畜牧学科遗传育种与动物营养学面上项目申请和资助情况分析

畜禽遗传育种学和动物营养学是国家自然科学基金委员会生命科学部六处畜牧学科面上项目的重要组成部分,本文对2004—2007年畜牧学科面上项目中的遗传育种学、动物营养学和饲料资源学的申请和资助情况进行了总结,对申请和资助项目快速增长情况进行了分析,并针对2008年基金委资助格局发生变化的状况,建议项目申请者明确定位,撰写申请书时要在突出创新思想的基础上,以提出的科学问题为主线,阐明拟解决科学问题的方法和手段。本文旨在为从事该专业的科研人员申报科学基金提供参考。     

专家文库——来砺

朱砺,男,1975年生,动物遗传育种与繁殖学博士,教授,博士生导师,国家生猪产业技术体系后备人才,四川省学术和技术带头人后备人选。现任四川省畜牧兽医学会养猪学分会副理事长和四川省乐山市国家畜牧科技园博士工作站站长、中国畜牧兽医学会会员、美国动物遗传育种学会（ASAS）会员。2001至今在四川农业大学动物科技学院任教,2010年破格晋升教授。2012年遴选为博士生导师。主要从事养猪生产和猪的遗传育种方面的教学和科研工作。主讲（（养猪学》、     

青年专家文库

殷宗俊，1968年出生，1992年毕业于安徽农业大学畜牧兽医系并留校任教，2005年中国农业大学动物遗传育种学博士毕业，现任安徽农业大学动物科技学院副教授，应用生物技术专业副主任，动物遗传育种与繁殖专业和遗传学专业硕士生导师。兼任中国畜牧兽医学会信息技术分会理事，安徽省养猪协会理事。主要研究方向是猪生产学、动物遗传育种学、     

中国畜牧兽医学会动物遗传育种学分会 关于举办“第十七次全国动物遗传育种学术讨论会”第一轮通知

尊敬的各位会员、同行:根据中国畜牧兽医学会动物遗传育种学分会理事会的决定,第十七次全国动物遗传育种学术讨论会定于2013年10月27～31日在四川成都召开。大会由中国畜牧兽医学会动物遗传育种学分会主办,四川农业大学动物科技学院承办,大会组委会诚挚邀请各位参加本次会议。本次会议是国内动物遗传育种领域的一次学术盛会,届时将汇集国内外从事动物遗传育种教学、科研和生产的专家、学者及技术人员,共同探讨我国动物遗传育种研究领域的热点、难     

著名动物遗传育种学家吴仲贤教授90华诞庆祝会在中国农业大学举行

（本刊讯）２００１年５月１２日中国农业大学动物科技学院、中国畜牧兽医学会动物数量遗传分会在中国农业大学中央农业管理干部学院报告厅举行隆重庆祝活动，庆祝我国著名动物遗传育种学家、教育家、中国动物数量遗传学奠基人吴仲贤教授９０华诞。 吴仲贤教授，湖北省汉川人， １９１１年 ５月１２日生，１９３３年毕业于武汉华中大学生物系。后攻读清华大学研究生。１９３５年赴英国爱丁堡大学攻读博士学位，研究动物遗传学。后又转英国剑桥大学研究动物营养学，作博士后学习。１９３９年回国，先后在西北农学院、西北联合大学、中央大学…     

粤东中职畜牧专业动物遗传育种学课堂教学研究

动物遗传育种学是中职畜牧专业的一门重要的专业基础课,该课程通过应用遗传理论指导畜禽育种实践,把理论与实践紧密结合起来。目前在提高动物生产效率的科研项目中,动物遗传育种工作的贡献最大。当前中职畜牧专业学生在初中时期的成绩不是很理想,其基础知识掌握较为薄弱,传统的"填鸭式"教学方法很难让学生融入于动物遗传育种学的学习环境中。因此,要因材施教,培养和提高学生的分析能力,让他们在学习中成长和进步,从而使动物遗传育种学课堂教学效果大大提高。     

动物RFLP分子遗传标记及其应用

动物ＲＦＬＰ分子遗传标记及其应用马中军张文举（甘肃省畜牧兽医研究所平凉７４４０００）在过去的半个世纪里，世界畜牧业取得了巨大的成就，其中动物遗传育种学理论的发展及其应用起了重要作用。然而，进入８０年代以后，畜禽生产水平由于受常规育种方法的制约，在世界...     

