鉴定菜豆品种的电泳方法

应用非变性的梯度聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、SDS线性梯度聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、聚丙烯酰胺和琼脂糖凝胶电聚焦分析了种子形态近似但茎生长习性不同(一个直立、一个缠绕)的两个菜豆品种的种子蛋白,结果表明它们的种子蛋白在电荷和分子量组成上都有显著差别.尤其以SDS电泳谱差别最大,种子系由北京市种子公司提供.总共33种亚基,两个品种共有的仅13个左右.因此我们提议进行菜豆品种鉴定,最好用SDS线性梯度聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳.本文首次报道菜豆种子蛋白有高分子量亚基存在.在较低分子量范围(10—25千道尔顿)存在变异,并可用在品种鉴定上.     

不同类型的菜豆种子性状研究

菜豆种子类型的丰富多采,在蔬菜种子中居于首位。虽然有些品种间种子的形状、大小、颜色等差异不大,或某些性状常因外界条件的变化而发生一些变异,但菜豆种子的性状仍然是进行菜豆分类研究的重要依据     

菜豆种子贮藏蛋白多态性与品种主要性状的关系研究初报

采用改良聚丙烯酰胺电泳方法对5个菜豆品种种子贮藏蛋白的盐溶、水溶部分多态性进行分析,并与菜豆品种特性及亲缘关系作出比较,结果表明:改良法电泳方便可行,效果良好;菜豆种子盐溶蛋白与品种特性具有较强的一致性。     

根腐病对菜豆、豇豆的侵害与防治措施

菜豆、豇豆都是人们喜食的蔬菜,也是日常大量供应的蔬菜品种,因此在各地种植面积均十分广泛。然而近几年根腐病为害对菜豆、豇豆生产影响较大,发病轻时可减产10%～20%,发病重时减产可达50%～60%,特别严重时几乎绝收。在常年种植菜豆、豇豆的地区,菜农朋友必须重视该病的防治工作。1.发病症状①菜豆。主要侵害其根部或茎基部,病部可见黑褐色     

对意大利菜豆生态型种子贮藏蛋白的HPLC分析来揭示其多态性

豆球蛋白和豌豆球蛋白是豆类物种的主要多聚分子贮藏蛋白。菜豆因含有较高的种子蛋白(约为干物重的20％)而被称为蛋白物种。菜豆蛋白和外源凝集素家族的成员属于豌豆球蛋白，是菜豆的主要种子贮藏蛋白。这些蛋白大部分是由菜豆蛋白(PHAS)组成，     

低温胁迫对菜豆种子吸胀期间生理特性和发芽能力的影响

为探讨菜豆种子在低温胁迫下吸胀期间的生理及发芽能力。以12个菜豆品种的种子为试验材料,设置常温对照(CK)和4℃低温(LT),测定低温胁迫对菜豆种子吸胀期间的生理特性和发芽能力的影响。结果表明：与常温对照相比,低温处理的12种菜豆的发芽率均有所降低,根系活力在不同的品种中表现不同,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性大部分降低,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性降低,过氧化物酶(POD)活性在4个品种中显著升高;丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性蛋白含量在不同的品种变化不同,但两者之间呈正相关关系;电解质渗漏率在4个品种中增高。不同菜豆品种的种子对吸涨冷害的响应模式存在很多大的差异,解析高抗型和敏感型菜豆种子响应吸胀冷害的生理生化变化,可为进一步筛选抗吸胀冷害的菜豆品种提供理论基础。     

破除菜豆种子硬实方法初探

研究运用热水浸种和机械破损种皮等物理方法,初步探索了菜豆种子硬实形成的原因和打破硬实的方法。试验结果表明：种子硬实现象与种子体积、种子百粒重（重量）成低度负相关。应用划破种皮方法可以使菜豆8天后发芽率由33%上升到97%;80℃热水浸种2 min和5 min方法处理种子,8天后发芽率由33%分别提高到98%和91%。上述3种方法均可以打破菜豆硬实现象,使菜豆种子的发芽率达到或超过标准,说明菜豆硬实种子的形成机理主要与种皮致密透水性差有关。在生产实践中从操作简便和成本的角度考虑,使用80℃热水浸种2 min处理种子打破硬实是最佳选择。     

矮生菜豆种子胎萌发生特性的初步研究

研究了若干矮生菜豆品种在不同年份和采种设施下种子的胎萌发生特性.试验结果表明:(1)品种间在种子胎萌发生率方面存在显著差异,有的品种不发生胎萌,有的品种其胎萌种子发生频率在20%以上;(2)对于能够发生种子胎萌的品种而言,采种年份和设施对胎萌种子发生率有明显的影响;(3)种子胎萌一般在开花后35d左右开始发生;(4)胎萌种子的发生部位具有明显的规律,即胎萌种子主要发生在植株的下部和豆荚的近喙端.     

