贵州野生匍匐剪股颖形态多样性研究

以国外引进品种Kromi为对照,对来自贵州3个野生居群的18份匍匐剪股颖材料表型遗传多样性进行分析,利用多种统计方法对选取的10个形态学性状进行统计分析.结果表明:①匍匐剪股颖各形态学性状均存在较大的变异,变异系数分布于18.5%～34.3%之间.②物种遗传多样性指数为1.9991,居群内遗传多样性指数为1.848,则居群间遗传多样性指数为0.1511,这表明贵州野生匍匐剪股颖形态遗传变异多产生于居群内(92.44%),同时居群间也存在一定的遗传分化(7.56%).③各形态学性状遗传多样性指数,直立枝直径>匍匐枝叶宽>节间长>匍匐枝长>直立枝叶宽>株高>直立枝叶长>直立枝长>匍匐枝直径;各居群遗传多样性指数也有所差别,依次为BSE居群>BNW居群>LPS居群.④匍匐剪股颖形态遗传多样性构成中,直立枝直径、直立枝叶宽、匍匐枝叶宽、节间长、直立枝长、直立枝叶长为主要构成要素.⑤根据聚类结果,匍匐剪股颖材料并没有按居群来源聚为一类,在居群上没有明显的、有规律的形态分化.     

茄子种质资源遗传多样性的形态标记分析

对76 份茄子种质进行形态学标记,以评价供试茄子种质资源的遗传多样性水平,结果表明：
供试茄子种质的形态学性状均存在明显的遗传差异,种质间各性状平均变异系数为54.83%,其中叶刺的
变异系数最大,为493.3%,果实弯曲度的变异系数最小,为10.9%;对茄子表型性状进行聚类分析,以
Pearson 相关性系数23 作为聚类阈值,将76 份茄子材料划分成三大类群,以Pearson 相关性系数19.5 作
为聚类阈值,将76 份茄子材料划分成七个类群。     

新疆野生啤酒花遗传多样性的形态和SSR比较分析

采用SSR分子标记、结合形态指标对新疆野生啤酒花资源的遗传多样性进行了研究.结果表明:新疆野生啤酒花产量分别与百花重、单蔓果穗数和最长节间长3个性状呈极显著正相关;与单果穗重、主蔓长、果穗长3个性状呈显著正相关;以上6个性状具有相同的变化趋势,是影响新疆野生啤酒花产量的主要因素.根据形态学指标聚类分析,将材料分为三大类.在分子标记中,从7对引物中选出3对反应稳定、具有多态性的引物用于群体遗传多样性检测分析,得出7个居群的平均遗传多样性是A为1.5000,Ne为1.2910,h为0.1741,1为0.2597.7个居群的遗传距离在0.0197～0.3152.利用UPGMA法对7个居群间的遗传关系进行了聚类分析,分为两大类,可见新疆野生啤酒花遗传多态性较为丰富.形态学指标和遗传多样性指标的相关分析表明:全生育期、果穗结实率、叶分裂类型、叶主裂数、叶长、主蔓果穗数与遗传多样性指标具有一定的相关性.     

魔芋种质资源形态标记遗传多样性分析

对96 份魔芋种质进行形态学标记,以评价魔芋种质的遗传多样性水平。结果表明：供试魔
芋种质的形态学性状均存在显著的遗传变异,种质间各性状平均变异系数为48.1%,其中芽形状的变异系
数最大,为130.6%;裂片颜色的变异系数最小,为25.6%。对魔芋表型性状进行聚类分析,以Pearson 相
关系数15 作为聚类阈值,将96 份魔芋品种分为11 类。     

中国樱桃地方种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析

以源自中国樱桃主产区7个群体,80份地方种质资源为试材,采用巢式方差及聚类分析法对其叶片、果实及果核26个表型性状进行多样性分析。结果表明:(1)质量性状之间存在较大的多样性差异,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数范围在0.61~1.64之间,其中果实形状、果皮颜色、叶片及果核剖面形状等表现出较高的遗传多样性。(2)数量性状无论是在群体间还是群体内均表现出极显著差异,14个数量性状的平均变异系数为9.93%,其中果柄长度的变异系数最高(24.80%),果核顶面观指数最低(6.61%)。在7个群体中,云南的种质材料变异系数最大,为12.92%;安徽的最小,为7.42%。(3)对14个数量性状的主成分分析表明,前5个主成分的累积贡献率达80.9434%,能反应数量性状的基本特征。(4)基于Nei’s遗传距离的聚类分析以及主坐标分析将80份材料分为2个大类,分布于山东、河南和安徽群体的种质资源聚为一类,为华北类群,分布于四川、云南、贵州和重庆群体的聚为另一类,为西南类群。研究结果表明不同地理分布群体的中国樱桃表型多样性存在差异,而这种遗传差异可能是由于来自不同的驯化位点而造成的。     