专家文库

张吉鹍,1964年7月生,江西武宁人,男,汉族,中共党员,畜牧学农学学士,动物遗传育种学农学硕士,动物营养与饲料科学农学博士（师从著名动物营养学家卢德勋教授从事系统动物营养学研究）,浙江大学动物科学学院畜牧学科出站博士后,研究员,江西农业大学硕士研究生导师,江西省"新世纪百千万人才工程"人选。江西省农业科学院第七届学术委员会委员、第一届职工代表大会代表,中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第五届理事会理事,中国肉牛经济专业委员会常务理事,九江市当代人物文化研究会副会长,《畜牧兽医适用技术百科全书》编委会编委（1992年版）。"张吉鹍"1995年载入《中国农林牧专家辞典》,2011年入登行业知名学术期刊《草业科学》与《牧草与饲料》"专家简介",所从事的工作涉及畜牧技术推广、畜牧科学研究、畜牧饲料企业的管理,专长动物营养工程。     

专家文库

李长春,博士,华中农业大学教授,博士生导师。湖北省杰出青年基金获得者和武汉市优秀青年科技工作者。2005年获华中农业大学动物遗传育种与繁殖专业博士学位,农业动物遗传育种与繁殖教育部重点实验室固定人员,“猪种质创新与遗传改良”教育部创新团队主要成员,任国际动物遗传大会（ISAG）会员和中国畜牧兽医学会动物遗传育种学分会理事。2009－2010年美国密苏里大学（University of Missouri-Columbia）访问学者。     

中国畜牧兽医学会动物遗传育种学分会关于举办“第十七次全国动物遗传育种学术讨论会”第二轮通知

尊敬的各位会员、同行:根据中国畜牧兽医学会动物遗传育种学分会理事会的决定,第十七次全国动物遗传育种学术讨论会定于2013年10月27～31日在四川成都召开。大会由中国畜牧兽医学会动物遗传育种学分会主办,四川农业大学动物科技学院承办,大会组委会诚挚邀请各位参加本次会议。现将有关事项通知如下:     

Pasture quality and its relation to utilization

The paper evaluates those functions of the grazing‐animal/pasture complex which are influenced by management. The contribution of pasturage to animal production is determined primarily by environment and secondarily by defoliation. In pasture quality evaluation, those approaches which employ both digestibility and intake as basic criteria are generally closely related to animal response. In equating grassland production with animal requirements the determinants of output per animal and output per area must be considered in the perspective of the production system as a whole. The essential influence of grazing method on carrying capacity is stressed and it is suggested that grazing management of natural pasture be based on (i) a knowledge of the contribution of individual species to animal production, (ii) defoliation practice which encourages the most nutritious species and (iii) the introduction of improved pasture species.     

Application of Lineweaver-Burk data transformation to explain animal and plant performance as a function of nutrient supply

This study evaluates the effect of dry-season concentrate supplementation on growing cattle performance grazing tropical pasture and the impact of nitrogen fertilization on the growth rate of tropical pasture (tons of dry herbage mass/ha/110 days) and on the subsequent stocking rate and cattle performance during the rainy season (kg body weight gain/ha/110 days). The animal and plant responses were curvilinear to the increasing amount of nutrient supply and followed the typical saturation kinetics of enzyme systems, a Michaelis-Menten relationship. The Lineweaver-Burk data transformation explained efficiently the animal and plant responses to the nutrient supply. This methodology consists in evaluating the linear regressions of the reciprocal of animal and plant responses as a function of the reciprocal of nutrient supply. The half maximum growth rates for plant and animal to nutrient supply were verified with the proportions from .048 to .056 of the amount needed to cause .95 of theoretical maximum responses. From the curvilinear response, it can be verified that the marginal increase in animal and plant growth rate reduces as the amount of nutrient supply increases.     

