禽流感病毒H7亚型血凝素基因的原核表达及鉴定

参考已发表的禽流感病毒(AIV)H7亚型血凝素(HA)基因序列设计引物，经RT-PCR扩增了AIV-H7亚型的HA1基因片段，再将该片段定向插入到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-2中，转化大肠埃希氏菌。重组表达栽体经酶切和测序鉴定后，用IPTG诱导表达。用Western-blotting和ELISA试验鉴定表达产物的抗原性。结果表明，融合表达蛋白能与AIV H7N1、H7N2、H7N7和H1N1亚型标准抗血清反应，而与H5N1、H9N2等其他13个亚型的抗血清无交叉反应。     

禽流感H5亚型病毒血凝素基因的表达和抗原性分析

参考已发表的Guangdong/96/1(H5N1)基因序列设计引物,用鸡胚扩增中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所国家禽流感参考实验室保存的病毒,收集尿囊液,提取病毒RNA,经RT-PCR扩增HA基因,将PCR产物平端克隆到pMD18-T中,经酶切、PCR及测序鉴定后,定向亚克隆到pET-30a表达载体中。重组子经酶切和测序鉴定为正确后,用IPTG诱导表达,SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和薄层扫描分析重组蛋白的表达情况。重组蛋白r5HA经Ni-NTA His.Bind Resins纯化,并复性,用Western Blotting分析重组蛋白的抗原性。结果表明:表达产物大小约为65 ku,主要存在于包涵体中,表达量约占总蛋白的30%;同时,表达的重组蛋白具有较好的抗原性和特异性,可以用作检测H5亚型禽流感病毒抗血清的捕获抗原。     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒血凝素基因的克隆与表达

根据已知H9N2亚型禽流感病毒血凝素基因序列,设计、合成PCR引物。自H9N2亚型禽流感病毒感染的鸡胚尿囊液中提取总RNA,反转录后采用高可信度DNA聚合酶扩增血凝素基因,采用Invitrogen定向表达系统进行克隆表达,纯化获得N末端携带多聚组氨酸标签的重组血凝素,分子质量约75 ku。采用阳性血清经免疫印迹及ELISA分析重组血凝素的免疫反应性,结果表明,重组血凝素能与H9N2亚型病毒抗血清发生特异性结合,具有良好的免疫反应性。     

禽流感病毒血凝素分子生物学研究进展

禽流感病毒基因组由8条单性负链RNA组成,血凝素基因是禽流感病毒基因组中变异最大的基因,禽流感病毒的抗原性和致病性很大程度上取决于该基因的变异情况。血凝素在病毒吸附及穿膜过程中起关键作用,但可刺激机体产生中和抗体来中和病毒的感染力,而且血凝素诱导机体产生的体液免疫反应,对宿主抵抗禽流感起到了决定性保护作用,使目前研制血凝素基因工程疫苗成为禽流感病毒疫苗的研究热点。血凝素发挥功能之前必须裂解为两条肽链HA1和HA2,其裂解位点的氨基酸残基的组成是决定禽流感病毒致病力高低的主要因素。文章主要从血凝素的基因及其编码的蛋白、裂解位点序列和基因疫苗等角度对禽流感病毒血凝素分子生物学的研究状况进行了综述,可为禽流感的预防和治疗提供参考。     

禽流感病毒血凝素基因的研究进展

叙述了禽流感病毒(AIV)血凝素(HA)基因的特点，HA基因编码蛋白质的结构和功能，HA基因与AIV致病力的关系及HA基因工程疫苗的研究近况，以为AI的预防和治疗研究提供参考。     

H7亚型禽流感病毒血凝素基因的真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

参考已发表的H7亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)血凝素(HA)基因序列设计引物,以pUCH7为模板,经PCR扩增出一条1.7kb的HA全基因片段,将该片段定向克隆到真核表达质粒载体pcDNA3.1(一)中,转化大肠埃希氏菌DH5α,小量制备重组质粒pcDNA-HA,酶切鉴定正确后,转染COS-1细胞,经免疫荧光鉴定其体外表达情况。结果表明H7亚型AIV HA在COS-1细胞中获得了成功表达。用该重组质粒pcDNA-HA免疫BALB／C小鼠,制备免疫血清,经免疫印迹实验证实该H7亚型AIV HA在小鼠体内也得到了良好的表达。     

禽流感病毒血凝素(HA)基因的研究进展

禽流感 (ＡｖｉａｎＩｎｆｌｕｅｎｚａ.ＡＩ)是由Ａ型流感病毒引起的一种禽类感染和 /或疾病综合征 ,禽类感染可表现为无症状 ,轻度呼吸道症状 ,产蛋量降低 ,以至急性高度致死。ＡＩ是危害世界养禽业的重要疾病 ,已经给养禽业带来了严重经济损失。ＡＩ的病原是禽流感病毒 (Ａ ｖｉａｎＩｎｆｌｕｅｎｚａＶｉｒｕｓ,ＡＩＶ) ,属于正粘病毒科。ＡＩＶ的基因组为单股负链ＲＮＡ ,共有 8个独立的ＲＮＡ片段 ,8个片段的核酸总长度约为1 9ｋｂ ,由于基因组核酸在病毒增殖过程中很容易发生重排 ,因而使ＡＩＶ的抗原性和致病性很容易发生变异。Ａ…     

