鸡消化道上皮细胞中乳酸杆菌黏附受体蛋白含量变化

利用兔抗鸡消化道上皮细胞上乳酸杆菌受体蛋白血清,以琼脂扩散试验、不连续活性-PAGE电泳技术和间接ELISA方法,对1～40日龄、健康和患球虫病鸡消化道不同部位乳酸杆菌黏附受体蛋白含量进行了检测。结果表明,1日龄鸡嗉囊与小肠部位产生乳酸杆菌黏附受体蛋白成分,D450nm值分别为0.236和0.176,4～5日龄乳酸杆菌黏附受体蛋白成分达到稳定,D450nm值分别为0.231和0.166。健康鸡体内嗉囊与小肠部位上皮细胞上乳酸杆菌黏附受体蛋白含量比患球虫病鸡明显增多,D450nm值分别为：嗉囊,0.181和0.164;小肠,0.180和0.161。     

鸡球虫病的发生与防治

<正>鸡球虫病是危害极大的鸡肠道寄生虫病,对养鸡生产危害十分严重,是养鸡场最为多发,防治困难的疾病之一。该病一直困扰着养鸡业的发展,其中15~50日龄雏鸡的发病率最高,有时死亡率高达80%以上,其中30日龄左右的雏鸡多患盲肠球虫病,50日龄左右的雏鸡多患小肠球虫病。患病鸡常死亡,雏鸡生长缓慢,发育不良,成年鸡多为带虫者,增重和产蛋均受到不同程度的影响。1发病原因食入感染性卵囊是鸡感染球虫病的主要途径和     

乳酸杆菌黏附鸡消化道上皮细胞超微结构的观察

用扫描电镜观察健康鸡嗉囊黏膜表面正常菌群与黏膜细胞结合的状态,结果发现,嗉囊黏膜表面覆盖着大量的乳酸杆菌,将乳酸杆菌放大可见,其表面以伪足样丝状物与嗉囊黏膜细胞紧密结合。用透射电镜观察乳酸杆菌黏附消化道上皮细胞(CaCo-2cell)的状态发现,上皮细胞与乳酸杆菌相结合后其结构没有变化,菌体结构也完好无损。另外,用透射电镜对乳酸杆菌表面黏附物质被提取前后的形态变化进行了观察,结果表明,细菌被提取蛋白后,细菌细胞壁变薄、透明、凹凸不平,而未提取蛋白的细菌表面结构正常,表明乳酸杆菌表面存在着某种蛋白物质,这种物质就是上皮细胞发生结合的黏附素蛋白。     

鸡球虫病的发生与防治

鸡球虫病是危害极大的鸡肠道寄生虫病，对养鸡生产危害十分严重，是养鸡场最为多发，防治困难的疾病之一。该病一直困扰着养鸡业的发展，其中15-50日龄雏鸡的发病率最高，有时死亡率高达80%以上，其中30日龄左右的雏鸡多患盲肠球虫病，50日龄左右的雏鸡多患小肠球虫病。患病鸡常死亡，雏鸡生长缓慢，发育不良，成年鸡多为带虫者，增重和产蛋均受到不同程度的影响。     

鸡坏死性肠炎与小肠球虫病的鉴别诊断及防制

有文献介绍鸡的坏死性肠炎的病变与艾美球虫感染相似。为快速鉴别诊断这两种病，笔者将临诊中遇到的鸡坏死性肠炎和小肠球虫病有诊断意义的主要症状和剖检病变叙述如下。１．病原（１）鸡坏死性肠炎是由魏氏梭菌引起的。魏氏梭菌是条件性致病菌，健康鸡亦有携带此菌者，故实验室诊断查到该菌，而患鸡没有坏死性肠炎症状和特征性病变时不应确诊为该病。（２）小肠球虫病，近几年流行的是由堆型和巨型艾美球虫寄生在小肠粘膜内引起的，与文献介绍的毒害艾美球虫寄生引起的小肠球虫病不尽相同。２．易感日龄（１）鸡坏死性肠炎发病早的３２日龄…     

