外源蛋白酶对仔猪生产性能,器官重的影响

本试验在３５日龄断奶长哈杂交仔猪日粮中分别加入０．１％、０．５％浓度的Ｐ４、Ｐ７两种外源蛋白酶。在３５天试验中加酶日粮和对照日粮在平均日增重、饲料增重比差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．５）。０．５％Ｐ４蛋白酶降低了小肠鲜重（Ｐ＜０．０１）和小肠鲜重／空体重（Ｐ＜０．０５），提高了心脏重／空体重，与对照组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病双抗体夹心Dot—ELISA诊断法的建立及应用

以醋酸纤维素膜作为固相载体，辣根过氧化物酶标记鸡抗传染性法氏囊病病毒抗体，饱和二氨基联苯胺为底物显色，建立了鸡传染性法氏囊病双抗体夹心Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ诊断法，经方阵实验确定最佳反应条件为：ＩｇＧ的包被液为０．０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＰＨ９．６）碳酸盐缓冲液，包被浓度为１、５０；酶标抗体的工作浓度为１；１００；洗涤液为含０．０５％吐温－８０的０．０２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＰＨ７．４）磷酸盐缓冲液；封闭液为含０．２％     

消毒威对鸡生长及血清尿酸浓度的影响

在饮水中添加０．５％、１％、２％、饱和度（约２５％）等４种不同浓度的消毒威，对鸡进行了为期２１天的试验，结果表明鸡每天每公斤体重摄入消毒威０．３１９ｇ、０．５４４ｇ、０．７７ｇ，与对照组相比较，饲料转化率分别低１．５９％、３６．５％、７５９．７％；生长速度分别低４．３５％、５０％、１２７１．４％；血清尿酸含量分别高２．２４％、２９．８％、３９．９％。饮水中消毒威达到饱和度，鸡摄入药量为０．３２ｇ／ｋｇ／日，引起负增长，血清尿酸含量较对照组高３４．１３％。同时，除试验１组（０．３１９ｇ／ｋｇ／日）没有明显的临床病变和死亡外，其余都表现出不同程度的中毒症状并有死亡。这说明消毒威（其有效氯）在体内可蓄积并对机体产生慢性中毒。     

人工诱发鸡骨质石化病（骨型白血病）及其放射学研究

本文在国内首次报告用骨质石化病患鸡血液腹腔接种１日龄雏鸡，诱发本病获得成功。经Ｘ线摄片检查至２２４日龄止，检出发病率为７４．４％（２９／３９），其中临床型占４４．８％（１３／２９）；隐性型占５５．２％（１６／２９）。公，母鸡的发率分别为８９．５％（１７／１９）和６０％根据（１２／２０）Ｘ线表现和病变程度分为四种类型：１胫骨局限性骨质增生硬化；２．四肢长骨骨质增生硬化与梭状畸形；３．合并局部丘状骨膜     

无公害添加剂组合对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

选1日龄商品代艾维因混合健雏480只，按单因子随机试验设计分为4组，每组4个重复，每重复30只进行试验。对照组饲喂基础日粮 5mg／kg维基尼亚霉素；试验l，2，3组鸡21日龄前分别饲喂基础日粮 0．1％生命素 0．5％迈克活菌酶；基础日粮 500玎骧／kg糖萜素 0．5％迈克活菌酶；基础日粮 300mg／／kg糖萜素 0．3％迈克活菌酶 0．06％生命素。21日龄后分别饲喂基础日粮 0．1％生命素 0．3％迈克活菌酶；基础日粮 300叫kg糖萜素 0．3％迈克活菌酶；基础日粮 200mg／kg糖萜素 0．2％迈克活菌酶 0．05％生命素。各组基础日粮完全相同。试验结果表明：3个试验组供试鸡的体增重分别比对照组提高10．24、9．61和12．48％．料重比分别降低7．50、7．08和11．67％，每只鸡实际赢利分别增加0．5ll、0．671和1．019元，生物学综合评定值分别为106．12、105．75和108．56。不同无公害添加剂组合对维基尼亚霉素具有显著替代作用。     

