黄颡鱼人工繁殖的几个关键问题

近年来,随着黄颡鱼养殖的不断发展,黄颡鱼苗种的供应日趋紧张。为了突破这一制约黄颡鱼养殖的“瓶颈”,生产更多更优质的黄颡鱼苗种,自2005年开始,每年的5月下旬至7月底笔者都进行黄颡鱼人工繁殖的生产和研究。这里主要对黄颡鱼人工繁殖中的几个关键问题进行探讨和总结：     

黄颡鱼人工繁殖试验

试验表明,池塘培育的亲鱼催产效果优于水库现场捕捞的亲鱼,小水泥池的育苗效果优于池塘。     

黄颡鱼人工繁殖试验报告

黄颡鱼[Pelteobagrus fulvidraco],又称嘎牙子,其肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,营养丰富,是深受广大消费者欢迎的名优鱼类。目前市场销售的黄颡鱼主要产自江河、湖泊、水库等自然水域,但由于酷捕滥捞、水质污染等原因,其资源量日趋下降,造成黄颡鱼市场供不应求。近年来,黄颡鱼人工养殖开始受到重视。但由于黄颡鱼苗种供应的严重不足,制约了黄颡鱼人工养殖的发展。为了解决黄颡鱼人工养殖的苗种问题,我们于2000年6月至7月,在肇东市合居乡新江村渔场进行了黄颡鱼人工繁殖试验,并获得成功。现将试验情况报告如下:     

瓦氏黄颡鱼人工繁殖

一、材料与方法 　　1.亲鱼收集与培育 　　(1)亲鱼收集 1998年 11月从长江选购一批瓦氏黄颡鱼亲本,用帆布袋充氧运输。雌性个体重一般在 250～ 360克之间,雄性个体均在 500克以上。此批亲本体质壮,无病无伤,运输成活率 100％,亲鱼入池前,用 3％食盐水浸洗消毒 5～ 10分钟。 　　(2)亲鱼培育 亲鱼培育池为 1口 2亩的池塘,池壁均用水泥砌成,底部少淤泥且平坦,水深 1.5米,进排水口设有拦鱼网。亲鱼入池前两周,用 75公斤 /亩的生石灰消毒。亲鱼放养后,派专人管理,投喂蛋白质含量在 35％以上的颗粒饲料,为促使亲鱼性腺发育,提早…     

黄颡鱼人工繁殖与苗种培育试验

黄颡鱼 [Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｂａｇｒｕｓｆｕｌｖｉｄｒａｃｏ(Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓｏｎ) ]又名盎丝、牛鱼等 ,隶属于鲶形目 ,鱼尝科 ,黄颡鱼属。广泛分布于我国江河湖泊中 ,是天然水体中常见的底栖肉食性鱼类[1] ;其肉质细嫩、味鲜美、少刺、有较高的营养价值[2 ,3] ,深受消费者青睐 ,开发黄颡鱼资源已是中小型湖泊渔业新的经济增长点。澄湖位于苏州市城东 ,是苏州市较大的湖泊之一 ,面积 5 7万亩 ,具有丰富的水生生物资源 ,其中包括黄颡鱼资源 ,到 1996年其产量形成了一定规模 ,达 2 5 15ｋｇ ,但由于种种原因 ,导致澄湖黄颡鱼产量直线下降 ,因而…     

黄颡鱼人工繁殖和苗种培育技术

黄颡鱼〖 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco(Richardson)〗俗称安丁鱼或黄刺鱼，分类学上属鲶形目、科、黄颡鱼属，为我国江河常见的经济鱼类。因其肉质细嫩，营养丰富，味道鲜美，无肌间细刺，深受广大消费者青睐。近年来不少地区一些养殖户对黄颡鱼的养殖产生了浓厚的兴趣，一是市场前景甚好，二是经济价值较高、养殖效益较好，但因其天然苗种来源不足，制约着生产的发展。本文着重介绍黄颡鱼的人工繁殖和苗种培育技术，供广大养殖户参考。 1亲鱼收集和培育 1.1亲鱼收集 初次进行黄颡鱼人工繁殖，亲鱼可从农贸市场收集，时间应在头年冬季。选…     

