帕尔曼环式刨片机使用与维修点滴

在刨花板生产中,刨花的形态好坏、产量的大小,是决定刨花板优质高产的重要条件之一。而刨花形态的好坏,刨花的产量大小,则取决于刨片机本身的性能与工作时的技术状态。 西德帕尔曼环式刨片机是一种选用锯材剩余物或技丫材、小径木,削成的40×30(mm)木片为原料的系列产品,根据刨花板产量的需要,可选用相应的型号。由于这种环式刨片机选用了资源丰富,价格低廉的原料,使刨花板生产得到了最经济的工艺刨     

双动刀环式刨片机分料装置结构设计与仿真分析

双动刀环式刨片机是刨花板备料工段不可或缺的装备之一,随着刀环宽度的增加,双动刀环式刨片机刀环宽度方向磨损不均匀问题越加明显。根据阻挡分流原理设计一种双8字形分料装置,主要由一次分料板、二次分料板、连接杆和传动轴组成。通过计算流体动力学（computational fluid dynamics,CFD）分析双8字形分料装置的分料翼板弯折角度和分料装置转速对木片运动轨迹的影响,结果表明该分料装置的应用可以使木片在刀环宽度方向上分布均匀,有助于解决刀环磨损不均匀的问题。研究结果可为双动刀环式刨片机的结构改进提供理论依据与技术支撑。     

BX4612/5刨片机刀片支承座加工工艺改进

对刨片机刀片支承座加工工艺流程进行了改进，以保证加工基准的统一。改进设计的专用工装提高了刀片支承座的加工精度和生产效率，使BX4612/5环式刨片机能真正做到以产保销。     

竹大片刨片机进料系统结构的改进设计

为了实现高效刨片,在送料过程中减少竹筒的倾斜、搭桥,准确控制送料进给量,提高刨片质量,优化设计了竹大片刨片机的油缸推料进给系统.     

BX446型刀轴式刨片机通过检测鉴定

ＢＸ４４６型刀轴式刨片机通过检测鉴定镇江林业机械厂在引进、消化、吸收西德Ｐａｌｌｍａｎ公司刀轴式创片机全套软件的基础上，转化设计研制的ＢＸ４４６型刀轴式刨片机于１９９３年１０月１４日至１６日在山东省寿光人造板厂通过了检测鉴定．该鉴定是由林业部林业机械...     

蒸煮——刨片联合吊机

新广州家具厂为把进口的大型卧式刨片机安装上去,需要大型吊装机。全厂职工经过几个月奋战,自制了刨片联合吊机,实践证明效果良好。该机节约钢材及投资在70%以上,能在时间较短,花钱较少的前提下实现原木卸车落池。由池起木、运输、卸至刨片机全线机械化,一机多能,是一个多、快、好、省的办法。该机的结构布局如图所示,工作特性如下:     

关于鼓式刨片机刀鼓设计中几个问题的探讨

鼓式刨片机是刨花板生产中比较理想的刨花制备设备,它的关键部件是刀鼓。本文首先介绍了刀鼓的主要类型和双曲面刀鼓的结构特点,然后对双曲面刀鼓设计中双曲面尺寸、底刀双曲线尺寸、驱动功率和生产能力的计算以及诸切削参数的选择和计算进行探讨,并就BX444长材刨片机实际检测结果,验证了文中所述的部分计算方法。     

提高双鼓轮刨片机刨切质量的途径

备料工段是刨花板生产线上的重要工段之一，制备出的刨花质量的优劣直接影响到板子的机械物理力学性能。目前，国内备料工段主要是以小径木、枝丫材加工剩余物等原料先由削片机切削成木片，再由双彭轮刨片机将木片刨切成刨花的加工方式。采用这种加工方式，其主要优点是对原料要求较低、原料来源广生产率较高。但由于双鼓轮刨片机刨切质量的影响因素较多，要提高刨切刨花的质量，主要从以下几个方面着手。1确保木片的质量普通刨花板用的木片长度一般在30～40mm。高质量的木片应长度均匀，碎料含量少，木片的厚度不能偏厚，其厚度尺寸应比长…     

国内最大产能BX4614刨片机成功亮相于上海木工展

在亚洲规模最大、最具影响力、历史最悠久的木工行业专业盛会之一的2011年上海第十一届中国国际林业、木工机械与供应展览会上,代表我国唯一以生产林业机械尤其是人造板机械为主的大型国有企业,别具风格、高大醒目的中国福马机械集团公司270m~2展台中,镇江中福马机械有限公司展台前,挤满了人群,驻足观望代表国内最高水准的BX4614刨片机主机样机,该机的出现宣告国内产量最大、技术领先的新型环式刨片     

基于AI的刀具磨损对刨花质量和刨花板性能影响的评估

为推动人造板智能制造的发展,本文建立了一种基于AI计算机视觉技术的刨花尺寸与形状的检测方法,能自动识别刨花尺寸大小并区分出杆状、类矩形、类三角形和其他型4种刨花形状。在此基础上,对在不同切削时间的刨花形态变化、刨片机刀具磨损程度和工作电流进行了监测和诊断。同时,用这些刨花分组制备了相应的刨花板,并对其物理力学性能进行测试,建立了刨片机刀具磨损程度、电流消耗量、刨花形态与刨花板性能的数学关系模型,并找到刨片机优化换刀时间。结果表明：基于AI的刨花形态检测不但能够监测刀具磨损过程中刨花形态的变化,还可以有效预测刨花板的产品性能。在给定的生产条件下,刨片机开机运行2～4 h内切削出的刨花所制造的刨花板综合性能最好。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.