德昌水牛与杂交水牛乳生化组成的分析

对德昌水牛、广西水牛×尼里拉菲水牛F1代乳生化组成进行了分析。结果表明:德昌水牛及F1代乳中蛋白质、乳脂含量和pH较高;SDS-PAGE分析显示德昌水牛及F1代乳蛋白中乳清蛋白比例高,而酪蛋白相对含量低于普通牛乳;德昌水牛乳中的氨基酸含量显著高于杂交水牛和普通牛。     

Ultrastructure and chemical composition of calcite urinary calculi in Chinese swamp buffalo

Four urinary calculi, derived from Chinese swamp buffalo, were studied by using qualitative chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and qualitative energy dispersive (electron probe) microanalysis. Qualitative chemical analysis showed that the predominant ions were calcium and carbonate with small amounts of magnesium and ammonium. X-ray diffraction confirmed that the calculi were primarily composed of calcium carbonate (calcite). On ultrastructural examination, three apparently distinct structural regions were identified in the calculi: outer large laminations; cavities containing variable numbers of small spheres and rods; and large spheres. There did not appear to be material that acted as a nidus and all regions, on qualitative electron probe analysis, contained primarily calcium with trace amounts of magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and chloride. It was concluded that calcite calculi in Chinese swamp buffalo are probably formed through a process of asynchronous layering and that nidus formation may not be necessary. Moreover, the ultrastructure of the calcite calculi is similar to that reported for siliceous calculi in ruminants and this suggests that similar factors may be involved in their formation.     

Effects of etorphine and succinyldicholine oil blood composition in elephant and buffalo

Blood composition was investigated in anaesthetized elephant and Buffalo and in elephant immobilized by succinyldicholine. Results obtained indicate that data from undisturbed animals shot in the brain closely approximate the situation in anaesthetized animals, except for blood-gas composition. Cortisol concentrations increase after anaesthetization and then decrease again, suggesting that the procedures involved are experienced to some extent as physiological stress. In the case of animals paralysed by succinyldicholine, Cortisol and blood-gets results suggest that when this substance is used in culling procedures, elephant should be killed by a shot into the brain within 16 min after darting.     

利用分光光度计检测水牛精子密度

应用法国IMV卡苏公司生产的精液精子浓度分光光度计检测水牛精液精子密度,并与国产精液浓度分光光度计、血球计数板两种仪器的检测结果作比较。三种检测结果差异不显著（P＞0．05）。     

Effect of vitrification medium composition and exposure time on post-thaw development of buffalo embryos produced in vitro

This study examined the effects of different vitrification medium compositions and exposure times (2, 4 and 6min) on the post-thaw development of buffalo embryos produced in vitro (IVP). The compositions were (1) 40% ethylene glycol (EG); (2) 25% glycerol (G)+25% EG, and (3) 25% EG+25% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The base medium was 25mM Hepes-buffered TCM-199+10% steer serum +50microg/mL gentamycin. The IVP embryos were cryopreserved by a two-step vitrification method at 24 degrees C. After warming, the embryos were cultured in vitro for 72h. The vitrification of morulae and blastocysts in 25% EG+25% DMSO with an exposure time of 2 and 4min, respectively, resulted in a better hatching rate than other combinations. The hatching rate of morulae vitrified in 25% EG+25% G, 25% EG+25% DMSO, and blastocysts vitrified in 40% EG, 25% EG+25% DMSO were negatively correlated with exposure time. However, the hatching rate of blastocysts vitrified in 25% EG+25% G was positively correlated with exposure time. The study demonstrated that the post-thaw in vitro development of IVP buffalo embryos was affected by the vitrification medium composition and exposure time.     