黄颡鱼人工繁殖及苗种培育技术

黄颡鱼 (Ｐｅｌｔｅｏｂａｇｒｕｓｆｕｌｖｄｒａｃｏ) ,属鲶形目 ,鱼尝科 ,俗称黄姑、黄腊丁 ,为广布性鱼类 ,在我国江河、湖泊、沟渠、塘堰中都能生存。黄颡鱼喜栖息于静水缓流 ,营底栖生活。该鱼具有肉质细嫩、肉味鲜美、少肌间刺而颇受消费者欢迎。常年市场价格每 5 0 0克在 10～ 15元左右。据分析 ,黄颡鱼每 10 0克可食部分中含蛋白质 16 1ｇ、脂肪 2 1ｇ、碳水化合物 2 3ｇ、钙 15 4ｍｇ、磷 5 0 4ｍｇ ,含有人体必需的多种氨基酸 ,尤以谷氨酸、赖氨酸含量较高 ,医学上称黄颡鱼有消炎、镇痛等疗效。黄颡鱼生长速度较快 ,一冬龄即可…     

黄颡鱼人工繁殖与苗种培育技术

黄颡鱼(Pseudobagrus fulvidraco)俗称黄甲，属鲶形目、鱼危科，黄颡鱼属，为江河常见优质经济鱼类之一。黄颡鱼肉质细嫩，营养丰富，味道鲜美，肌间刺少颇受消费者喜爱。市场上的黄颡鱼主要来源于江河天然捕捞，随着天然水域捕捞强度增大，资源量日趋减少，不能满足市场需求。为了加快黄颡鱼的养殖推广，     

黄颡鱼人工繁殖技术研究

2002～2003年进行了黄颡鱼人工繁殖6批次人工催产试验。结果表明，黄颡鱼亲鱼采用在成鱼池或亲鱼池中套养方式培育，其催产效果优于专池培育的催产效果。黄颡鱼人工繁殖催产三率分别为催产率69％～82％、受精率63％～81％、孵化率63％～73％。同时进行了不同孵化水源对黄颡鱼催产孵化效果的比较试验．池塘过滤水孵化效果好于曝气的自来水。     

黄颡鱼的规模人工繁殖试验

１９９８年５月４日至５月３０日在湖北省孝感市猪湖和武汉市大舒特各水产养殖场进行了黄颡鱼较大规模的人工繁殖试验,共进行７次人工催产,其中催化雌鱼６１２尾,计４５．８ｋｇ、雄鱼３８３尾,计４５．９ｋｇ,获鱼卵１５０万粒左右。本文对黄颡鱼的繁殖季节,雌雄比例,注射方法,几种催产激光对黄颡鱼催产效果,流水孵化与静水孵化的效果,人工鱼巢的设置,苗种培育等进行了分析和比较。最后总结了这次黄颡鱼规模人工繁殖４     

斑点叉尾鮰的人工繁殖技术

阐述了斑点叉尾的人工繁殖技术，其中包括亲鱼池的条件、亲鱼的选择与培育、亲鱼的产卵以及鱼卵的孵化。     

丝尾鳠的驯养及人工繁殖研究

丝尾鳠（Mystus wyckioides）是分布于云南省境内澜沧江水系的土著鱼类。2005年起,云南省渔业科学研究院和景洪市水产研究所共同在澜沧江的一级支流中采集野生亲本,并进行了驯养及人工繁殖研究。于2006年4月首次获得人工繁殖成功,至2009年已累计繁殖成功并培育出5cm以上苗种70余万尾。经过4年的技术改进,2009年催产6批、28组,催产率达到100%;授精率达到71%;孵化率达到88%。     

光倒刺鲃的人工繁殖技术研究

采用自制催熟剂催熟,使池养亲鱼发育成熟并用于催产。催产率、受精率、孵化率、鱼苗培育成活率分别为50—100％、77—95％、61—90％、71—83％。     

尖头金线鲃人工繁殖初步研究

用人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）、促黄体素释放激素类似物（LRH—A2）、马来酸地欧酮（DOM）组合对尖头金线鲃（Sinocyclocheilus oxycephalus）催产获得成功,用鲤脑垂体5mg／kg和人绒毛膜促性腺激素1000IU／kg组合催产失败。采取2次注射（第1次注射LRH—A2 2μg／kg,第2次注射LRH—A2 8μg/kg＋DOM3mg／kg＋HCG 1000IU／kg）催产效果明显;采取遮光孵化,孵化率明显提高。     

大口鲶池塘养殖试验初报

利用当年繁殖的大规格鱼种,以不同规格及密度进行大口鲶池塘单养试验,并对饲料配制及投饲方面作了新的探索。经过3个月的饲养,平均体重分别达到443、670.7、211.6g/尾,成活率分别为99.1、99.0、98.6％,平均饲料系数分别为3.2、2.9、3.6:1,日总平均增重分别为3.8、5.1、1.8g/尾·天。     