H5亚型禽流感病毒血凝素单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

以禽流感病毒A/Chicken/Hubei/327/2004(H5N1)免疫Balb/c小鼠,将免疫鼠脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,用血凝抑制试验筛选细胞培养上清,采用有限稀释法对阳性孔进行克隆,3次克隆后获得7株能稳定分泌抗H5亚型禽流感病毒血凝素单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为1C4,1D4,1E12,2E11,4C12,4G2和5E12。细胞培养上清HI效价为24~27,腹水HI效价可达210~218。所有单抗与禽流感H7和H9亚型标准血凝抗原,新城疫病毒和鸡传染性支气管炎病毒无交叉反应。在细胞上的中和试验显示具有较高的中和效价,获得的单克隆抗体可在禽流感流行病学的监测中发挥重要作用。     

H5亚型禽流感病毒血凝素基因的克隆及表达

研究以RT-PCR方法从H5N1亚型禽流感病毒A/DKZJ/12/00(H5N1)中获得禽流感病毒HA部分基因,将目的基因定向克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a,将测序和酶切验证正确的阳性重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21,经IPTG诱导表达。结果表明该蛋白得到了可溶性的表达,表达蛋白的分子质量为25ku;Western-blot分析结果表明,该蛋白可以与禽流感H5阳性血清反应(禽流感的单克隆抗体所识别),检测HA的抗体时具有良好的免疫原性。     

南阳牛BoLA-DRA基因的克隆及其在大肠埃希菌中的表达

为克隆南阳牛BoLA-DRA基因,构建原核表达载体并研究该基因在大肠埃希菌中的表达。从南阳牛脾脏组织中提取总RNA,利用RT-PCR方法扩增得到BoLA-DRA基因,将其克隆至pGEM-Teasy克隆载体上,转化感受态细胞DH5α,经测序鉴定后,进一步亚克隆至原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,构建出重组表达质粒,经IPTG诱导表达。结果表明,本试验成功克隆了大小为917 bp的BoLA-DRA基因,重组质粒pGEX-4T-DRA在大肠埃希菌中以包涵体形式表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定大小为54.4 ku,与预期结果一致。为进一步研究该蛋白的功能及制备抗体奠定了基础。     

Expression of avian influenza virus hemagglutinin by recombinant fowlpox virus

A vaccine strain of fowlpox virus (FPV) was genetically engineered to produce avian influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA). This was accomplished by inserting a cDNA copy of the avian influenza virus HA gene, which was regulated by a vaccinia virus promoter, into the FPV thymidine kinase (TK) gene. Two types of recombinant viruses, differing only in the orientation of the HA gene relative to an adjacent foreign gene (lacZ), were created. Following preliminary identification of FPV recombinants based on the generation of beta-galactosidase (lacZ gene product), correct insertion of the HA gene into the genomes of these viruses was verified by hybridization studies. Susceptible chickens vaccinated with these FPV recombinants produced specific hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against the HA antigen. In view of this immune response, these viruses may serve as vaccines against avian influenza virus. In this regard, they appeared to be less virulent than the parental virus.     

金刚烷胺在禽流感病毒M2基因原核表达中的作用

禽流感病毒(Avian Influenza virus，AIV)为正粘病毒科A型流感病毒，其基因组是由8个分节段的单股负链RNA组成，分别编码8个不同功能的蛋白，PB1、PB2、PA、HA、NP、NA、M1和M2及非结构蛋白NSl1和NS2。M2基因位于AIV基因组的第7个节段上，包含14～39和728～995两个部分，其初始转录产物在剪切40～727位的内含子后，拼接成成熟的mRNA后翻译成M2蛋白。M2蛋白是禽流感病毒的跨膜蛋白，具有H^ 离子通道的功能，     

Structural features of the avian influenza virus hemagglutinin that influence virulence

Analysis of the structure of the avian influenza (AI) virus hemagglutinin (HA) gene and protein has yielded a wealth of information on the virulence mechanisms of influenza viruses. The AI hemagglutinin appears to be unique in its capacity to accept basic amino acids at its proteolytic cleavage site (PCS). The association of multiple basic (MB) amino acids, HA cleavage, tissue spread and virulence by AI strains first proposed in the late 1970s and early 1980s [Klenk, H.D., Rott, R., Orlich, M., 1977. J. Gen. Virol. 36, 151-161; Bosch, F.X., Garten, W., Klenk, H.D., Rott, R., 1981. Virology 113, 725-735] has held fast for two decades now. While other structural characteristics and other genes can certainly influence virulence, the presence of MB amino acids at the PCS has provided a hallmark structural feature which justifies continuing sequence analysis of emerging field isolates of AI strains. In addition to this structural feature, the distal tip of the HA is prone to appearance and disappearance of glycosylation sites, some of which have been associated with virulence.The recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic AI in Mexico, Australia, Pakistan, Hong Kong and in the ongoing outbreak of moderately pathogenic H7 avian influenza in the northeast US have all provided new and useful information regarding the role of HA RNA and protein structure in both virulence and host adaptation. We have previously noted that stable RNA secondary structure near the PCS is related to the acquisition of virulence and have proposed that the secondary structure may promote the insertion of basic amino acids. In this report we evaluate the phylogenetic relationships for three recent isolates of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and the possible virulence factors associated with their primary and secondary structure.     

