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应激因子影响畜禽生长发育,降低饲料转化率,甚至引起疾病或死亡,给畜牧业造成巨大损失。对应激的基本概念、机理、产生的因素、对畜禽生产的影响及其控制措施做一综述,希望能为养殖者提供一些帮助。 相似文献
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应激因子影响畜禽生长发育,降低饲料转化率,甚至引起疾病或死亡,给畜牧业造成巨大损失.对应激的基本概念、机理、产生的因素、对畜禽生产的影响及其控制措施做一综述,希望能为养殖者提供一些帮助. 相似文献
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影响畜禽生长和生产率的因素是繁多而复杂的,应激反应则是其中的一个方面。尽管在这方面有过一些研究的报道,但在实际生产中,尤其是在小规模饲养场往往偏重于对营养因素的控制而对应激因素的重视不够,因而大大的影响了畜禽的生长和生产甚至造成畜禽死亡。应激是指作用于机体异乎寻常的刺激所引起的紧张状态。导致应激的因素:创伤(外伤、剪耳、割尾、断喙、拨毛等)剧痛,免疫注射,缺氧,温度和湿度的急剧变化,饲养密度过大,饲料品质低劣,供水不足,抓捉,转栏,称重,长途运输,发生中毒,感染疾病以及强烈的情绪激动都可引起畜禽的应激反应。主要几种应激反应如下: 相似文献
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在集约化畜牧业中,人们为了最大限度地提高动物生产力,降低劳动消耗,增加经济效益,往往在饲养管理中采取了一系列生产工艺和技术措施,把动物变成了“生产机器”,而这些往往违背了动物在进化过程中适应了的环境条件和动物的要求,所以,现代化养殖措施和技术手段,有些可能又是应激因素,如人们对动物品种品系选育高生产指标的技术措施、生产环境调控、 相似文献
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随着畜牧养殖业的高度集约化发展,畜禽应激综合症发病率不断上升,畜禽应激的危害正日益突出并已成为阻碍畜牧业发展的最活跃的因素之一.同时,随着国内外畜禽贸易的繁荣,运输畜禽日益增多,由于晕车,高湿,高温,挤压,踩踏,饥饿,缺水等作用下应激引起畜禽发病、死亡或致残所造成的经济损失是巨大的.此外,运输应激还可使畜禽肉质下降,如呈现PSE猪肉(苍白、柔软、渗水的猪肉)、DFD猪肉(深色硬干肉);亦可使经由运输过的畜禽体重有不同程度的减轻.本文总结了防范畜禽运输性应激的几种措施. 相似文献
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畜牧业生产中,畜禽常常会在饲养管理、环境变化、饲料营养和运输过程中产生应激,这种应激会对畜禽的生产性能和健康造成严重影响。现代化大型养殖场越来越重视动物的应激及其控制,通过各种技术手段,减少因应激造成的对动物的生长、生产的影响和损失。但是,在大部分规模化养殖场中,由于饲养密度高,内外环境变化难以控制及畜禽自我调控能力有限,应激对动物造成的不良影响仍很严重,并使动物的生产性能和健康对环境的依赖性加大,同时还影响动物的行为等,产生应激综合征,导致疫病的发生,从而影响养殖业效益的发挥。因此如何采取必要的措施,尽量减… 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2%的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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