耐旱耐盐棉花种子萌发的影响因子分析初报

为了明确耐旱、耐盐和敏旱敏盐棉花品种播前影响种子萌发的因子,以耐旱、耐盐和敏旱敏盐3种不同类型棉花品种为材料,研究温度、浸种时间,光照对种子萌发的影响,探讨在相同的浸种温度和时间处理中,不同类型棉种是否存在种子吸水率、发芽势的差异。结果表明:棉花纸间最佳发芽温度为29℃。3种类型的品种都是浸种前期6 h吸水快,后期慢,在浸种22 h达到吸水饱和;中H 177、中9835和中S 9612的种子吸水率分别在64%、73%和75%时,种子达到最高发芽势分别为96%、92.5%和88%。不同类型品种种子发芽势最高时种子吸水率存在较大差异,同期种子吸水率表现为耐盐品种>敏旱敏盐品种>耐旱品种,2种处理温度显示,相同吸水时间内同一品种29℃吸水率>20℃吸水率。3个品种比较,耐旱品种吸水率低,发芽势高,耐盐品种吸水率最高,发芽势低;3类品种均在达到饱和吸水率前发芽势最高,饱和吸水后继续浸种种子发芽势下降。不同品种对光照敏感性存在差异,光照能提高种子发芽势。结论:棉花种子萌发最佳温度为29℃;耐旱品种中H 177 29℃浸种18 h吸水率64%时达到发芽势最高,敏旱敏盐品种中S 9612和耐盐品种中9835均在29℃浸种20 h吸水率分别为75%、73%时达到发芽势最高。光照能提高棉花种子的发芽势。     

外源亚精胺对低温冷害下菜豆种子萌发及抗性的影响

为了探讨外源亚精胺对低温条件下菜豆种子萌发与种子耐低温性的影响。本研究以菜豆品种‘热那亚’为试验材料,设置常温对照(CK)、4℃低温(LT)以及4℃低温条件下添加1 mmol/L Spd (LT+Spd)三个处理组,对其发芽率、发芽指数、种子活力及生理指标进行测定。结果显示：4℃低温条件下,添加1 mmol/L的Spd后菜豆种子发芽率、发芽指数和种子活力分别提高了95.69%、136.10%和217.12%;电解质外渗率降低;抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT的活性升高;H2O2、O2-、MDA、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白的含量降低。由此可见,施用外源亚精胺能够缓解低温胁迫对菜豆种子造成的伤害,提高菜豆种子的耐低温性,从而提高菜豆种子的发芽率、发芽指数和种子活力。     

Patterns of genetic diversity in landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Galicia

Knowledge of patterns of genetic diversity among existing cultivars helps to broaden the genetic base of new cultivars and maximizes the use of available germplasm resources. This study examined the organization of diversity for morphological traits in 66 landraces of cultivated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) from Galicia and its relationship with phaseolin seed protein diversity. Data on growth habit, seed and pod traits obtained from field evaluations at two locations during the 1989—91 cropping seasons were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. Cluster analysis based on 14 quantitative variables and five qualitative variables identified 11 groups. The landraces were also characterized by phaseolin electrophoresis. The results allowed separation of these landraces into Middle and Andean American groups, which could be further divided into at least eight groups within the Andean American cultivars and three within the Mesoamerican cultivars. These groups in turn corresponded to the previously described races Nueva Granada and Peru of South American origin, and races Durango, Jalisco and Mesoamerica from the Middle American domestication centre. These results confirm the existence of two major groups of germplasm in the cultivated common bean landraces from Galicia, Mesoamerican vs. Andean American.     