茶树‘黄山种’自然杂交后代遗传多样性分析

 通过ISSR标记结合形态学性状,分析了茶树‘黄山种’自然杂交后代的遗传多样性。所调查形态学性状的平均变异系数为20.5%（12.5% ~ 33.2%）,Shannon-weave指数平均为1.89（1.60 ~ 2.07）。22条ISSR引物在供试样品中共扩增出402条带,其中多态性条带396条,多态性比率为98.5%,引物的多态性信息指数（PIC）平均达0.90,供试样品的基因多样性（H）和Shannon信息指数（I）分别为0.32和0.49。充分表明‘黄山种’通过自然杂交,发生了基因的分离和重组,产生了丰富的遗传变异。Mantel检测基于形态学与基因型估算的遗传距离矩阵间,存在极显著正相关（r = 0.61,P = 0.01）。基于形态学性状和ISSR标记的聚类结果显示,大多数‘黄山种’自然杂交后代的单株可聚成一大类群,只有少数单株遗传距离较远,单独聚为一类。这些单株一芽三叶长、百芽质量较大,可为今后‘黄山种’系统选种提供优异种质材料。     

轮叶百合形态特征多样性调查研究

采用形态学指标对长白山地区轮叶百合16个居群,43个个体的26个形态性状遗传多样性进行研究。结果表明:表型性状的多样性指标分析表明,轮叶百合存在较丰富的变异;Q型聚类分析结果将43个轮叶百合个体分为特征明显的三大类群;R型聚类分析结果表明轮叶百合种间用于形态分类学研究的多数性状具有相对独立性。经主成分分析,可将原来26个性状综合为8个主要成分,其累计贡献率可达79%以上。研究结果表明长白山地区轮叶百合的遗传多样性较丰富,且种群内的遗传多样性与地理位置表现出明显的相关性。     

基于主成分的三色堇聚类分析

采用多元统计分析法,对28份三色堇材料的13个农艺性状进行了相关分析和主成分分析,在主成分分析的基础上,对28份三色堇材料进行了系统聚类。结果表明:三色堇的性状间存在着较高的相关性,6个主成分可代表三色堇13个性状的88.58%信息。基于前6个主成分的聚类分析结果表明,国内材料间的平均遗传距离为3.43,远小于荷兰材料间的平均遗传距离8.777,这与三色堇原产北欧相吻合,聚类结果也显示出与材料的地理来源存在一定的相关性。聚类分析将28份三色堇材料分成了5类,其中来自荷兰的HWP-51、08-H2、HSY4-1分别单独为一类,荷兰与国内材料的杂交种CYS×H3单独为一类,其余材料(国内材料与美国材料)聚为一类。     

新疆野牛啤酒花遗传多样性的形态和SSR比较分析

采用SSR分子标记、结合形态指标对新疆野生啤酒花资源的遗传多样性进行了研究。结果表明：新疆野生啤酒花产量分别与百花重、单蔓果穗数和最长节间长3个性状呈极显著正相关;与单果稳重、主蔓长、果穗长3个性状呈显著正相关;以上6个性状具有相同的变化趋势,是影响新疆野生啤酒花产量的主要因素。根据形态学指标聚类分析,将材料分为三大类。在分子标记中,从7对引物中选出3对反应稳定、具有多态性的引物用于群体遗传多样性检测分析,得出7个居群的平均遗传多样性是A为1．5000,Ne为1．2910,h为0．1741,I为0．2597。7个居群的遗传距离在0．0197-0．3152。利用UPGMA法对7个居群间的遗传关系进行了聚类分析,分为两大类,可见新疆野生啤酒花遗传多态性较为丰富。形态学指标和遗传多样性指标的相关分析表明：全生育期、果穗结实率、叶分裂类型、叶主裂数、叶长、主蔓果穗数与遗传多样性指标具有一定的相关性。     

洋葱RAPD遗传多样性分析

 利用RAPD技术对41份洋葱种质资源的遗传多样性进行了分析。从100个随机引物中筛选出7个引物, 共扩增出64个位点, 其中多态性位点34个(53113% ) 。材料间遗传相似系数变化范围为0.694～1.000。在遗传相似系数为0.926水平上, 聚类分析结果可将供试材料分为9类, 聚类结果与形态学特征有一定对应关系。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.