进口配套生产的蛋种鸡父母代雏如何定价

近几年来，由于国内不少蛋种鸡企业相继改从国外的育种公司引进祖代蛋种鸡，使得国内蛋鸡父母代雏鸡价格产生很大变化，一套蛋鸡父母代雏鸡（进口祖代蛋种鸡生产）从5-7元价格都有，让很多父母代种鸡场客户十分不理解，并对一些售价略高的祖代场产生疑问。进口配套生产的蛋种鸡父母代雏如何定价？是什么原因导致价格差距出现。其中虽然有因养殖淡季销售迟缓或企业自身知名度等因素造成售价过低的情况出现，但长期价格如此，企业也是很难维持下去的。一套蛋鸡父母代雏鸡的真正价值多少是和祖代蛋种鸡饲养成本分不开的，进口祖代蛋种鸡饲养成本和销售父母代雏鸡定价依据又是怎样核算出来的，下面让我们以一次性进口8000套祖代蛋种鸡为例计算看一看。     

首届中国国际兽医兽药技术博览会将于2004年6月68日召开

为了研讨当前蛋鸡业发展形势、推进蛋种鸡企业的交流合作、促进行业健康有序发展，由中国畜牧业协会禽业分会主办的全国蛋种鸡企业发展高层论坛9月7日在北京碧海山庄召开。包括中国畜牧业协会禽业分会部养鸡成为农民致富的有效方式。但中国蛋鸡业的发展存在着粗放型经营的弊端，小规模、大群体的饲养模式使蛋鸡业波动起伏，养鸡利润持续减少，整个行业已进入微利时代，作为商品蛋鸡上     

蛋鸡生产稳定发展 鸡蛋供应有保障

今年以来,全国蛋鸡生产总体稳定发展,今后一个时期鸡蛋市场供应有保障。全国祖代种鸡存栏稳定在47万套左右,18家重点种鸡企业3～7月份在产父母代蛋种鸡平均存栏同比增长5.2%。今年1～6月,重点监测的21家蛋种鸡企业销售商品鸡苗1.75亿只,同比增长24.5%。据对1400多个蛋鸡养殖户定点监测,今年1～7月份每只产蛋鸡平均月盈利为2.82元,处于正常水平。     

最高质量4A级雏鸡打造，从源头保障行业健康发展

蛋种鸡业作为蛋鸡产业的源头,其质量的优劣直接影响蛋鸡产业的效益,作为蛋种鸡产业,应严把质量关,确保产品质量安全,更好的肩负起整个蛋鸡行业健康发展的重任!     

对我国蛋鸡业升级换代的思考

新时期,各种主客观因素要求我们积极推进传统畜牧业向现代畜牧业的转变,其中对蛋鸡业的升级换代业界讨论的比较多,而种鸡企业是推动这一转变的重要力量。作为我国蛋种鸡业的领军人物之一,作者提出要用现代化物质条件装备蛋鸡业、用现代科学技术改造蛋鸡业、用现代产业体系提升蛋鸡业、用现代经营形式推进蛋鸡业、用现代发展理念引领蛋鸡业。     

蛋鸡行业在变,企业经营路在何方？——“第十届中国蛋种鸡企业高层论坛”报道

2011年5月12日，北京华都峪口禽业有限责任公司承办的“第十届中国蛋种鸡企业高层论坛”，在青山环抱．葱翠清幽的北京平谷教工疗养院举行。中国畜牧业协会、国家蛋鸡产业技术体系、《中国禽业导刊》以及全国近400家蛋种鸡企业的代表出席了本次会议，探讨了新时期、新格局下蛋鸡行业发展的新趋势和新方向。     

第八章 蛋种鸡的饲养管理技术

蛋种鸡和蛋鸡在饲养管理方面有很多相同点,蛋用种鸡也要采取生产食品蛋所必需的措施,两者相同的方面本章不再重复,详见第七章。由于种鸡是为了生产种蛋,所以在管理方面和商品蛋鸡就有了一些差别,下面将着重介绍种鸡不同于商品代蛋鸡的饲养管理技术。１育雏育成期的管...     

对我国蛋鸡养殖品种的分析

1国产品种已成为我国蛋鸡养殖的主要品种我国的蛋种鸡育种起步较晚,国产蛋鸡生产性能相对落后,一直以来,蛋种鸡高度依赖国外引进,海兰、罗曼等是我国进口蛋种鸡最主要的品种。但随着国内蛋种鸡育种技术的进步,近几年国产品种更新量占祖代蛋种鸡年更新量的比例呈增加趋势。2009年以前,国产祖代蛋鸡品种更新量占更新总量的比例低于进口品种;但从2010年开始高于进口品种。2013年,国产品种所占比例大致在55%左右,比进口品种高10%（图1）。     

中国蛋鸡业金字塔顶之声——中国畜牧业协会禽业分会祖代蛋种鸡部五届三次会议纪实

除去原种选育,现代蛋鸡业的良繁体系,从祖代到父母代,再到商品代,自上而下逐层堆砌,呈现出二个“金字塔”的结构。位于金字塔顶端的祖代蛋种鸡企业,是整个蛋鸡产业链条的起点,很大程度上掌握着行业的脉搏,左右着蛋鸡业的发展方向。     

影响河北省蛋种鸡健康因素的调查及分析

种鸡的健康状况直接影响到产蛋率、受精率、孵化率和雏鸡的生长发育及其生产性能。多种因素如疾病、环境、饲养管理、应激等均可对种鸡的健康产生影响。河北省蛋鸡产业体系蛋种鸡岗位团队成员走访了河北省饲养规模在2万套以上的22家蛋种鸡企业,对影响河北省蛋种鸡健康的因素进行了总结分析,并制定了改进措施。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.