“金蟾壮羊液体提升料”抗羊长途运输应激损伤实验

考察“金蟾壮羊液体提升料”抗羊长途运输应激损伤作用.试验通过2个不同羊场对长途运输的羊补充“金蟾液体提升料”,以减轻和尽快消除应激损伤,达到快速恢复、增重和复壮的目的.结果试验组比对照组只均重高出2.33 kg、2.66 kg,差异极显著(P＜0.01);并对从这2个羊场挑选的同批瘦弱羊共30只进行复壮,1-2周内全部康复.     

利用腹腔镜技术观察发情藏羊黄体的研究

利用腹腔内窥镜观察发情藏系母羊子宫及黄体情况。结果表明：参试藏系母羊双侧均有黄体的有12只,占30%;单侧有黄体的23只,占57.5%：黄体发育率87.5%。说明试验所选方案对藏系母羊的诱导发情和超数排卵效果显著（P〈0.01）。由腹腔内窥镜观察也可得知,母羊的发情调控效果较好。     

Rhinocerebral and nasal zygomycosis in sheep caused by Conidiobolus incongruus

The clinical findings, pathology and mycology of a cluster of 5 ovine cases of rhinocerebral and nasal zygomycosis caused by Conidiobolus incongruus are described. All cases were in Border Leicester or Merino x Border Leicester ewes from a flock pastured in a low-lying paddock adjoining a small tidal river in subtropical Queensland (latitude 28 degrees S). These cases of zygomycosis are believed to be the first infections due to C incongruus recorded in animals other than humans. The disease was subacute in 4 animals with a course of up to several weeks. In these, the primary site of infection was the posterior nasal cavity. The lesions extended to the dorsum of the face between the eyes, to the orbital cavity and to the anterior brain and meninges in the cranial cavity. In one animal, where the anterior nasal cavity was affected and iodine treatment used, the course was longer. The fungal granulomas had numerous foreign body giant cells, neutrophils and eosinophils. Fungal hyphae were thin walled, 6 to 8 microns in diameter, with occasional septa and irregular branching. They were cuffed with a wide zone of necrotic cell coagulum, or with homogeneous eosinophilic Splendore-Hoeppli granules.     

Immunisation against infections caused by Listeria monocytogenes in sheep

Immunisation against listeriosis in sheep using a live, attenuated vaccine was introduced in Norway in 1984. Since then 65,000 to 80,000 animals have been vaccinated annually. Information obtained by a questionnaire showed that the incidence of listeriosis decreased from approximately 4.0 per cent before the introduction of the vaccine to 1.5 per cent after vaccination started. The incidence of abortions was 0.7 per cent in vaccinated flocks compared to 1.1 per cent in unvaccinated flocks. There were a few adverse reactions in the vaccinated sheep.     

Dehorning and disbudding distress and its alleviation in calves

Dehorning and disbudding are routine painful procedures carried out on cattle to facilitate management. The pain caused by these procedures and its alleviation may be evaluated by monitoring behaviour and physiological responses, and by measuring their effects on weight gain. The cortisol response to cautery disbudding is significantly smaller than that to amputation dehorning which infers that the latter is more painful. Amputation dehorning stimulates a defined cortisol response with a rapid rise to a peak value within 30 min followed by a decline to a plateau which then declines to pre-treatment values after about 8 h. A cornual nerve blockade using lignocaine virtually eliminates the escape behaviour seen during disbudding and dehorning and reduces the plasma cortisol response to dehorning for about 2 h. Thereafter there is an increase in the plasma cortisol concentration, a delayed response, which lasts for about 6 h. A cornual nerve blockade, using lignocaine combined with cauterizing the wound caused by amputation dehorning, virtually eliminates the cortisol response as does combining a lignocaine blockade with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketoprofen. When xylazine is combined with a cornual nerve blockade using lignocaine before dehorning, the cortisol response is virtually eliminated for about 3 h. When this regime is used before cautery disbudding and includes a NSAID given before and after disbudding the behaviour of calves so treated suggests that pain may be alleviated for 24 h. Cautery disbudding is preferable to amputation dehorning, but for optimal pain relief xylazine sedation, local anaesthesia and a NSAID should be used with both procedures.     

Incidence of abortions caused by leptospirosis in sheep and goats in Spain

From 1970 to 1985, 973 outbreaks of abortion in sheep and 262 outbreaks of abortion in goats from southern Spain were studied. Of these, 1.7 and 2.6% respectively were caused by leptospiras, chiefly by the serovar pomona (11 flocks of sheep, 64.7%, and six herds of goats, 75.0%) and in a lower proportion the serovars sejroe (three flocks of sheep 17.6%, and one herd of goats, 12.5%), icterohaemorrhagiae (two and one outbreaks respectively) and grippotyphosa in one ovine flock (5.8%). The mean rates of attach (X + SD) of abortions by leptospirosis have been estimated as 16.9 + 6.5% in ovine outbreaks and 20.7 + 8.3% among goats.     

Retardation of wool growth in Merino sheep caused by bacteria

A condition evidenced by retarded growth of wool with alteration of the yolk into a yellow, sticky, wax-like substance was investigated. The condition was associated with hyperaemia and cellular infiltration into the dermis in the affected areas. Three bacterial species, viz. Enterobacter aerogenes, E. agglomerans and Hafnia alvei, which could grow on the water-extractable component of wool-yolk, were incriminated as the cause of the condition.     

