牧草收获机割草装置的研制与试验

针对92GL2型牵引式牧草收获机的功能要求,通过分析确定了其割草机构。该机构结构简单,割草效率高,功率消耗低,能一次性完成牧草的割草和搂草。     

9GMC-100型牧草小麦收割机试验效果分析

为了考核9GMC-100型牧草小麦收割机的技术经济性能和适应性,选择在庆阳绿鑫草畜产业开发有限责任公司环县曲子牧草生产基地、宁县早胜基地和西峰区彭原乡下庄村等3地对引进的样机进了田间试验,验证了该机结构设计的合理性、工作可靠性和适应性。通过田间性能试验和大面积生产考核表明,9GMC-100型牧草小麦收割机,可基本满足庆阳市各种地域条件下紫花苜蓿、人工禾草及小麦等农作物收割的农艺技术要求。     

积极开展牧草生产机械化 推动青海省生态畜牧业可持续发展

1前言青海省是草地畜牧业大省,畜牧业年产值占全省农业总产值的比例超过60%。随着青海省养殖规模的扩大和草地畜牧业产值的不断提高,牲畜养殖规模扩大和饲草短缺的矛盾、草场保护和草地畜牧业发展的矛盾越来越突出。环青海湖地区拥有广袤而优质的草场,牧民有种植青燕     

基于主成分分析法的牧草不同套种模式综合效益评价

依据呼和浩特市郊区牧草套种田间试验提供的参数,对苜蓿套种玉米的4种不同组合模式,在进行产量性状、经济效益和水效益比较的基础上,运用主成分分析方法,对综合效益进行了全面系统的评价。结果表明,4行玉米套8行苜蓿的组合模式,在节约灌溉水的前提下实现了草、料高产,并且水分、能量利用效率高,经济效益好,综合效益显著,可作为内蒙古中部乃至西北牧区发展灌溉饲草料地的主要种植模式进行推广。     

太阳能热带牧草干燥机的设计与试验

热带牧草的干燥方式主要是自然晾晒和利用物理化学方法的耗能干燥,干燥技术落后,耗能大,营养损失较大,效率较低。针对热研2号柱花草设计研制出一种太阳能热带牧草干燥机,利用海南丰富的太阳能资源,采用3层网状输草装置和匀风控温系统,实现牧草均匀干燥加工。该干燥机试验时段平均工作温度为58℃,干燥室最高温度为67℃,太阳能集热器效率达到57.2%,牧草干燥效率为0.52t/d,干燥后湿基含水率≤17%。牧草营养成分与自然晒干相比总体保留较好,满足热带牧草干燥的生产要求。     

多功能水平回转式牧草搂翻一体机设计与试验

为满足国内市场对牧草搂翻机具的需求,设计了多功能水平回转式牧草搂翻一体机.介绍了该机的结构和工作原理,对传动系统、搂草装置和转向锁定装置等关键部件进行设计.田间试验结果表明,该机具搂草、摊平、翻晒和移行等性能好,牧草损失小,漏搂率2.2％、花叶损失率2.5％,对牧草打击次数少,保持牧草营养成分,其开发设计符合我国现代畜...     

牧草免耕播种机械设计与试验研究

本文从青海省牧草及播种机械现状出发,简要分析了牧草播种机械存在的问题,提出了发展建议;并从工作实际着手,通过参与牧草免耕播种机研制、试验、鉴定过程,总结了滚筒式牧草播种机设计中应注意的几个方面。     

禾本科牧草种子采集装置设计与试验

针对谷物联合收割机全喂入收获方式不适用于牧草种子的收获,同时由于豆科牧草种子和禾本科牧草种子的物理特性不同,我国现有的自走式牧草种子专用收获装备主要适用于收获豆科牧草种子,对于禾本科牧草种子收获质量较差、损失率较高等问题,在9ZZ-2.4型自走式牧草种子收获机的基础上,研制了一种新型的可与豆科采集台互换的禾本科牧草种子采集装置,结构简单、操控方便,各项技术参数与原有收获机匹配良好,具有广泛转化和示范推广意义。     

旋转式牧草收割压扁机的设计初探

北纬45°适宜饲养牛羊等大牲畜,黑龙江省地处这个纬度,因此我省的大牲畜的饲养业得到了快速发展。由于草原承载不了过量的养殖,所以过去我省是以半粮半饲料为主的养殖业。主要是玉米收获后对秸秆进行饲料加工,这时的秸秆营养价值已经不高了,更大的作用是为了饱腹,随着养殖业的发展,特别是奶牛饲养量的加大,人们开始重视青贮种植和加工。青贮饲料与高蛋白牧草相比,营养方面还存在很的差别,从发展的观点来看,种植高蛋白牧草会越来越受到人们的重视,并将形成产业化。     

山地生态畜牧业的牧草种植技术及应用研究

众所周知,我国疆域广阔且地形地貌复杂多样,有高原、平原、山地等.在此基础上,我国还是一个多山的国家,山区的面积占到了全国陆地面积的2/3,山地资源的合理开发与利用,不仅有利于我国土地资源的持续利用与发展,还有利于我国社会经济的长远、稳定发展.因此,笔者基于实现山地开发利用效益最大化的目标,通过分析山地生态畜牧业概况,进...     

