2个西洋梨红色芽变品种与原品种果实发育期果皮色素变化比较研究

研究了巴梨和红巴梨、茄梨和红茄梨果皮色素的种类和含量变化。结果表明:红巴梨和红茄梨果实发育期花青素含量变化与原品种明显不同;红巴梨和红茄梨果实花青素含量变化也明显不同;红茄梨和茄梨果皮花青素含量与叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和类黄酮含量间呈正相关趋势;红巴梨和巴梨果皮花青素含量与叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和类黄酮含量间则呈负相关趋势,其中巴梨达显著水平。     

两个品种绿皮梨及其红色芽变品种光合生理特性的比较

以"早酥"梨、"巴梨"与其红色芽变"红早酥"梨、"红巴梨"为试材,在田间条件下,比较研究了4个梨品种功能叶片的光合生理特性的差异和叶片色素含量的变化。结果表明:4个梨品种净光合速率(Pn)日变化曲线呈单峰型,且日变化平均值大小依次为:"早酥"梨"红早酥"梨"红巴梨""巴梨";4个梨品种蒸腾速率(Tr)日变化曲线呈单峰型;"早酥"与"红早酥"梨气孔导度(Gs)日变化曲线呈双峰型,"巴梨"与"红巴梨"为单峰型;"早酥"与"红早酥"梨胞间CO2浓度(Ci)日变化曲线呈双谷型,"巴梨"与"红巴梨"为单谷型;瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)和光能利用效率(LUE)日变化曲线均呈单谷型。红色芽变的"红早酥"梨与"红巴梨"叶片中叶绿素、花色素苷含量均显著高于其对应的"早酥"梨与"巴梨"。     

8个西洋梨品种在北京大兴的表现

通过对北京大兴地区引入的巴梨、凯斯凯德、阿巴特、八月红、五九香、康佛伦斯、早红考密斯以及红茄梨等8个梨品种的主要性状的观察、鉴定,表明8个西洋梨品种的果实主要经济性状、效益等表现良好,根据试验结果,在北京大兴,适宜发展康佛伦斯、巴梨、八月红品种,适量发展五九香和早红考密斯。     

红星梨与茄梨相比有哪些优点

红星梨（又名红茄梨，下同）是美国从茄梨芽变中选育的新品种。为梨果中着色最漂亮的全红型优质早熟品种。引入我国时间较晚，国内栽培尚处于起步阶段。河南省灵宝市川口果树试验园所产梨果已连续3年销往俄罗斯。果园批发价由每千克4元上升至4．6元。茄梨，美国品种，引入我国时间很早，国内山东、河南、山西、陕西均有少量栽培。极受生产者和消费者欢迎。根据红星梨与茄梨的栽培表现比较。现将红星梨的主要优点简述于后．供参考。     

晚熟耐贮红皮梨新品系——红香酥

近几十年来,红皮梨一直是欧美一些国家栽培梨树的热点,而培育晚熟耐贮红皮梨优良新品种亦成为世界梨果主产国多年来的主要育种目标之一.尽管国外曾先后培育出诸如红巴梨、红茄梨、早赛斯凯尔等红皮梨新品种,它们虽然各具特色,在市场竞争中起到一定的作用,但它们终归属于西洋梨种(Pyr-uscommunisL.),果肉需经过后熟软化后始可食用.正由于此,它们均不能久贮,软化后如不食用速即腐烂.我国目前生产上栽培的     

‘早酥’梨及其红皮芽变‘红早酥’梨类黄酮组分变化与合成模式研究

【目的】探讨不同发育时期‘早酥’梨及其红皮芽变‘红早酥’梨果皮类黄酮组成与合成模式。【方法】以‘早酥’梨与芽变‘红早酥’梨不同发育时期的果实为材料,通过HPLC-MS2法测定其果实发育过程中类黄酮组分的含量变化,通过实时荧光定量PCR测定相关合成基因表达水平的变化。【结果】‘早酥’梨和‘红早酥’梨果皮类黄酮组分与含量差异较大,差异主要集中在黄酮醇、原花青素和花青苷代谢支路。2个品种果实自然发育过程中的类黄酮积累模式基本一致,以酚酸、原花青素、黄酮醇和花青苷为主的多数类黄酮组分的合成高峰位于果实发育早期,随着果实发育成熟,酚酸类物质含量呈现不断下降趋势,大部分原花青素、花青苷和黄酮醇类物质在果实膨大期后含量维持稳定。‘早酥’梨葡糖糖苷类黄酮、原花青素组分儿茶素和原花青素B2在果实成熟期出现第二个积累高峰。类黄酮合成高峰期,大多数类黄酮合成基因表达水平达到峰值。果实发育后期,下游类黄酮合成基因DFR、ANR、ANS和UFGT表达量相应提高。【结论】‘红早酥’梨果皮比‘早酥’梨果皮含有更多类黄酮物质,特别是类黄酮糖苷衍生物的种类更为丰富,含量也显著升高。‘红早酥’梨和‘早酥’梨果皮中的类黄酮合成高峰均位于果实发育早期。随着果实的发育,‘红早酥’成熟果皮中类黄酮组分含量虽有下降,但仍含有较高水平的原花青素和类黄酮糖苷类衍生物。     

梨果畸形的原因及防治措施

果实形状是梨果外观品质的重要指标之一,每个品种都有其各自的典型果形,如鸭梨为倒卵圆形,黄金为扁圆形,丰水为近圆形,红香酥为长卵圆形,红巴梨为长瓢形.但无论哪种形状,都要求果形端正整齐,而变形果、歪斜果、疙瘩梨及沟沟梨等(以下通称为畸形果)均属劣、次果,严重影响梨果的商品价值.据几年来的调查试验及参考有关资料,发现梨果畸形与授粉品种、授粉状况、留果序位、某些微量元素供应、花期霜冻、药害及病虫危害有关.现将梨果畸形的原因及防治措施分别介绍如下.     

7个西洋梨品种适宜授粉树研究

梨属于配子体型自交不亲和性果树,大多数品种自花授粉不结实,并存在异花授粉不亲和现象,因此在生产上必须合理配置授粉树或在花期人工辅助授粉,才能获得预期的产量和品质。试验选取胶东地区有一定栽培面积的盘克汉姆、三季梨、红茄梨、巴梨、秋洋梨、阿巴特和茄梨共计7个西洋梨品种进行相互授粉试验,以期筛选出各品种适宜的授粉树品种。     

红星梨建园技术

红星梨（红茄梨）,西洋梨品系,美国品种。为中外梨果中着色最漂亮的品种之一。国内发展处于起步阶段,市场前景广阔。现将建园技术简述于后,供参考。     

早熟红色西洋梨市场前景好

1风味好,上市早目前栽培表现最好的早熟红色西洋梨是红星梨(红茄梨)和早红考密斯梨,其共同优点是果面光亮,果点小,落花后果实为全面紫红色,成熟后果面为鲜红色,为国内外梨果中着色最漂亮的品种。另外,着色良好的西洋红梨还有考西亚梨和粉酪梨,红色面可达果面的20%～50%。除外观艳丽外,西洋红梨石细胞少,肉质软,汁液多,味道甘甜微酸,香味浓郁,符合消费者的口味。早熟红色西洋梨在河南灵宝的成熟期为7月上中旬,个别品种在6月下旬就可采摘上市,此时正处于梨果供应淡季,有利于抢占市场先机。2发展处于起步阶段,市场供不应求早熟红色西洋梨在国外…     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.