鸡急性小肠球虫病的诊断和防治

鸡球虫病是一种由艾美球虫寄生于鸡肠道上皮细胞所引起的、对养鸡业造成极大危害的常见原虫病。根据其寄生部位的不同，可分为盲肠球虫病和小肠球虫病。前者是由柔嫩艾美球虫寄生于鸡盲肠所引起，一般易感龄期为３～５周龄；后者是由毒害艾美球虫、堆型艾美球虫等寄生于鸡小肠所引起，由于易感鸡龄较大，此时往往放松了对球虫病的防治而容易造成较大损失。桂中地区一蛋鸡养殖场饲养的６０００只海兰蛋鸡，在６０日龄后爆发以小肠球虫为主的急性球虫病，发病率高，病情发展凶猛，死亡率高，现将有关情况报道如下。一、防疫情况１日龄时用双价…     

三黄鸡小肠球虫病的诊治

<正>鸡球虫病是鸡最常见的一种急性流行性原虫病,也是一种对生产危害严重的疾病。该病发生普遍,一年四季均可发生,主要危害15~60日龄的鸡只。若按发生部位区分,鸡球虫病可简单地分为盲肠球虫病和小肠球虫病。其中小肠球虫病发生率虽低于盲肠球虫病,但发病更严重,同群鸡病死率更高,经济损失更大。笔者在近年的家禽门诊中,总结了一套行之有效的诊治方法,现报道如下。     

开产蛋鸡慢性小肠球虫病的诊治

据记载鸡球虫病主要发生在3月龄以内的鸡，15～45日龄雏鸡最易感。辽中县9月5日遇到一起已开产2个月的商品代蛋鸡患慢性小肠球虫病的病例，现介绍如下。     

不同培养条件对乳酸菌黏附猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞的影响

为了研究不同培养条件对乳酸菌黏附猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞的影响,试验采用体外细胞培养方法,观察乳酸杆菌在不同条件下(如p H值、温度、离子浓度)黏附猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞的能力。结果表明:p H值为6时,小肠黏膜上皮细胞黏附乳酸杆菌数为(15.60±0.58)个,较其他p H值时多;与其他温度(30℃和42℃)相比,37℃时猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞黏附乳酸杆菌数最多,为(22.44±1.05)个/细胞;与其他浓度相比较,猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞黏附乳酸杆菌数最多的是,2 mmol/L Ca2+时为(11.36±2.36)个/细胞,2 mmol/L Mg2+时为(18.75±1.37)个/细胞,0.005 mmol/L Fe2+时为(22.48±2.78)个/细胞,0.000 5 mmol/L Cu2+时为(20.24±2.35)个/细胞,0.002 5 mmol/L Zn2+时为(17.48±1.59)个/细胞;不同浓度的S2-对乳酸杆菌黏附小肠黏膜上皮细胞黏附性影响不显著;0.005 mmol/L I-时小肠黏膜上皮细胞黏附细菌数为(19.68±1.25)个/细胞,其他浓度I-对乳酸杆菌的细胞黏附性影响不显著。说明乳酸杆菌与猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞黏附的最佳酸碱度、温度分别为p H值为6~7、37~42℃;Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、I-等6种离子的最适浓度分别为2,2,0.005,0.000 5,0.002 5,0.005 mmol/L。     

鸡球虫病的防治措施

鸡球虫病是常见的一种寄生虫疾病,几乎每一批鸡都感染过球虫病,它对养鸡业的危害很严重,尤其是对肉鸡生产影响较大。15～50日龄的雏鸡发病率高,死亡率也较高。其中30日龄左右雏鸡多患盲肠球虫病,50日龄左右的雏鸡多患小肠球虫病。治愈的鸡生长发育也受到很大的影响,鸡群均匀度较差。成鸡多为带虫者,对增重和产蛋具有较大的影响。 市场上虽然早已有球虫疫苗出售,但由于疫苗本身还具有一定的技术问题尚未攻克,而且在推广使用方面也具有一定的难度,如大     