基于改进YOLOv3网络模型的茶草位置检测算法

精准高效的茶草识别是智能茶园植保机械进行除草工作的关键。针对目前茶园除草智能化程度较低等问题,提出改进YOLOv3网络模型的茶草检测算法。首先,分季节和时间段,在多个茶叶品种的种植园中以自适应的距离和角度采集茶草混合图像并建立试验数据集。接着,使用K均值聚类算法重新设计先验锚框尺度。然后,以YOLOv3网络模型为基础,选取17×17的网格划分图像区域;采用残差网络（ResNet）作为主干网;加入过程提取层,增强草株检测性能。最后在原损失函数中引入广义交并比损失。通过消融试验和不同目标检测算法对比试验验证此改进算法对茶树与杂草的检测效果。试验结果表明,改进 YOLOv3网络模型对杂草的检测精确率和召回率分别为85.34%和91.38%,对茶树的检测精确率和召回率最高达到82.56%和90.12%;与原YOLOv3网络模型相比,检测精确率提高8.05%,并且每秒传输帧数达到52.83 Hz,是Faster R-CNN网络模型的16倍。这些数据说明所提算法在茶园复杂环境下,不仅对于茶树和杂草具有更好的识别效果,而且满足实时检测的要求,可以为智能茶园植保机械提供技术支持。     

茶园节水灌溉控制系统的设计

首先分析了茶园节水灌溉的必要性,利用虚拟仪器技术、传感器技术、数据库技术、变频技术和PLC技术开发了一套茶园节水灌溉系统.整套系统使用起来稳定性高、易于控制且安全节能,获得了最佳的经济效益.     

A logistic analysis of the factors determining the decision of smallholder farmers to intercrop: A case study involving rubber–tea intercropping in Sri Lanka

The factors influencing the decision of smallholder farmers to adopt new farming technologies were studied with reference to rubber–tea intercropping in Sri Lanka. Rubber–tea intercropping has been recommended previously to rubber farmers as a means to improve productivity and income during the early pre-tapping phase of rubber growth. Although crop trials have shown that the two crops are agronomically compatible and potentially produce a combined economic yield superior to the yield of a sole crop grown on the same area of land, there is little evidence of widespread adoption of this practice among smallholder farmers in Sri Lanka. The aim of the study was to determine the major factors that influence the decision to undertake rubber–tea intercropping and to construct a predictive model that describes the likelihood of adoption of intercropping by traditional smallholder rubber growers. A rapid rural appraisal (RRA) was undertaken based on semi-structured interviews of 90 smallholder farmers in the main rubber growing low wet zone of Sri Lanka. Among a number of factors shown to significantly influence the decision to intercrop tea with rubber, three were shown to operate independently, namely level of income, source of income (i.e. solely from own farm or from farm plus additional off-farm enterprises), and availability of land considered suitable for tea cultivation. A statistical model developed through correlation and logistic analysis, which predicts the likelihood of a smallholder adopting intercropping based on these factors, is presented and discussed. The most likely combination of circumstances (82% probability) under which rubber–tea intercropping is practiced is shown to be where the farmer’s income is greater than Rs. 10,000 per month, where the farmer’s income is based solely on own farm enterprises, and where more than 80% of the farmer’s land area was judged to be suitable for tea cultivation. Conversely, 30% of smallholder farmers that chose not to intercrop did possess land suitable for tea cultivation. Qualitative responses to the RRA indicated that limitation of technical knowledge was the main problem subsequently faced by rubber farmers who had adopted rubber–tea intercropping. Results indicate that there is need for both income support through farm subsidies and further agricultural extension services, if rubber–tea intercropping is to be adopted more widely in Sri Lanka. The wider usefulness of the developed logistic model in determining the likelihood of adoption of intercropping by smallholder farmers is discussed.     

A review of research on forage chopping

The literature concerned with the chopping of forage is reviewed and correlation and collation of the findings attempted. The measurement of the physical and mechanical properties of forage materials as single stems and in bulk is discussed. The attempts which have been made at theoretical analyses of the mechanics of cutting layers of forage are examined. An evaluation is made of the research carried out on the cutting of single stems and its relevance to the cutting of beds of forage material. Investigations concerned with the effects of the design parameters of cutting heads and crop characteristics on cutting efficiency are critically examined. Comparisons are made of the specific energy requirements of forage harvesters obtained from test results and the energy balances of machines are evaluated from published data. An assessment is also made of the methods of measuring and presenting the distribution of chop length produced by chopping mechanisms.The information available is shown to be diverse and largely empirical but probably sufficient for conventional cutting heads to have been developed to near optimal form. Research shows that blades used in forage chopping should have a blade angle in the range 30–40° with a rake angle of 10–20°, cutting at speeds up to 30 m/s. The optimum radius of the cutting edge is approximately 0·05 mm.In general, 35% of forage harvester power is utilized in chopping the forage material and 50% in accelerating the cut material, overcoming friction with the cutter housing and providing air movement in the discharge pipe.The review concludes that there is a need for more basic information and a better understanding of cutting mechanics. There is a requirement for further studies of the cutting action of blades with transverse motion and of the orientation of the crop material. More measurements are required of cutting forces, together with studies of the effects of cutting speed and providing mechanical support to stems during impact cutting. There is insufficient knowledge of the physical properties of bulk forage materials which are relevant to the cutting process. There is a need to establish a model of cutting mechanics and to relate knife parameters to forage material properties. Further information is required on the chop length distribution of different forms of cutting mechanism.     

