我国植物青枯病抗病性研究新进展

文章综述了近年来我国植物抗青枯病的抗病鉴定方法、抗病机制、抗病遗传、抗病育种及诱导抗病性等的研究进展及成果；并提出了今后的研究方向。     

植物抗病分子生物学研究进展

从植物在分子水平上对植物抗病机制、抗病基因克隆及遗传转化三个方面，综述了国内外在植物抗病分子生物学研究的进展。     

中国“009项目”杨树抗病育种初探

本文对中国“００９项目”杨树抗病育种进行了初步探讨，论述了杨树抗病育种的基础上，即建立和保持遗传基础丰富的杨树群体。阐述了杨树抗病育种战略及制定“００９项目”杨树抗病育种战略所应考虑的主要因素，从抗病育种角度探讨了杨树病虫害防治的一些方法，在抗病育种初期，应建立遗传基础丰富的杨树抗病无性系基因库，通过种源试验，子代测定和家系选择等手段，为不断选育速生、抗病力强的杨树无性系创造条件。     

木麻黄抗病无性系造林比较试验研究

从广东华南农业大学引进的３个木麻黄抗病无性系与福建省林业科学研究所筛选出来的３个抗病无性系进行对比造林试验，５年的试验结果表明，各无性系间差异显著，广东抗病无性系５０１和福建抗病无性系Ｐ－１０－３３生长量大，枯死较少，而福建的抗病无性系Ｐ－２１－９在林地中枯死严重，超过对照的非抗病无性系。     

青梅变异抗病无性系的抗病性研究

从青梅龙眼品种园中发现的抗黑星病变异单株 ,经过繁殖栽培成为变异抗病无性系。对变异梅抗病无性系梅与龙眼梅品种进行抗病试验 ,结果表明 :变异抗病无性系梅有较强抗黑星病能力和稳定的丰产性和大果径特征。     

主要热带作物对炭疽病抗病机制研究进展

简述植物炭疽病的危害和生物学特性、植物对病原物的抗病机制以及主要热带作物对炭疽病的抗病机制的研究进展。     

园林植物叶片中多酚及总黄酮含量与病虫害的关系

为了进一步研究园林植物叶片中化学成分与抗病虫害的关系,对合肥市9种常见园林植物的病虫害发生情况进行调查、统计和分析,并对这几种植物抗病虫害能力与叶片中总黄酮和多酚含量的关系建立数学模型。研究结果表明,在一定范围内,参试植物叶片中只有多酚的含量与叶片的抗病虫害能力能形成二元回归关系,说明叶片中多酚含量越高,其抗病虫害能力越强。     

湿地松抗褐斑病育种技术研究

１９８２年开始采用对比法２次在湿地松重病林分中选择抗病优树，共８５株，在沙县官在林场建立湿地松抗病采穗圃１．７３ｈｍ￣２，并采用自然感染法对优树无性系进行抗病测定和筛选，选出具有较高抗病性的无性系３９个，建立湿地松抗病种子园４ｈｍ￣２。     

抗枣疯病枣树品种的DAPI荧光染色检测

该文通过嫁接枣疯病病皮和病枝传病的方法 ,对抗病材料婆枣 (JL)和壶瓶枣 (Hu)共 10棵单株 ,结合感病酸枣 (Suan)品种的健枝和疯枝作对照 ,应用DAPI染色技术对抗病材料体内植原体的侵染情况进行了荧光观察 ,结果表明 :抗病植株体内已感染了植原体病原 ,说明应用嫁接方法进行枣疯病病原接种是可行的 ,但其却不表现丛枝症状 ,证明了抗病材料具有一定的抗病性 ;同时 ,抗病材料中发现的金黄色自发荧光 ,也为其抗病物质的寻找和抗病机理的研究提供了重要线索。     