氯化胆碱添加量对母鸡生长速度、雌激素水平及开产周龄的影响

１１５只３周龄母鸡被分为４组，分别为３９只、３３只、３１只和１２只。四种日粮分别含氯化胆碱（ＣＣＣ）　：０　ｍｇ／ｋｇ（对照）　；５　ｍｇ／ｋｇ从第１４周龄开始（５　ｍｇ／ｋｇ　Ａ）　；５　ｍｇ／ｋｇ从３周龄开始（５　ｍｇ／ｋｇ　Ｂ）　；５０　ｍｇ／ｋｇ从第３周龄开始（５０　ｍｇ／ｋｇ　Ｂ）。基础日粮根据生长期配合，并进行等氮等能处理。第３～８周日粮干物质ＣＰ和ＭＥ分别为１７．９９　％和１２．７　ＭＪ／ｋｇ；第９～２０周ＣＰ和ＭＥ分别为１４．６３　％和１２．７５　ＭＪ／ｋｇ。对鸡采食量、体重变化…     

肉仔鸡日糖中添加乳杆菌属培养物对消化酶及细菌酶活性的影响

本试验以研究杆菌属培养物对（1）肉鸡小肠（十二指肠远端至回盲结合部）内容物淀粉酶、脂肪酶及蛋白酶活性及（2）小肠内容物和粪便中细菌β－葡萄糖苷酸酶和β－葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响，肉鸡分为3组，分别对应3个日粮处理：基础日粮、基础日粮＋0.1%嗜酸乳杆菌干培养物及基础日粮＋0.1%的12株乳杆菌干混合培养物。结果表明，两个试验组均显著提高了40日龄肉鸡的小肠淀粉酶活性（P＜0.05），但脂肪酶及蛋白酶活不受显著影响，同时还降低了小肠及粪便中β－葡萄糖苷酸酶活及粪便的β－葡萄糖苷酶活，但小肠的β－葡萄糖苷酶活性却未受显著影响。     

禽流感油乳剂灭活疫苗的研究

笔者对禽流感病毒（AIV）H5N4H7N3的一些生物学特性进行了测定，其EID50分别为．10－6．7×02毫升10-7.7×0．2毫升AIVH5N4凡经不同感染途径对28天龄AA鸡的LD50少别为：肌肉注射10×0．2毫升；滴眼、滴鼻10×0．2毫升；经肌肉注射对28天龄石歧杂黄鸡的LD50为10×0．2毫升。病毒用0．1％的福尔马林处理48小时或用0．2％的福尔马林处理24小时可使AIVH5N4完全灭活。两株病毒分别用8、9、10、11天龄的鸡胚孵育，其中以11天龄接种后收获的绒毛尿囊液含病毒量最多，含病毒的绒毛尿囊液在－20℃或－70℃保存时都很稳定。将两株病毒灭活…     

硫酸鱼精蛋白和谷氨酰胺对鸡精液冷冻效果的影响

以农大褐父母代种鸡为材料，进行硫酸鱼精蛋白和谷氨酰胺对鸡精液冷冻效果影响表明，Ａ液＋ＤＭＡ和Ｂ液＋甘油，解冻后精子活力分别为０．５３、０．４９，均显著高于其它（Ｐ〈０．０２５），Ａ液＋硫酸鱼精蛋白、Ａ液＋谷氨安、解冻后分别获得了０．４６、０．４１的精子活力、均显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）；Ｂ组均不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）。     

布尔山羊精液保存条件的试验研究

本研究对不同条件下，用不同成分的黧液保存布尔山羊精液的效果进行了对比试验。试验证明，选用Ａ液（３０ｇ／Ｌ葡萄糖、１３ｇ／Ｌ柠醋酸钠和１ｇ／Ｌ乙二胺四乙酸钠），按５０ｍＬ／Ｌ加入贸黄，稀释布尔山羊精液，在常温（１５￣２１℃）和低温（４℃）条件下分别保存３０ｈ和９６ｈ，其活力分别为０．５０和０．５２，可完全满足输精要求；选用Ｂ液（５４ｇ／Ｌ葡萄糖和１０ｇ／Ｌ柠檬酸钠），进行细管冷冻保存布尔山羊精液，冻     