The intravenous glucose tolerance test in water buffalo

OBJECTIVE: The response to intravenous glucose loading in the buffalo using the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IGTT) was investigated to provide a reference for intravenous glucose injection in buffaloes. METHOD: Twelve healthy, fasted, male swamp buffaloes were divided into three groups. Group I: six buffaloes were given 50% glucose at a dosage of 1 g/kg body weight via the jugular vein. Group II: three buffaloes received normal saline. Group III: three buffaloes were not injected. Blood samples were taken from the opposite vein at 60 and 10 min pre-injection (pre60 and pre10), and at 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360 and 420 min post-glucose injection (PGI). Plasma glucose was analyzed by the oxidase method. Insulin and glucagon were soon determined with a human radioimmunoassay kit. The insulin (pmol/l)/glucose (mmol/l) ratios (IGR) were also calculated for each sampling time. RESULTS: Mean plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations of buffaloes in groups II and III were similar at all the sampling times (p > 0.05) and the curves of the IGR for group II and group III were flat throughout. Group I Buffaloes showed an immediate 20 times increase in the mean plasma glucose concentration PGI, over the pre60 and pre10. The peak plasma insulin concentration occurred at 30 min PGI. The mean plasma glucose and insulin concentrations remained above pre-administration levels until 420 min PGI (p < 0.05). However, the mean plasma glucagon concentrations were different only at 1 and 5 min PGI sampling times. The curve of the IGR for group I showed an initial decrease at 1 min PGI, and fluctuated from 10.18 to 25.55 for the remainder of the sampling period. The correlation analysis showed that the mean plasma glucose concentration was positively correlated with insulin level (r = 0.73, p < 0.005), and significantly negatively correlated with mean plasma glucagon (r = -0.58, p < 0.05). The mean plasma insulin level did not show significant correlation with the glucagon (r = 0.06, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The hyperglycemia, high insulin, and protracted glucose and insulin curves, the initial decrease in the insulin/glucose ratio indicates that there was an unexpected glucose tolerance to acute intravenous glucose loading in water buffalo compared with other ruminants. The possibly suggested intravenous glucose load in buffaloes is about 5.09-8.28 mmol/l.     

水牛胚胎生殖干细胞饲养层体系的建立

本试验对水牛胚胎生殖干细胞饲养层体系建立进行了研究。首先比较了组织块法和酶消化法培养水牛胎儿成纤维细胞的差异;其次探讨丝裂霉素处理水牛胎儿成纤维细胞的有效时间;最后以建立的饲养层体系培养水牛胚胎生殖干细胞。结果表明：（1）组织块法培养的细胞状态优于酶消化法,组织块培养法更适于水牛胎儿成纤维细胞的分离培养;（2）第三代的水牛胎儿成纤维细胞核型正常,状态良好,可用于饲养层的制备;（3）通过MTT和Brdu法检测,确定10mg／L的丝裂霉素C处理水牛胎儿成纤维细胞3．5h能有效抑制成纤维细胞增殖且细胞形态良好;（4）在本试验条件下制备的饲养层能有效维持水牛胚胎生殖千细胞至8代。     

摩拉水牛基因组DNA的RAPD分析

摩拉水牛俗称印度水牛,原产于印度的雅么纳河西部,它是世界上著名的乳用水牛品种,年平均产奶量220 0～300 0 kg,乳脂率7.6%.该牛具有耐粗饲、耐热、抗病能力强、繁殖率高、遗传稳定的优点,但集群性强,性较敏感,下奶稍难,宜在水源多的地方饲养.     

新形势下的奶水牛业发展

一、把握奶水牛业发展的历史机遇从20世纪80年代起,我国奶水牛养殖拉开序幕。历经20多年艰难坎坷的发展,奶水牛产业已有了较好的发展基础,政策环境不断优化,科技支撑能力不断增强,资金投入力度不断加大,产业链条不断延伸,产品市场不断扩展,发展     

Effects of increasing dietary protein supplies on milk yield,milk composition,and nitrogen use efficiency in lactating buffalo

Nitrogen efficiency of lactating buffalo can be increased by providing dietary crude protein (CP) precisely to the requirement. Twelve lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes (6 primiparous and 6 multiparous) at 76?±?37.5 days in milk (DIM) were used in this study. The treatments were diets providing three levels of CP (% DM basis): (1) low-protein?=?11%; (2) medium-protein?=?13.1%; (3) high-protein?=?14.2% according to a 3?×?3 Latin square design. The period length of each treatment was 21 days and the total duration of experiment was 63 days. The diets were designed to provide similar energy. The nitrogen intake of buffalo increased linearly by increasing CP levels. Dry matter intake showed a tendency toward decrease in quadratic fashion, whereas milk yield decreased linearly in high-protein diet. No effect was observed on milk protein yield and content. Increasing the dietary CP levels increased plasma urea nitrogen, whereas glucose and triacylglycerol levels remain unaffected. Efficiency of dietary nitrogen utilization to milk averaged 21% and showed both linear and quadratic decreases by increasing the protein supply levels. In conclusion, low CP level showed higher milk production with low plasma urea nitrogen and high nitrogen efficiency in this experiment.