Amantadine resistance among hemagglutinin subtype 5 strains of avian influenza virus

Several avian influenza virus strains of hemagglutinin subtype 5 were assayed for sensitivity to the antiviral drug amantadine. Most strains exhibited little sensitivity to the drug as measured by plaque reduction. The A/Chicken/Scotland/59 (CS59), however, was highly sensitive, making it easily distinguishable from the other H5 strains. Drug sensitivity of the viruses was also assayed in chicken embryos. The in ovo patterns of amantadine sensitivity differed from those detected in cell culture. The CS59 isolate could not be distinguished from all the other strains on the basis of its response to amantadine in ovo. Although amantadine protected chickens inoculated with CS59 from morbidity and mortality, drug-resistant viruses were readily isolated from the infected birds. As found with other amantadine-resistant variants, the structure of the matrix gene was altered in the resistant isolates. These results demonstrate that amantadine resistance is widespread among avian influenza viruses of the H5 subtype, that drug sensitivity in cell culture does not necessarily reflect responses to amantadine in ovo and in vivo, and, as previously found, amantadine-resistant derivatives of H5 strains may be isolated from birds protected by the drug.     

H9亚型禽流感病毒血凝素特异性单因子血清制备

为制备特异性的H9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)单因子血清,本研究分别将6株不同亚群的H9亚型AIV的血凝素(HA)基因以鸡偏嗜的密码子进行优化,经全基因合成插入高效真核表达载体pCAGGS中,构建的真核重组质粒转染293T细胞进行瞬时表达,间接免疫荧光试验结果表明,重组质粒中的HA目的基因获得表达.将重组质粒以200μg/只的剂量免疫1月龄SPF鸡,6周后采血分离血清.交叉微量血凝抑制试验结果表明,血凝抑制效价可达8 long2～12 log2,灵敏度高,与其他AIV亚型抗原无交叉反应,型特异性强.     

禽流感病毒神经氨酸酶基因在重组杆状病毒中的表达

根据已知H5N1亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)神经氨酸酶(NA)基因序列设计并合成引物。从H5N1亚型病毒感染的鸡胚尿囊液中提取总RNA,反转录后采用高保真DNA聚合酶扩增NA基因,构建转移载体pFastBacHTA-NA,并与大肠杆菌DH10Bac的Bacmid质粒重组,构建重组转座质粒rBacmid-NA。在脂质体介导下将rBacmid-NA转染sf9昆虫细胞获得重组杆状病毒。在sf9昆虫细胞中表达NA蛋白,通过SDS-PAGE、Western blot和激光共聚焦检测蛋白。结果表明:表达的NA蛋白分子量约为53 ku,该蛋白能与H5N1亚型AIV血清发生特异性反应,证明NA蛋白表达正确,具有良好的免疫反应性。     

H3亚型禽流感病毒血凝素特异性单克隆抗体的制备

以H3亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,用血凝抑制试验(HI)筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞并克隆化。结果获得了4株针对H3亚型禽流感病毒血凝素的单克隆抗体,分别命名为1D7、1F9、5A4、5F5。这些单克隆抗体小鼠腹水HI效价为212～214。用H1、H6、H10亚型禽流感病毒各2株,H4、H5、H9和新城疫病毒(NDV)各1株进行特异性试验。结果表明:所有这些单抗仅与H3亚型AIV发生特异性HI反应,而不与其他亚型AIV及NDV反应。用28株H3亚型禽流感病毒进行排谱试验,结果证明:4株单抗均具有广谱性,其中1F9、5A4、5F5与受试的28株H3亚型AIV均反应,而1D7只与其中的26株反应。以上单抗将为控制畜禽及人类的流感提供必需的诊断试剂。     

H5亚型禽流感病毒单克隆抗体的制备

禽流感病毒基于其表面囊膜蛋白血凝素（HA）和神经氨酸酶（NA）表面抗原的不同，可分为不同的亚型，各亚型之间变异较大，其中H5亚型为强毒之一，也是引发2004年世界禽流感暴发的主要血清亚型。我国现阶段具有检测禽流感病毒的一系列较成熟的诊断方法，包括病毒检测和抗体检测，其中病毒的检测对于禽流感的确诊具有十分重要的价值。在病毒检测的方法中，病毒分离需要的实验周期较长，难以达到对高致病性禽流感快速诊断的需要；RT—PCR方法常由于多种客观因素的干扰而出现假阳性或假阴性结果，且检测成本较高；