Wip1基因对动物繁殖及免疫的调节作用

野生型p53诱导的磷酸酶1（wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1,Wip1）是蛋白磷酸酶2C （protein phosphatase type 2C,PP2C）家族中的一员,可以靶向调控机体内多种重要的信号分子,如p53、MAPK和Chk1/Chk2等,在动物细胞周期、增殖、分化、凋亡、衰老、自噬及DNA损伤修复等生理过程中发挥重要作用。Wip1基因缺失会使小鼠生殖激素水平失衡,且该基因通过ATM、Wnt、凋亡和炎症等信号通路影响精子生成过程,导致雄性动物繁殖力下降。此外,Wip1基因还可通过动态平衡调节DNA损伤反应和去磷酸化作用来影响卵母细胞和胚胎发育,从而调控雌性动物的生殖。免疫系统是机体执行免疫应答及免疫功能的重要系统,其与炎症反应和肿瘤发生有着紧密的联系。Wip1基因缺失会使病原体敏感性增强,影响T细胞、B细胞和中性粒细胞迁移及凋亡,进而导致炎症反应。作为原癌基因,Wip1基因通过调控各种信号分子影响DNA损伤修复、细胞周期进程及细胞凋亡等,参与肿瘤发生。因此,Wip1基因在动物繁殖调控和免疫调节中扮演着重要角色。目前,Wip1基因受到越来越多学者的关注,特别是其调控动物疾病发生发展的机制已成为研究热点。本研究主要综述了Wip1基因对动物繁殖及免疫的调节作用,以期为家畜育种、疾病防治及靶向治疗提供新思路。     

中国北方草地生态系统管理问题与对策

草地具有生态意义、资源意义和生物进化场所及文化意义。北方草地表观表现为"三化",草丛对地面的覆盖力和产量是一般采用的判定指标,缺乏生态系统结构要素和功能受损的评价标准,农田化也是草原被破坏或消失的重要因素。放牧是家畜生产途径,也是草地管理手段。放牧干扰状况包括放牧开始时间、放牧强度、放牧频次和持续时间,放牧要素包括啃食、践踏、口液和失衡营养。载畜量或草畜平衡的方程体系中缺少牲畜生长状态参数,草地管理的一项重要内容是管理草地放养的家畜,发展豆科混合半人工草地,以维护土壤肥力,增加牲畜日粮的粗蛋白含量应该是中国北方草地管理当前与今后一段时期内的重要研究内容。草地管理,即草地生态系统管理是由明确目标驱动,由政策和协议及实践而执行,以对生态作用与过程的理解所需的研究和监测为基础,而保持生态系统组分、结构和功能正常运行的管理。     

A whole blood method for measuring mitogen-induced transformation of sheep lymphocytes

A simple and reproducible micromethod for determination of in vitro mitogenic responses of sheep peripheral blood lymphocytes is described. The test uses (i) whole blood diluted in RPMI 1640 medium to give a cell count of 0.5 x 106-1 x 106 lymphocytes/ml, (ii) mitogens in the range of 5-20 micrograms of phytohaemagglutinin/ml, 20-80 micrograms of lipopolysaccharide/ml or 20-80 microliters of poke weed mitogen/ml, and (iii) a stimulation time of 42 to 90 h. A considerable variation in mitogenic response was observed both between animals and on different occasions in the same animal. Because of the large periodic variation it was suggested that the test should be repeated using blood drawn at different times in order to determine the mitogenic response of an animal.     

The "Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut": past, present and future of research in infectious diseases of animals

The Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, founded in 1910 by Friedrich Loeffler, the discoverer of the first animal virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, is the oldest virological research facility in the world. Beyond viruses, its area of competence has significantly expanded since its foundation and now also covers bacterial, parasitic and prion diseases of livestock, poultry and aquatic animals. Presently located at four sites within Germany (Insel Riems, Jena,Tübingen,Wusterhausen) the tasks of the institute as delineated in the Animal Disease Act encompass research on infectious animal diseases including zoonoses, import/export examinations, epidemiological studies in case of outbreaks of notifiable animal diseases, acting as reference laboratory for notifiable animal diseases and nationwide quality management of diagnosis of notifiable animal diseases. It is obliged to publish and maintain up-to-date diagnostic regimes for notifiable animal diseases, and it publishes a yearly report on animal health in Germany. With the increasing importance of infectious diseases of animals, in particular those potentially harmful to man (zoonoses), the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut will be moving into new facilities including laboratories and animal facilities up to the highest biosafety level at its main site Insel Riems on the occasion of its 100th anniversary.     