Variation of seed storage proteins in landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Basilicata,Southern Italy

Summary Twenty landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Sarconi and Rotonda two locations of Basilicata, a Southern Italy region, were screened for variation in seed storage proteins (phaseolin and phytohemagglutinin) by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE and IEF-SDS/PAGE). No variation of the main seed protein fractions was observed within each landrace. Phaseolin patterns type C and T were exhibited from the landraces; the type C resulted predominant with a frequency of 70%. Only the C type was observed for the landraces of Rotonda, T and C for those from Sarconi. Two variants were observed for the phytohemagglutinin by SDS-PAGE, one was common to eighteen landraces. However, these variants submitted to IEF-SDS/PAGE resulted similar to the type T_G2described by Brown. The importance to safeguard these landraces is stressed by the observation that the more spread commercial cultivars of common bean growing in Southern-Italy had a T phaseolin pattern. A reduction of C type diffusion could produce the loss a typical trait of common bean in Mediterranean regions.     

Phaseolin Diversity in the Tepary Bean, Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray

The tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) is grown mainly in and regions of Mexico and the southwestern U.S. as a subsistence crop by small farmers. It is also a store of genetic variability for traits such as disease and pest resistance and stress tolerance to improve the common bean (P. vulgaris L.). To determine geographic patterns of variation and the influence of domestication on genetic variability, the genetic diversity of phaseolin, the major seed storage protein, was characterized among 55 wild and 8 cultivated teparies using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fifteen electrophoretic phaseolin patterns were identified among wild forms, whereas only one pattern was exhibited by cultivars. This result suggests a single domestication in this species leading to a strong reduction in diversity. An additional finding is the divergence m phaseolin types between populations east and west of the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains.     

Phenotypic variation in a core collection of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the Netherlands

Forty accessions, forming a core collection of mainly bush type of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm in the Netherlands, were evaluated for 14 qualitative and quantitative traits at the Agricultural University, Wageningen (WAU), the Netherlands in 1992. These and an additional 117 Dutch accessions, mainly collected in private home gardens, were also evaluated for phaseolin seed protein pattern, and morphological and agronomic traits at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT, Spanish acronym), Cali, Columbia between 1987 and 1997. Multivariate and principal component analyses at both WAU and CIAT indicated existence of one large group with no discernable patterns among Dutch common bean collections of landraces, garden forms and cultivars. However, when phaseolin, an evolutionary, biochemical marker, was used as an initial classification criterion followed by use of morphological markers, the two major gene pools; Andean and Middle American with two races in each (Chile and Nueva Granada in Andean, and Durango and Mesoamerica in Middle American) were identified. The Andean gene pool was predominant (136 of 157 accessions), especially the race Nueva Granada (126 accessions) characterized by the bush determinate growth habit type I and T phaseolin. The new core collection comprised 31 accessions. Bean races Chile, Durango, and Mesoamerica were represented by 10, 7, and 14 accessions, respectively. Of the 9 French or snap bean accessions six possessed characteristics of race Mesoamerica and three belonged to Durango race. Occurrence of these and a large number of other recombinants strongly suggested considerable hybridization and gene exchange between Andean and Middle American gene pools, thus blurring the natural boundaries and forming a large single group of common bean germplasm in the Netherlands. The inter-gene-pool recombinants of both dry and French beans should be of special interest to breeders for use as bridging-parents for development of broad-based populations. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Diversity in seed quality traits of common bean populations from Basilicata (Southern Italy)

The diversity of nutritional and culinary traits in 21 populations of common bean from the Basilicata region was studied for three consecutive harvests (1995‐97). The results were compared with the six commercial cultivars widely grown in the region. Some populations deserve particular attention since they had large seeds, high protein content, low trypsin inhibitor levels and short cooking time. The cluster analysis showed that 18 populations clustered in two main groups and that the bush populations were clearly distinguishable from the climbing ones. When phaseolin type and some plant morphological traits were added to the nutritional and culinary traits to classify these populations, it was observed that they resembled the race Peru (Andean gene pool).     