几株益生乳酸菌对Caco-2细胞的黏附及其对致病菌黏附的影响

以Caco-2细胞作为体外模型研究几株乳酸菌的黏附性能及其对大肠杆菌K88和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的黏附抑制性能。采用荧光标记法评价这几株乳酸菌的黏附性能,并通过竞争、排斥和置换试验检测其对上述2株病原菌黏附的抑制作用。结果表明:1)除了乳酸乳球菌外,其他乳酸菌对Caco-2细胞的黏附率均高于这2株病原菌,且黏附率为乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)>肠球菌>致病菌>乳球菌。2)来源于健康鸡肠道的乳杆菌与分离于人肠道的鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lacto-bacillus rhamnosus)和食果糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fructivorans)的黏附率接近。3)大部分乳酸菌菌株能通过置换作用抑制大肠杆菌K88和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的黏附。结果提示,这几株乳酸菌对肠上皮细胞均有较高的黏附率,尤其是乳杆菌,且它们的黏附有菌属特异性。乳酸菌抑制上述2种病原菌的黏附主要通过置换方式,但没有菌属特异性,且与其自身的黏附力也没有必然的联系。     

中药与化学药物对鸡球虫病的疗效对比试验

研究应用中药方剂对鸡球虫病进行了疗效试验,结果表明中药方剂具有明显的抗球虫和促进小鸡增重的效果,中药组与地克珠利组和氨丙啉组的抗球虫指数(ACI)分别为216.1,182.9和144.2,说明中药的抗球虫效果明显优于化学药物;两种化学药物中,地克珠利仍属高效抗球虫药,但氨丙啉的ACI仅有144.2,为低效抗球虫药,已不宜继续用于防治鸡球虫病。     

Association of Reoviridae particles in an enteric syndrome of poults observed in turkey flocks during 1988

An enteric syndrome of turkey poults, characterized by enteritis, crop mycosis, intestinal changes (pale, thin-walled ballooning with watery contents), and rickets, occurred during 1988 in 74 turkey flocks from different farms belonging to 9 California turkey growers. The flocks ranged in size from 9,000 to 120,000 birds. Pools of intestine sections from 618 birds, representing 78 field cases, were examined. Histopathological examination of the intestines showed a mild to severe atrophy with a reduced depth of crypts, which was more prominent in the distal part of the small intestine. Viral isolation attempts with primary cell cultures of chicken embryo kidney cells were negative. Examination by electron microscopy of negatively stained intestinal specimens revealed the presence of Reoviridae particles of 58.8 to 80 nm in diameter. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results on the intestinal pools for mammalian and group A avian rotaviruses were negative. A statistically significant relationship was found for the presence of Reoviridae particles in the intestines of 10-21-day-old birds. Of the 7 most common pathological conditions analyzed, 2, rickets and intestinal changes (thin-walled ballooning intestine with watery contents), showed a statistically significant association with the presence of Reoviridae particles.     

营养素调控鸡球虫病的研究进展

调整日粮的营养成分可以降低感染球虫后的病变程度。本文综述了通过调控日粮蛋白质、脂肪酸、碳水化合物、矿物质和维生素、氨基酸等营养素的水平来控制鸡球虫病的研究进展。     

火鸡冠状病毒的分离和初步鉴定

2003年国内某火鸡场发生了一种以侵害15～25日龄雏火鸡为主的急性传染病，主要表现为腹泻，十二指肠、直肠充血和出血，盲肠肿大，肠道内充满黄绿色内容物，死亡率约为10％～20％。取病死火鸡肝、脾、肠匀浆，取上清液通过尿囊腔接种15日龄SPF鸡胚。连续传代至第5代，收集接种后72h内死亡或存活鸡胚的卵黄和肠道，用于病毒分离和提纯。试验中发现该病毒能凝集兔红细胞，不能凝集鸡红细胞。经电镜观察，在病毒提纯液中发现有圆形或椭圆形、带花冠状纤突的病毒粒子，初步诊断为火鸡冠状病毒感染。进而设计针对火鸡冠状病毒S2基因引物，进行RT-PCR扩增，结果扩增出预期大小的片段。运用所分离病毒进行动物回归试验，感染火鸡出现与自然病例一致的临床症状和病理变化，并能从发病火鸡分离出该病毒。以上结果表明所分离的病毒为火鸡冠状病毒。此病毒的分离在国内尚属首例。     