Relationships of weight gain and behavior to digestive organ weight and enzyme activities in piglets

Organ weights and digestive enzyme contents of the pancreas, stomach and duodenum were measured in 75 nursing piglets at 21 d of age. Piglets were given creep feed from 10 d of age. Creep feed intake was less than 1.5 g.d-1.piglet-1 up to d 18; on d 19 and 20 it averaged 15 g.d-1.piglet-1. On d 10, piglets went to the feeder more frequently than on the following days. Feeding bouts were longer on d 16, 17 and 18 just prior to the increase in creep feed consumption. Means and SE for the parameters studied at 21 d of age were 7.01 +/- .18 mg for pancreas weight; 61,499 +/- 4,091 units of amylase (UA) and 1,510 +/- 110 UA/mg DNA; 2,962 +/- 189 units of chymotrypsin (UC) and 68.94 +/- 3.92 UC/mg DNA; 8.76 +/- .35 g for fundic mucosa weight; 558,875 +/- 49,287 units of pepsin (UP) and 12,338 +/- 1,175 UP/mg DNA; 1.75 +/- .06 g for duodenum weight; 1.39 +/- .07 units of maltase (UM) and .14 +/- .006 UM/mg DNA. Day-0 weight was not correlated with 21-d gain. Feeding behaviors were correlated positively with 21-d gains. Feeding behaviors and behaviors were correlated positively to pancreas total and specific enzyme contents as well as to stomach and duodenum weights, RNA/DNA ratios of the pancreas and the stomach and protein/DNA of the pancreas but were correlated negatively with specific and total pepsin and maltase activities. Variation was large in enzyme activities (cv = 35 to 82%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

能量限制对三黄鸡补偿生长及肠道结构的影响

本试验旨在研究能量限制对三黄鸡补偿生长及肠道结构的影响,选用72只15日龄三黄母鸡,随机分为3个组:自由采食组(对照组)、15%能量限制组(试验1组)和30%能量限制组(试验2组),限饲15 d(30日龄)、补偿生长14 d(44日龄)和35 d(65日龄)后分别屠宰,取其十二指肠、空肠、回肠,测量其肠壁厚度、绒毛高度和隐窝深度。结果表明:1)限饲降低三黄鸡平均日增重(P0.05),但料重比与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。补偿生长后,试验组与对照组组间的末重、平均日增重、料重比均差异不显著(P0.05)。2)限饲增加了十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度及回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P0.05)。补偿生长后,十二指肠肠壁厚度变薄(P0.05),空肠和回肠绒毛高度增加(P0.05)。本试验表明,能量限制显著降低三黄鸡限饲期生长性能,补偿生长35 d后表现出完全补偿生长效应;能量限制在一定程度上改善了三黄鸡的小肠肠道形态结构,增加了十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度。     

Nitrogen and amino acid absorption in swine. 3. Endogenous secretion and absorption of nitrogen

The endogenous nitrogen in the duodenum and the distal segment of the small intestine of 3 fistulated pigs fed a 15-N-labelled feed protein was determined using the isotope dilution technique. Over 24 hours, the endogenous N secretion was found at least 12.5 g at the end of the duodenum. For the upper segment of the small intestine, a statistically secured correlation between endogenous nitrogen and chyme amount was found to exist. It was possible to determine the true and apparent absorption of the nitrogen for both individual segments of and the whole digestive tract.     

