东海区海洋渔业资源研究数据库系统的设计和实现

在系统收集东海区历年海洋捕捞产量、捕捞努力量统计资料、主要经济鱼类生物学参数以及渔业资源研究文献报告题录等资料基础上,对数据资料进行整理和补充,建成了渔业资源研究数据库。利用Ｂａｓｉｃ语言编程实现渔业资源评估、产量预报、回归分析、判别函数分析等数据处理、分析功能。通过Ｆｏｘｐｒｏ编程和ＡＰＩ接口,实现对数据库的管理和对数据处理功能的调用,形成了东海区海洋渔业资源研究数据库系统,系统提供数据的输入、     

应用地理信息系统对福建海洋渔业资源进行管理的初步探讨

利用地理信息系统来存储、管理福建海洋渔业资源信息，除了可以将渔业资源信息形象直观地体现在电子地图上(可视化表达)外，还可以通过对这些渔业信息加以分析从而实现渔场综合分析、渔情动态的实时跟踪监测、渔业资源动态查询和统计运算等功能，为管理和利用福建海洋渔业资源提供更为有效的技术手段。     

中华人民共和国政府和俄罗斯联邦政府关于黑龙江、乌苏里江边境水域合作开展渔业资源保护、调整和增殖的议定书

中华人民共和国政府和俄罗斯联邦政府(以下简称双方)根据一九八八年十月四日签订的“中华人民共和国政府和苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟政府渔业合作协定”的有关条款,出自对合理利用黑龙江、乌苏里江渔业资源的关注,达成协议如下: 第一条:双方将在管理黑龙江、乌苏里江边境水域的渔业资源方面进行合作。 本议定书适用于由额尔古纳河和石勒喀河汇合而成的黑龙江、起点为松阿察河河口的乌苏里江的所有河道水域以及毗连水域。     

面向海洋渔业可持续发展的海洋渔业服务模型库系统

海洋渔业服务模型库系统对海洋渔业领域的模型进行分类和维护,支持模型的生成、存储、查询、运行和分析应用,完成海渔况速预报、渔业资源量的评估与预报以及渔政管理等功能。作为国家８６３高技术研究发展计划的技术与示范试验８１８－０７海洋渔业遥感信息服务系统专题成果的一部分,本文对模型库系统的概念、组成与基本功能进行了比较系统的论述,提出了海洋渔业服务模型库系统的总体框架和软件实现,探讨了系统在海洋渔业生产和管理中的应用。     

面向海洋渔业可持续发展的

海洋渔业服务模型库系统对海洋渔业领域的模型进行分类和维护,支持模型的生成、存储、查询、运行和分析应用,完成海渔况速预报、渔业资源量的评估与预报以及渔政管理等功能.作为国家863高技术研究发展计划的技术与示范试验818-07海洋渔业遥感信息服务系统专题研究成果的一部分,本文对模型库系统的概念、组成与基本功能进行了比较系统的论述,提出了海洋渔业服务模型库系统的总体框架和软件实现,探讨了系统在海洋渔业生产和管理中的应用.     

Ge湖渔业资源系统的仿真研究

介绍了应用灰色理论，对鬲湖渔业经济系统和生态系统进行灰色动态和灰色关联分析的思路和方法，还介绍了应用人工智能的神经网络技术对鬲湖生态系统中能流，物流的发展变化态进行网络模拟的设计思路和实现方法。灰色动态分析的结果表明：鬲湖渔业经济要持续稳定地发展，其渔业资源繁殖保护及劳力等投资不能低于渔业产值的１５％。     

空间信息技术在渔业资源及生态环境监测与评价中的应用

作为一种重要的时空分析方法,空间信息技术在渔业资源及生态环境监测与评价中极富优势,并能在未来加强渔业的可持续管理水平。本文总结了目前空间信息技术(包括地理信息系统、遥感、空间模型、空间统计学)在渔业资源及生态环境监测与评价中的应用及研究进展,主要集中在四个方面:(1)在渔业生态环境数据采集和监测中的应用;(2)在渔业数据库建立中的应用;(3)在渔业资源生态评价中的应用:包括渔业资源的时空分布模拟、环境变化对渔业资源的影响研究、生态热点区的确定(产卵场、迁移通道等)、鱼类关键生境评估、渔业资源量大小估算;(4)在渔业管理及决策中的应用:包括建立海洋保护区(Marine Protected Areas,MPAs)和进行基于生态系统的渔业管理(Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management,EBFM)。相较传统的方法而言,尽管空间信息技术具有诸多优势,但目前其在渔业生态监测和评价中也面临不少挑战:如数据的有效采集、海量多源数据库需要大量的调整和重构等。今后,渔业资源保护趋向运用整体生态系统方法进行监测和评价,而这需要通过利用多种空间信息技术才能更好地得以实现。     

三峡工程与长江渔业资源动态监测

从三峡工程对长江渔业资源的影响出发，对长江三峡工程渔业资源动态监测系统的结果、运行机制、监测内容、指标体系、数据管理进行了初步探讨。     

鱼类标本及标本馆场景三维演示系统的研发

鱼类标本作为重要的科研资源在分类学、渔业资源学等领域中一直发挥着重要作用,通常鱼类标本经甲醛稀释液保存后存在易变形、褪色等不足,难以长期保存,同时受标本存放地限制参观访问量相对有限。为此开展了鱼类三维标本馆的构建,采用Strata Foto3D对鱼类标本图像进行遮罩、建立线框模式与增加表面纹理等处理;利用Strata Live3D完成三维鱼标本灯光、测量尺寸、背景图案、投影等效果的表达,并实现鱼类三维模型原色标本的网络发布;采用ASP技术完成了标本信息数据库的动态调用,实现标本生物学信息的文本展示。采用AutoCAD平面规划功能及3dsMax三维制作功能构建了标本馆三维虚拟空间,完成三维标本馆与单个鱼类标本模型的汇总整合;系统以Unity3D为开发平台,实现三维标本馆场景的虚拟漫游及网络人机交互功能。     

广东渔业资源数据采集与分析系统建设及应用分析

正渔业资源监测是在渔业开发的同时,持续地对渔业活动和资源的变动进行调查、跟踪、评估和预测的过程。开展渔业资源监测,完善渔业资源监测评估体系,有利于全面了解近海渔业资源状况,及时掌握重要渔业资源种群变动趋势和渔业生产效益,为科学实施渔业资源开发利用、渔业资源养护和渔业资源管理提供数据基础和科学依据。2017年6月,广东省启动广东渔业资源数据采集与分析系统建设工作。至今,广东省建     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Rare serotype occurrence and PFGE genotypic diversity of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia in China

Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review

Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.     

Purification and partial characterization of GtHs (cfLH and cfFSH) from Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) (L.) and development of a homologous ELISA for cfLH

Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL^?1 (1.25 ng well^?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.     

Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection

Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg^?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).     

Nitrogenous waste excretion and accumulation of urea and ammonia inChalcalburnus tarichi (Cyprinidae), endemic to the extremely alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Turkey)

The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I^–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg^–1 fish·h^–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g^–1·ml^–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min^–1·g^–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min^–1·g^–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.     

Protein and amino acid composition from the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris exposed to prolonged starvation

Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg^?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg^?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg^?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.     

Imported ornamental fish are colonized with antibiotic‐resistant bacteria

There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future.