我国湿地松抗松针褐斑病研究进展

湿地松松针褐斑病是我国南方松树上的重要病害，本文综合概述了我国自８０年初开始的湿地松抗松针褐斑病的研究，重点介绍了湿地松松针褐斑病的抗病选择和抗病机制的研究进展，并对这些研究作了分析评述，１２２株抗病单株已被收集，４ｈｍ＾２抗病湿地松种子园已在省建立，松针褐斑病的抗病机制也作了初步分析。     

用碘结晶法测量针叶树材的微纤丝角

采用碘溶液和氢氧化钠两种溶液的混合液处理针叶树材管胞弦壁切片，并用干燥法脱除切片胞壁水，对碘结晶法测量木材微纤丝角的方法进行改良．结果表明，切片的木素脱除干净彻底，次生壁微纤丝之间易形成空隙，有利于碘离子进入其中形成碘结晶，可清晰地观察到微纤丝的走向，有利于有效而准确地测量微纤丝角，与改良前进行比较，具有省时省力，节约经费的优点．     

天牛体内纤维素酶研究进展

文章综述近年来国内外有关天牛体内纤维素酶的研究进展,主要包括:天牛体内纤维素酶的来源、不同天牛种类纤维素酶的性质、纤维素酶抑制剂、纤维素酶同工酶、纤维素酶基因以及天牛体内纤维素酶活性变化与寄主的关系,并展望了未来的研究方向。     

毛白杨抗虫、感虫无性系树皮内酶活性的初步研究

对14年生抗虫、感虫毛白杨无性系树皮内过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)的酶活力进行了比较分析，结果表明抗、感虫无性系间树皮内多酚氧化酶的酶活力差异显著，抗虫无性系大于感虫无性系；而感虫无性系内的过氧化物酶的酶活力大于抗虫无性系，但二者差异不显著，多酚氧化酶的酶活性与抗虫性有一定的关系，是造成抗性差异的原因之一，可以将多酚氧化酶活性作为毛白杨抗性育种的一个指标。     

Land, Fund and Mechanism:Three Bottlenecks of Chinese Urban Forestry in the 21st Century

Since the implementation of the reform-and-opening-up policy, great progress has been achieved inChina’s urbanization, along with which severeproblems regarding urban environment have occurredincreasingly. Gradually, the permanent residents inthe metropolis have come to realize the huge valueof urban forest in terms of ecology, landscape,amusements and so on. In order to improve the urbanecological environment and regain the fresh,comfortable and healthy environment for theirenjoyment of life…     

Eugenol and thymol, alone or in combination, induce morphological alterations in the envelope of Candida albicans

The envelope of Candida albicans, with its outermost array of macromolecules protruding towards the environment, is pivotal to the expression of major virulence factors such as adhesiveness, and the morphological transition to hyphal form. We tested the anticandidal activity of eugenol, main component of clove oil, and thymol, main component of thyme oil, alone or in combination, by investigating their ability to interfere with the architecture of the envelope of C. albicans. Both molecules alterated the morphogenesis of the envelope, but the effects of thymol were more pronounced than those of eugenol. Certain combinations of the two molecules led to a synergistic effect, which is interesting in the view of potentiating their inhibition of C. albicans colonisation and infectiousness.     

山岳型旅游景区优势及发展对策

指出了在现代化时尚生活中,旅游是人们生活中必不可少的一部分,在旅游的众多类型中,很多人选择了群山环绕的美景。山岳型旅游景区在新时代的发展建设中,既保持了传统发展的优势,又进行了创新性的建设。以山岳型旅游景区的发展为研究核心,分析了山岳型旅游景区发展具有的优势,对山岳型旅游景区的优势和特点进行了阐述,针对山岳型旅游景区环境建设存在的问题,提出了构建山岳型旅游景区长久发展的重要路径。     

Ash-fertilization improves germination and early establishment of birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) seedlings on a cut-away peatland