复合非淀粉多糖酶制剂对肉鸡生长性能及肠道酶活性的影响

将200只21日龄罗斯肉鸡分成5个处理组:处理1组(正对照组)、处理2组(负对照组),处理3～5组在负对照组日粮基础上各添加一种商业复合非淀粉多糖酶制剂产品。测定肉鸡生长性能及42日龄肠道消化酶活性。结果显示:处理3组肉鸡的料肉比显著优于(P≤0.05)处理1、2和5组;末体重指标,处理3和4组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著高于处理2和5组。处理3组肉鸡十二指肠的淀粉酶以及十二指肠内容物的蛋白酶活性显著高于(P≤0.05)处理1和2组。处理4和5组肉鸡的十二指肠淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性差异不显著,但显著低于处理3组。处理3组肉鸡空肠内容物的淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于其它4个处理组。以上结果说明,选用复合NSP酶制剂应实测产品的酶种类和酶活性,以合理有效使用。     

The sites in the duodenum of receptor areas which affect abomasal emptying in the calf

Calves were prepared with abomasal and duodenal cannulae to assess the effects on abomasal emptying of duodenal infusates at different rates and different sites. In two calves infusions of isotonic NaHCO3 or 60 mM HCl 30 cm distal to the pylorus were as effective in controlling abomasal emptying as infusions of the duodenum from 5 cm distal to the pylorus, and in three other calves they were as effective as perfusing the whole duodenum including the most proximal 5 cm. Reducing the rate of duodenal infusion of 60 mM HCl from 10 to 2.5 ml/min diminished its effect from total inhibition of gastric emptying to slight or negligible inhibition. The stimulation of gastric emptying by duodenal infusion of isotonic NaHCO3 solution was undiminished by reduced rates of infusion. It is proposed that in the calf receptors which activate and inhibit gastric emptying are present throughout the duodenum.     

Changes in growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and nutrient digestibility of cherry valley ducks in response to aflatoxin B1 levels

The objective of this study was to investigate toxic effects of aflatoxin B1(AFB₁) on growth performance, organs, hepatic enzyme activities, apparent digestibility of nutrients and digestive enzyme activities in ducks. Ninety 1-day-old Cherry Valley commercial ducks were designed to three treatment groups with three replicates of ten birds each. Group I (control) was fed conventional feed free of AFB₁, group II or III was fed the diets containing 20 μg/kg or 40 μg/kg AFB₁-contaminated rice respectively. The feeding trial lasted 6 weeks. The results were that decreased body weight gain and feed intake, increased feed to gain ratio and selected organ weights (liver, kidney and pancreas) were observed in AFB₁-treated groups. The activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly increased in AFB₁-contamined groups. The apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) was significantly lower while activities of digestive enzyme from duodenum contents including protease, chymotrypsin, trypsin and amylase were increased in AFB₁-treated group. These results indicated that AFB₁ of feed could decrease growth performance and apparent digestibility of nutrients, change digestive enzyme activities of duodenum contents in duck.     

Protein and amino acid metabolism in the digestive tract of growing young bulls. 2. Feed protein flow into the duodenum determined with 2,6-diaminopimelic acid as a marker for crude bacterial protein

The experimental ascertainment of the pure feed protein flowing into the duodenum on the basis of the calculation of the difference between the NH3-free crude protein flowing into the duodenum and the bacterial crude protein determined by means of DAPA showed the following results after the testing of 28 different rations at a dry matter intake adequate to the production level: With a variation of the pure protein in the crude protein content of the ration between 40 and 90%, the quota of feed protein flowing into the duodenum is 52.5%, and with a variation of the pure protein in the crude protein content between 80 and 90% it is 40.6%. The quota of feed protein flowing into the duodenum shows a negative correlation to the apparent digestibility of the organic matter (y=231.7 -2.52x +/- 14.5). With a DM-intake adequate to the production level the quota of feed protein flowing into the duodenum is neither influenced by the flow rate (kg digesta/kg DM-intake) nor by the 'dilution rate' (g bacteria-free DMD/kg live weight 0.75/h).     

