%培养基上,茎段愈伤组织的分化率达22.2%,每块愈伤组织有效芽数达10-20个,并且诱导出了根芽齐全的单生型小苗。     

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated GUS gene transformation of Robinia pseudoacacia ''''Idaho''''

Based on the plant regeneration system, a GUS gene transformation system to Idaho locust (Robinia pseudoacacia 'Idaho') mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens was established. The successful transformation was confirmed by regenerating the shoots from the infected leaves in the presence of hygromysin; by histochemical X-gluc assays ofβ-glucuronidase (GUS) and by PCR and PCR-Southern blotting analysis. The ratio of positive transgenic plants is 5.8% (5 out of 86 plants). With this system, the target gene DREB was introduced into the leaves of Idaho locust. The transgenic plants regenerated, which was verified by PCR-Southern blotting. It is suggested that the transformation system could be a new, simple, reliable and practical route to gene transformation of R. pseudoacacia 'Idaho' mediated with A. tumefaciens.     

粉枝莓的组织培养与植株再生

利用粉枝莓的茎段和幼嫩叶片作为外植体，研究了不同激素水平对诱导产生愈伤组织、芽和根及完成植株再生的影响。试验结果表明：MS 6-BA0.5 NAA0.2培养基对诱导愈伤组织和芽的分化效果最佳，1/2MS IBA0.3对促进生根效果较好，在两步移栽法中，移栽存活率分别为94％和98％。     

粉枝莓的组织培养与植株再生研究

利用粉枝莓的茎段和幼嫩叶片作为外植体，研究了不同激素水平对诱导产生愈伤组织，芽和根，完成植株再生的影响。试验结果表明：MS 6-BA0.5 NAA0.2培养基对诱导愈伤组织和芽的分化效果最佳。1/2MS IBA0.3对促进生根效果较好，在两步移栽法中，移栽存活率分别为94%和98%。     

利用重瓣大岩桐叶片诱导再生植株试验

利用重瓣大岩桐叶片诱导再生植株试验结果表明，采用MS＋BA1.5-2.00mg/L NAA0.15-0.20mg/L的培养基配比组合最适宜叶片再生小植株；在相同质量浓度下，用NAA处理好于用IBA处理。     

种子胚特异性启动子的克隆及其功能验证

以水稻品种日本晴DNA为模板,用PCR的方法从水稻胚特异性表达基因OsESG上游序列扩增出特异性条带,克隆出种子胚特异性启动子,长度为1.1kb,且已知的功能部位序列没有发生改变。用它构建了带动报告基因GUS表达的双元载体,并用农杆菌介导法转化水稻得到了转基因植株。对GUS基因的表达检测表明,由该启动子序列引导的GUS基因仅在胚中特异性表达,而其它组织中都未表达,证实该启动子具有胚特异性表达的功能。     

正交设计在杨树最佳遗传转化体系的建立

本试验以建立的南林95杨高频再生体系为基础,利用正交试验设计,通过GUS组织染色分析法研究了预培养时间、茵液浓度、As浓度、侵染时间和共培养时间5个因素在4个水平上对南林95杨遗传转化的影响,并探讨了南林95杨转化中添加卡那霉素的适宜浓度。运用DPS软件对试验结果进行分析,建立了杨树遗传转化体系。结果表明：外植体预培养7d,在含As200μmol／L的茵液浓度为0．6的农杆菌液中侵染20rain,共培养3d为最佳遗传转化体系,适宜的卡那霉素筛选浓度为50mg／L;本试验共获得6株转化植株,经GUS染色检测和PCR分析表明．GUS基因已初步整合进入南林95杨基因组中。