In vitro adhesion of an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O78 strain to surfaces of the chicken intestinal tract and to ileal mucus

The role of fimbria in adherence of an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) O78 strain 789 to chicken intestine was studied. Bacterial adhesion to tissue sections representing the regions within the chicken intestinal tract was determined by using immunohistochemical methods. E. coli 789 grown to express the type 1 fimbria adhered efficiently to the crop epithelium, to the lamina propria of intestinal villi, and to the apical surfaces of both the mature as well as the crypt-located enterocytes in intestinal villi, whereas no adhesion to mucus-producing goblet cells was detected. The adhesion was inhibited by mannoside and the role of type 1 fimbriae in the observed adhesion was confirmed with a recombinant strain expressing type 1 fimbriae genes cloned from E. coli and Salmonella enterica. E. coli 789 strain grown to favor AC/I fimbriae expression as well as the recombinant E. coli strain expressing the fac genes adhered to goblet cells but only poorly to the other epithelial sites. E. coli strain 789 as well as S. enterica serovar Typhimurium IR715 and S. enterica serovar Enteriditis TN2 strains were able to multiply in ileal mucus medium. The type 1 fimbria expressing bacteria adhered to the ileal mucus, whereas the AC/I fimbriated strains showed poor adherence to the mucus. The adhesion of E. coli 789 onto the crop epithelium and the follicle associated epithelium of the chicken ileum was efficiently inhibited by an adhesive strain ST1 of Lactobacillus crispatus isolated from chicken, whereas poor inhibition of E. coli adherence was observed with the weakly adhesive L. crispatus strain 134mi. The type 1 fimbriae may be important in colonization of the chicken intestine by APEC and Salmonella.     

日粮营养调控鸡球虫病研究进展

本文综述了日粮调控鸡球虫病的方法,日粮中的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质、氨基酸水平以及一些特殊物质都可在一定程度上减轻鸡球虫病的病变程度。     

The history of decoquinate in the control of coccidial infections in ruminants

Taylor, M. A., Bartram, D. J. The history of decoquinate in the control of coccidial infections in ruminants. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.  35 , 417–427. Decoquinate is a quinolone derivative that has been used for over 20 years in the control of coccidiosis in domestic ruminants. Decoquinate treats coccidiosis in lambs and calves and prevents coccidiosis in lambs when administered in feed at a dosage of 1 mg decoquinate/kg bodyweight (b.w.) daily for at least 28 days. It prevents coccidiosis in calves and aids in the prevention of coccidiosis in lambs when administered in calf and ewe feed, respectively, at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg b.w. daily for at least 28 days. Decoquinate also aids in the prevention of abortions and perinatal losses owing to toxoplasmosis by medication of ewe feed at a dosage of 2 mg/kg b.w. daily, fed continuously for 14 weeks prior to lambing. Several field studies have reported reductions in cryptosporidial oocyst shedding. Decoquinate acts early in the life cycle of Eimeria on sporozoites, released from ingested oocysts, and on first‐generation meronts, arresting development and release of merozoites and thus preventing further damage to the intestines owing to the gametocyte stages. Production benefits associated with the use of decoquinate are due mainly to its action as a coccidiostat rather than any effects on diet utilization or ruminal fermentation.     

陕西省杨陵区鸡球虫病原种类的调查研究

对杨陵区四乡一镇的６８组鸡群进行了鸡球虫病的调查研究。结果表明，杨陵区鸡球虫病比较普遍，１５￣５０日龄雏鸡的球虫病特别严重。全区鸡的球虫平均感染率为５８．３％，在所检查的青年，成年鸡群中，笼养鸡群的球虫感染率为３５．１％，散养鸡群的球虫感染率为５７．４％。雏鸡的球虫感染率为６８．４％。经实验室鉴定，共查见柔嫩艾美耳球虫，毒害艾美耳球虫，巨型艾美耳球虫，堆型艾美耳球虫和缓艾美耳球虫和哈氏艾美耳球虫等