Common objectives of afforestation of cut-away peatlands are the diminution of nutrition loads and the production of energy wood in an efficient and economic way. We studied the effect of fertilization and afforestation methods on the early establishment of downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) seedlings on a cut-away peatland. Six treatments of peat-ash, wood-ash, biotite, or PK-fertilizer were replicated in three blocks in different mixtures corresponding to 50 kg/ha of phosphorous. Birch seeds were sown in randomized halves of split plots, while other halves were naturally afforested. Natural afforestation was equal to sowing in terms of seedling amounts due to closeness of surrounding birch stands with abundant seed crops. After the first growing season the greatest quantities and dominant heights of birch seedlings appeared on the ash-fertilized plots, whereas on the unfertilized areas both the establishment and growth of seedlings was very poor. On the other hand, the quantity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings was more than three times higher on the unfertilized areas compared to the ash-fertilized areas. The differences between the fertilized and the unfertilized areas accentuated during the four observation years. Our results support regular use of ash-fertilizers for the afforestation of cut-away peatlands instead of the ash being deposited as a waste in landfills.     

An evaluation of the Acacia albida-based agroforestry practices in the Hararghe highlands of Eastern Ethiopia

Growing Acacia albida as a permanent tree crop, on farmlands with cereals, vegetables and coffee underneath or in between, is an indigenous agroforestry system in the Hararghe highlands of Eastern Ethiopia. However, there is practically no systematic record or data on the merits and benefits of this practice.The paper presents the results of an investigation into the effects of the presence of A. albida on farmlands on the yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Twenty seven plot pairs each consisting of one plot underneath the A. albida foliage cover and the other in the open, away from the tree-on farmers' fields, in a 40 km radius around the Alemaya College of Agriculture, were sampled and the yield components analyzed. A statistically significant increase in crops yields by 56% on average was found for the crops under the tree canopies compared to those away from the trees. This increase was caused by the improvement in 1000 grain weight and number of grains of plants under the tree, indicating that the trees enhanced the fertility status of the soil and improved its physical conditions in terms of crop growth.Additional benefits from the A. albida trees include supply of fuelwood and fodder. Quantitative estimates of these outputs as well as their monetary values are presented in the paper. However, in order to realize these benefits to a discernible extent, higher stand densities of the tree than at present are required.Based on an enquiry about the farmers attitude towards A. albida, the prospects for an extension of this promising agroforestry technique are discussed against the background of the state and trends of development of agriculture in the area. It is surmised that despite some shortcomings like the relatively slow and highly variable growth of A. albida and a conflict with the spreading cultivation of Ch'at (Catha edulis Forsk.), the prospects of extension of this technique are good. It is recommended that its propagation should be incorporated into the programmes of the extension agencies of the various governmental agencies concerned with land use.     

Short-term Effect of Thinning on Pinus sylvestris Damage and Sporulation Caused by Cronartium flaccidum

The short-term effect of thinning on cronartium rust on Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) was investigated in a stand of Scots pine (artificially seeded and in the pole-stage) severely infected by the stem-rust fungus Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schwein) G. Winter. The disease rate (the number of old and fresh infections) was recorded before thinning, after which all trees with a resin-top as well as all individual branches with sporulating lesions were removed from the thinned plots, while the comparison plots remained non-thinned. The numbers of sporulating lesions were recorded on the plots annually for 2-5 yrs after thinning. Thinning had no significant short-term effect on the year-to-year relative number of sporulating lesions. The relative number of sporulating lesions, however, increased in both thinned and nonthinned trees, varying significantly from year to year. Thinning had no significant effect on the year of formation of the shoot bearing annual sporulating lesions, the duration of sporulation or the growth of the fungus along the infected shoot in perennial lesions during the first 5 yrs after the treatment.     

我国薪炭材树种的热值与生态差异的研究

本文对木材热值的测定方法进行了研究。为了提高试验的精确度,改进了试样的容器;减少试样辅助添加剂引入的误差;考虑了含脂材挥发物对热值的影响,提出了一个实际通用的测试方法。通过对二十四种样木的测试,综合分析了测试误差、生态差异以及营林因子等的影响,对薪材热值的树种间差异和生态因子对热值变异时影响进行了研究。