Characterizing the Role of Animal Exposures in Cryptosporidiosis and Shiga Toxin‐producing Escherichia coli Infections: South Dakota, 2012

Cryptosporidium spp. and Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli strains (STEC) are important causes of human illness. Incidence rates of these illnesses are high in South Dakota compared to the USA as a whole. Direct animal contact has been identified as a possible route of exposure for these illnesses. Ruminant animals may carry STEC subclinically, while young ruminants are common sources of zoonotic strains of Cryptosporidium. South Dakota patients with either STEC or cryptosporidiosis during 2012 were interviewed regarding seven categories of animal exposure: (i) petting zoo/fair attendance, (ii) animal event/rodeo attendance, (iii) feed/pet store visits, (iv) farm visits, (v) employment or residence at a farm, (vi) residence with pets and (vii) visiting other households with pets. Of the 50 STEC cases, 78.0% reported animal exposure prior to illness onset, with 23.3% having lived or worked on a farm. Farm visitors in particular had high degrees of animal contact and infrequently practiced personal protective measures. Of the 115 cryptosporidiosis cases, 87.8% reported animal exposures, with 45.6% having lived or worked on a farm and 29.0% having visited a farm prior to illness. Cases with farm exposures reported a high degree of direct animal contact and inconsistent use of personal protective measures. Cryptosporidiosis patients were significantly more likely than STEC patients to have lived or worked on a farm prior to their illness and were older on average. Patients with these illnesses had high rates of animal contact prior to illness. Animal contact on farms emerged as an important exposure route. Educational messages about personal protective measures should be directed at these individuals.     

Laboratory animal medicine — Needs and opportunities for Canadian veterinarians

Laboratory animal medicine is a growing field of veterinary practice that emphasizes animal welfare and refinement of research animal care. The Canadian Association for Laboratory Animal Medicine/L’association canadienne de la medecine des animaux de laboratoire (CALAM/ACMAL) and the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) provide a framework within which laboratory animal veterinarians practise. Numerous continuing education and post-graduate training opportunities exist in Canada for veterinarians interested in pursuing this specialty.     

Rapid one-step enzyme immunoassay and lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for colistin in animal feed and food

Background: Colistin(polymyxin E) is a kind of peptide antibiotic which has been approved in animal production for the purposes of disease prevention, treatment, and growth promotion. However, the wide use of colistin in animal feed may accelerate the spread of colistin-resistance gene MCR-1 from animal production to human beings,and its residue in animal-origin food may also pose serious health hazards to humans. Thus, it is necessary to develop corresponding analytical methods to monitor the addition of colistin in animal feed and the colistin residue in animal-origin food.Results: A one-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay(LFIA) for colistin were developed based on a newly developed monoclonal antibody. The ELISA showed a 50%inhibition value(IC50) of 9.7 ng/m L with assay time less than 60 min, while the LFIA had a strip reader-based detection limit of 0.87 ng/m L in phosphate buffer with assay time less than 15 min. For reducing the non-specific adsorption of colistin onto sample vial, the components of sample extraction solution were optimized and proved to greatly improve the assay accuracy. The spiked recovery experiment showed that the recoveries of colistin from feed, milk and meat samples were in the range of 77.83% to 113.38% with coefficient of variations less than 13% by ELISA analysis and less than 18% by LFIA analysis, respectively. Furthermore, actual sample analysis indicated that the two immunoassays can produce results consistent with instrumental analysis.Conclusions: The developed assays can be used for rapid qualitative or quantitative detection of colistin in animal feed and food.