南方大口鲶人工繁殖技术概述

本文论述了大口鲶亲鱼的培育方法,人工催产激素种类和剂量的选择,人工授精的方法,受精卵的收集与孵化,孵化方式的选择、鱼苗的培育方法。     

Coloration Characteristics of Mechanically Processed Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Fillets Held in Refrigerated Storage for Seven Days

Abstract

A project was initiated to investigate coloration (L*, a*, b*; Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage 1976) characteristics of mechanically processed channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillets. Experienced personnel were evaluated in their efficacy of visual organization of fillets into four distinct yellowness (b*) coloration categories. There was a significant (P < 0.001) difference in yellowness only between the two extreme categories, suggesting the need for development of physical coloration standards.

Coloration was measured at six sites per fillet ≤24 h post processing and after seven day refrigerated (4°–5°C) storage. There was a significant (P < 0.001) increase in overall lightness (L*) from 58.9 ± 5.2 to 60.1 ± 2.3. There was a significant (P < 0.001) increase in the overall mean yellowness (b*) value from 0.8 ± 3.2 to 1.9 ± 3.8. Most individual fillet sites exhibited a significant increase in yellowness.     

Processing Method Effect on Texture,Color, and Microbial Load of Channel Catfish Fillets

Abstract

Catfish shelf life depends largely on post-harvest handling and storage conditions. Three methods of processing catfish fillets were studied to evaluate quality and shelf life. In one method catfish were hand-dressed, chilled in water at 0°C, and hand-filleted (HC). In the other methods, catfish were mechanically filleted and chilled immediately (MC) or held unchilled for one hour at 18°C prior to chilling (MU). All fillets were stored in HDPE bags at 2°C for analyses at 0, 3, 6, and 9 d. Shear force for MC and MU fillets decreased (P ≤ 0.05) to the same levels as HC fillets after 3 d storage. HC fillets had higher (P ≤ 0.05) ‘L’ and ‘b’ and lower ‘a’ values than MU or MC fillets throughout storage. Initial psychrotrophic counts (PPC) were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for MC (3.9 log CFU/g) and MU (4.1 log CFU/g) than for HC fillets (5.2 log CFU/g). The PPC increased (P ≤ 0.05) after 3 and 6 d in HC and MU fillets, respectively. Coliform growth showed similar patterns as PPC. Spoilage levels indicated a doubling in shelf life of machine-cut fillets (～8 d) as compared to hand-cut fillets (～4 d).     

Effects of Particle Size and Processing Variables on the Properties of an Extruded Catfish Feed

Abstract

A catfish feed was extruded to determine how particle size, moisture content and screw speed affected the pellet durability, water stability index, and buoyancy. Increasing moisture content from 250 to 300 g/kg required less die pressure, specific mechanical energy and product temperature to produce durable pellets that were stable in water. Increasing screw speed from 200 to 400 rpm also lowered die pressure, due to a lower filled length of the extruder screw channels, but increased specific mechanical energy and product temperature; the resulting pellets had a lower apparent bulk density, but a higher degree of starch gelatinization and water stability index. Reducing particle size from 1200 to 700 m decreased die pressure and apparent bulk density, but increased product temperature, degree of starch gelatinization, pellet durability index and water stability index.     

The Costs and Effects of Alternative Winter Feeding Strategies for Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus in Multiple-Batch Production

Previous work suggested that feeding catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, more frequently over the winter might reduce weight loss. Twelve 0.10-ha ponds were stocked with 987 kg/ha market-sized fish and 2,960 kg/ha sub-marketable fish in November 2008 with treatments of: (1) unfed, (2) fed daily (fed 90 d), and (3) temperature-threshold feeding (fed 62 d). Total gross yield was significantly greater for the temperature-threshold feeding treatment than the unfed control, but survival and mean weight of fish at harvest were not. Net yield was negative for all treatments, due primarily to mortality of market-sized fish. Plasma glucose and insulin-like growth factor-1 did not differ significantly, but plasma osmolality was significantly lower in fasted than in fed fish. Mean feed consumption rates in vats provided evidence to support more frequent feeding over the winter. Overwintering costs were $0.11/kg with temperature-threshold feeding. Research on strategies to reduce winter mortality has potential to reduce overwintering costs.