The yield,quality and profitability of annual forage,perennial pasture and perennial forage systems under irrigation

Intensive fodder production systems were compared under irrigation in western New South Wales. The three basic systems studied were:

• 1.(1) Annual forages (Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense plus Avena sativa).
• 2.(2) Perennial pasture (Paspalum dilatatum).
• 3.(3) Perennial forage (Medicago sativa).

The first two systems included nitrogen fertilizer or legume options, while the last had the option of including a perennial sorghum.Dry matter production was highest in the annual forage system (maximum of 30·5 tonnes ha⁻¹ year⁻¹), although annual establishment costs were higher than for perennial systems. The perennial pasture yielded 21·5 tonnes ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ but, like the annual forage system, 250 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ was required to obtain this yield. The perennial forage yielded 19·8 tonnes ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ without nitrogen fertilizer. Furthermore, it yielded more digestible dry matter and nitrogen than any other system.Although the annual forage system was the most profitable when based upon a set price for hay, the best system for grazing was difficult to determine; factors relating to grazing management are discussed.     

喷灌条件下茶园土壤肥力与茶叶品质指标

在喷灌条件下水分调控的基础上,采用田间试验研究了茶园土壤肥力指标(包括土壤氮素、土壤温度)与茶叶品质指标(包括氨基酸、茶多酚)的动态变化规律.研究结果表明,喷灌条件下茶园表层土壤总氮(TN)含量最高,随着土层深度的增加,TN含量呈递减趋势,喷灌处理各土层TN含量略高于常规处理,速效氮含量变化呈现与TN含量变化相同趋势,对比常规处理,喷灌处理各土层土壤TN平均含量增加3.3%~22.2%,速效氮平均含量增加7.1%~24.7%;喷灌处理表层土壤与20 cm土层土壤温度均高于常规处理,表层土壤温度在5:00最低,比常规处理提前1 h,在14:00最高,与常规处理同步,20 cm土层土壤温度在8:00最低,比常规提前2 h,在17:00最高,比常规处理提前近2 h;此外,氨基酸含量变化呈现出先降低后增加的趋势,茶多酚含量变化呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,喷灌处理氨基酸、茶多酚含量均高于常规处理,氨基酸含量提高12.21%,茶多酚含量提高17.03%.     

改进Retina-Net的草坪杂草目标检测

在城市规划与园林景观中,人工养护的草坪起到美化环境的作用,但是各类草坪杂草的滋生,严重损害景观草坪的观赏性。而人工分辨杂草费时费力,影响后续的除草效率。因此,借助深度学习的研究成果,对现有的Retina-Net目标检测模型进行针对性改进,通过提取训练集目标图像特征信息、增设多尺度感受野、改进软池化层等方式,提升模型的杂草检测和种类分辨的能力,有助于后续除草工作的高效展开。最终试验对6类杂草的识别率分别为85.3%,84%,89.6%,86.7%,95.1%,91.5%。相比较于其他主流目标检测算法,识别率分别提高2.2%～9.3%。     

自走式青饲料收获机传动系统的设计

介绍了自走式青饲料收获机不同传动系统的设计,分析了有代表性的自走式青饲料收获机各部件传动系统的设计特点,从底盘传动、发动机到主要工作部件传动、籽粒破碎的传动、喂入装置的传动和割台的传动5个主要方面阐述了现有传动方式的研究现状,并对各种传动方式的优缺点进行了详细分析,为今后自走式青饲料收获机传动系统的设计提供参考。     

The use of manatees for the control of aquatic weeds in Guyana

The West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus) has been widely suggested as a means of biological control of aquatic weeds. Despite significant research little data is available from existing manatee installations.Manatees have been used in Guyana for weed control for over a century and are still being used today. Data was collected from a number of sites, both past and present, to establish the reliability of the manatee as a weed control agent and to formulate a series of guidelines on which to base future manatee developments.     

风障对茶园的减风增温效果及对茶树冠层叶片含水率影响

为解决冬季茶园风寒冻害问题,于2008年1月在安徽农业大学茶场建立塑料薄膜风障,测定风障对茶园的减风增温作用及其对茶树冠层叶片含水率的影响。风障的高度为2.0 m,以5×7网格点测定2.8、2.0 m风障高和1.2 m茶树冠层高度3个层次的风速,以4×4网格点测定地表温度、茶树冠层叶片含水率。结果表明,2.8 m高度,风障上方的风速比环境风速增加30%左右,下风方向的减风作用随风速增大而减小,距离风障7 m区域是风速减弱最强的区域,环境风速2.6 m/s时中轴线风速减小13.5%,环境风速1.0 m/s时