Modification of Heterosis for Protein and Yield Components by Bean Common Mosaic Virus in Phaseolus vulgaris

The effect of bean common mosaic virus on yield, yield components, and seed protein content was studied in tour bean cultivars and their F1 hybrids. The results of this experiment showed 3 significant decrease for yield in diseased plants; the 100 seed weight was also significantly reduced in one of the diseased varieties. The percentage of protein was increased m virus-diseased plants: this increase was due to non-protein nitrogen. Usually, the percentage of heterosis in virus-diseased F1 hybrid of two susceptible varieties was decreased while in F1 hybrids of “susceptible × resistant” varieties it was increased. This study shows the danger of drawing conclusions in quantitative genetic studies then dealing with both diseased and healthy plants.     

Genetic and chemical analyses of six cowpea and two <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaseolus</Emphasis> bean species differing in resistance to weevil pest

The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability among six cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars differing in their resistance to Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) weevil. Two resistant bean cultivars were used to compare between the sensitive, moderate tolerant, and high tolerant cowpea cultivars. The differentiations were performed by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting, protein concentration and organic and non-organic components in seed coat. Six polymorphic primers were identified, resulting in different informative bands. Based on polymorphic profiles, three clusters were formed. Clustering was mainly affected by the resistance to weevil pest. The sensitive cowpea cultivars were separated in one group, the moderate tolerant and high tolerant cultivars came in separate groups, and finally, the resistant bean cultivars separated clearly in one distinct group. The most interesting result was represented by concentration of total protein in the seed coat. The protein concentration in the resistant bean cultivars were approximately 50% less than concentration in each of the moderate tolerant and sensitive cultivars of cowpea. Ferric ions were about 25% less than the moderate tolerant and sensitive cultivars. The concentrations of calcium and potassium in seed coats were higher in the resistant beans than in cowpea cultivars. Cobalt was about four times higher in resistant bean than in the sensitive and moderate tolerant cowpea cultivars, which may play a major role in seed resistance to weevil.     

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers variability among cultivars and landraces of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of south-Brazil

To evaluate the variability among cultivars and landraces of common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.), 15 cultivars and 18 landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.), a undefined species of Phaseolus,two landraces of Vigna angularis L., and a landrace of soybean (Glycine maxL.), were screened with fifteen oligonucleotide primers in PCR reactions. An average of 20.3 RAPD bands were scored per primer. A total of 304 amplification products were scored of which 88.8% were polymorphic among Phaseolus genotypes. Based on the RAPD markers, four major clusters were formed. Three clusters corresponded to the soybean, to the two Vigna angularis landraces, and to the Phaseolus sp. landrace, respectively. The fourth cluster include all the landraces and cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris. This large group could be separated into three subgroups that were correlated with the phaseolin patterns and the average seed weight of the genotypes. The analysis shows that most of the landraces collected in South Brazil (17 out of 18) belong to the Andean gene pool, and most of the cultivars (13 out of 15) belong to the Middle American gene pool. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Interactions amongst Grain Variables in Various Dwarf Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars

Common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important leguminous crop. Seed variables such as protein, oil, cellulose, ash, nitrogen-free extract, testa and moisture contents and the thousand-seed weights of seven bean cultivars currently cultivated in Turkey, namely, A-111 Pinto, Çalı, Yunus-90, Eskişehir-855, Şehirali-90, Karacaşehir-90 and Romano, were analysed in the laboratory with respect to their effects on the quality of bean seed grown under Central Anatolian ecological conditions. Statistically significant variations were found by ANOVA amongst the cultivars for all the variables examined, except the ash content of the seeds, and different groups were obtained by Duncan's multiple range test. Correlations amongst the variables as well as their direct and indirect effects on protein content were also calculated using the correlation and path coefficients analyses, respectively.     

菜豆新种质W9301植物学性状与品质评价初报

本文以来自哈尔滨郊区的菜豆新种质W9301和3份普通栽培菜豆为材料，对其植物学性状及菜豆嫩英中干物质、叶绿素、纤维素、脂肪、氨基酸含量进行了较系统的比较研究，结果表明：新种质W9301植株蔓生，分枝多，生长繁茂，缠绕性强。多花多英．种英硬而小．种子极小．百粒重为2.3g，种皮坚硬，透性差。菜豆新种质W930与栽培菜豆相比具有较高的氨基酸．必需氨基酸及脂肪和不饱和脂肪酸含量。是改良栽培菜豆品质营养成分的重要遗传资源。