Abortions in sheep caused by Salmonella Brandenburg: Pathological findings

CASE HISTORY: A 7-year-old cat developed sporadic vomiting, reduced appetite, and weight loss over the previous 3 months.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: Palpation revealed a large mid-abdominal mass and the cat had marked eosinophilia. The cat progressively lost weight over the next 7 weeks when euthanasia was performed.

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Necropsy revealed a 3?cm diameter firm white intramural mass in the colon and another in the pylorus. Mesenteric and cranial mediastinal lymph nodes were firm, pale, and enlarged. Histopathological examination revealed foci of necrosis surrounded by thick dense collagen trabeculae and predominantly eosinophilic inflammation within the intestine and lymph nodes. Marked eosinophilic infiltration of the liver was also present.

DIAGNOSIS: The lesions were consistent with gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia (FGESF).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first report of FGESF in a New Zealand cat and the first time lesions of FGESF have been observed in extra-abdominal tissues. Intestinal neoplasia can be clinically identical to FGESF and histopathology is required for differentiation. Evidence suggests that FGESF has a more favourable prognosis than intestinal neoplasia.     

Diseases caused by Pythium insidiosum in sheep and goats: a review

Pythiosis is characterized most commonly by ulcerative dermatitis, mainly in the limbs of sheep and occasionally of goats. In sheep, Pythium insidiosum is also responsible for necrotizing rhinitis characterized by marked enlargement and deformity of the nasal region, severe respiratory difficulty, and bloody nasal discharge. A third form of pythiosis in sheep affects the digestive tract, involving ulceration of the esophagus, forestomachs, and abomasum. Pythiosis in sheep and goats has been reported only in Brazil where it occurs mainly in the semiarid region of the country, when animals congregate and stay for longer periods of time within or around water reservoirs. However, it has been reported as well in areas of humid environments, such as the Pantanal of Mato Grosso and in the Brazilian Cerrado. The diagnosis of the different presentations of pythiosis is based on gross and microscopic findings, coupled with detection of the agent by immunohistochemical, molecular, and/or culture-based methods.     

Dermatomycosis in sheep caused by a rare strain of Trichophyton verrucosum

In the group of sheep reared for blood collections the enzootic occurrence of dermatomycosis was found affecting the hair on the head and back. From the pathological material obtained from the lesions of twelve animals an identical strain of Trichophyton verrucosum was cultivated which differed from common isolates of this type macromorphologically. By its ability to grow in the medium without vitamin and by its thermotolerance this isolate resembled the physiological variety T. verrucosum Bodin 1902, var. autotrophicum Scott 1976. On the example of trichophytosis in the described sheep flock epizootological importance of foci of this infection is demonstrated in flocks where no immunopreventive precautions are taken.     

An outbreak of ringworm in sheep in Ireland caused by Trichophyton verrucosum

An outbreak of ringworm in sheep in Ireland caused by Trichophyton verrucosum is described. The flock consisted of 110 sheep and two separate groups within the flock were affected. Eleven of the first group of 23 sheep and five of the second group of 25 sheep showed lesions. Contact with infected cattle and fomites contaminated by the cattle are believed to have caused the outbreak. An excellent response was obtained in both infected groups by treatment with griseofulvin at a dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg daily for seven days.     

Acute lameness in sheep caused Corynebacterium pyogenes

Abstract

Extract

Feild outbreaks of acute lameness in sheep in New Zealand are usually attributed to contagious footrot (Fusiformis nodosus) (Beveridge, 1941 Beveridge, W. I. B. 1941. Bull. Counc. Sci. indusir. Res. Aust., 140 [Google Scholar]), foot abscess (Sphaerophorus necrophorus) (Gregory, 1939 Gregory, T. S. 1939. Aust. vet. J., 15: 160–160.  [Google Scholar]), or so-called “nutritional scald” Occasionally Erysipelothrix rhusio pathiae is also responsible (Whitten, 1951 Whitten, L. K. 1951. Aust. vet. J., 28: 6–6.  [Google Scholar]).     

Ruminant heat stress: effect on production and means of alleviation

A review of the literature indicates heat stress generally causes lower milk production, decreased growth rate for cattle and lambs, but little effect on wool production. Breed and diet affects the degree of adverse response. Heat stress is caused primarily by high air temperature, but can be intensified by high humidity, thermal radiation and low air movement. Improving performance of animals under warm conditions involves breeding and management and modifying the environment. The former includes selection for heat tolerance, use of crossbred animals, diets with low heat increment in relation to energy for production and control of diseases and parasites. Environmental modifications may include provision of shades, use of water for evaporative cooling and increased air movement.     

Abortion in sheep caused by a nonclassified, anaerobic, flagellated bacterium

Twenty-eight pregnant ewes were inoculated IV with approximately 6 X 10(8) nonclassified, anaerobic, flagellated bacteria (NAFB) that had been isolated from an aborted lamb. Abortion occurred in 3 of the ewes and 1 ewe gave birth to a weak lamb. The remaining 24 ewes and 3 other ewes inoculated orally with NAFB did not develop clinical signs of illness. Suppuration and vasculitis were seen in the placentas of the 3 aborted lambs, 1 of which had necropurulent hepatitis indistinguishable from that usually attributed to Campylobacter fetus infection. The NAFB was isolated from fetal placenta, abomasal content, or internal organs of 2 aborted lambs and the weak lamb. A morphologically similar organism was seen in the abomasal content of the other aborted lamb, but the organism did not grow on bacteriologic culture medium. Therefore, in susceptible pregnant ewes, NAFB can cause fetal placentitis and hepatitis and subsequent birth of weak lambs or abortion.