Metoclopramide Reversal of Decreased Gastrointestinal Myoelectric and Contractile Activity in a Model of Canine Postoperative Ileus

Postoperative ileus is characterized by decreased gastrointestinal myoelectric activity and motility. Metoclopramide was used to treat experimentally induced postoperative ileus in six dogs. Contractile activity was monitored by extraluminal strain gages on the pyloric antrum and proximal segment of the duodenum, and myoelectric activity was measured by recording bipolar electromyograms (EMGs) at the pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, proximal segment of the duodenum, proximal and distal parts of the jejunum, and ileum. Measurements were obtained from animals without ileus (baseline) and those with ileus that were either untreated or treated with metoclopramide. Adynamic ileus was induced by rubbing a 50 cm segment of jejunum with a dry sponge for 5 minutes and exposing the bowel to the air for 30 minutes. Treated dogs received metoclopramide (0.4 mg/kg 4 times daily [QID] intravenously [IV]), whereas untreated dogs received a saline placebo, starting 1 hour after celiotomy closure. Recordings were made for 26 hours after induction of ileus. The phases of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) were identified and motility index values were determined. During ileus, the MMC phase II duration was increased at the duodenum and phase III duration was decreased at the antrum, pylorus, duodenum, and proximal segment of the jejunum (p less than 0.05). Motility index values were decreased at the antrum and duodenum during ileus (p less than 0.05). Treatment with metoclopramide reversed the MMC phase III inhibition at the antrum and pylorus, and partially reversed the inhibition at the duodenum and jejunum (p less than 0.05). Motility index values were restored to preoperative baseline values with metoclopramide treatment (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Temporal patterns of growth hormone, prolactin and thyrotropin secretion in Targhee rams selected for rate and efficiency of gain

Thirteen Targhee rams selected for rate and efficiency of gain for 4 yr (1.5 generations) were compared with 10 rams from a Targhee line with no selection for over 20 yr to determine if selection for these traits would be associated with changes in the secretion of growth hormone (GH), thyrotropin (TSH) and(or) prolactin (PRL). Selected rams exhibited greater birth weight, average daily gain (ADG) and feed consumed/day during a 6-wk individual feeding regimen, and exhibited greater overall ADG during a 16-wk feeding trial as compared with the unselected rams. Temporal blood plasma samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 8 h from each of the 23 rams for hormone analysis. Selected rams exhibited greater overall mean GH (6.1 +/- .4 vs 4.6 +/- .5 ng/ml), overall mean TSH (8.6 +/- 1.2 vs 6.2 +/- .7 ng/ml) and baseline mean TSH (8.0 +/- 1.1 vs 5.6 +/- .5 ng/ml) than the unselected rams. Although the adjusted GH spike amplitude value was higher in the selected line (12.1 +/- 3.0 vs 7.4 +/- .8 ng/ml), this difference was not significant. No differences were observed with any of the variables of PRL secretion. In addition, there were no significant correlations between any of the hormone variables and any of the feed or gain data. These data support the hypothesis that Targhee rams selected for rate and efficiency of gain exhibit higher plasma levels of GH and TSH than unselected rams of the same breed.     

不同种植方式对紫花苜蓿生产性状及饲用品质的影响

为探讨海河平原区不同种植方式对紫花苜蓿生产性状及饲用品质的影响。于2013-2016年开展了田间试验研究,在等播量条件下设置了10 cm行距条播、20 cm行距条播、30 cm行距条播、20-40 cm宽窄行条播以及撒播共5种种植方式处理,分析了株高、叶茎比、干草产量、倒伏级数、中性洗涤纤维含量、酸性洗涤纤维含量、粗蛋白含量、相对饲用价值等指标的变化规律。结果表明,不同种植方式下苜蓿的株高、叶茎比在相同年份、相同茬次下均无显著差异（P>0.05）;20-40 cm宽窄行条播下苜蓿第1茬干草产量显著低于30 cm行距条播（P<0.05）,但苜蓿前2茬干草产量、累计3年干草产量与30 cm行距条播无显著差异（P>0.05）;不同种植方式下苜蓿的饲用品质指标无显著差异（P<0.05）;20-40cm宽窄行条播以及30 cm行距条播下的苜蓿倒伏相对较轻。综合得出,海河平原区采用撒播,10 cm至30 cm的等行距条播,以及20-40 cm宽窄行条播的种植方式均可,具体可根据实际情况而定。