尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型4号生理小种中FoGAS1基因的克隆与序列分析

采用PCR和RT-PCR的方法,从尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型4号生理小种中克隆得到了FoGAS1基因的DNA及cDNA序列,并运用生物信息学的方法对该基因所编码的氨基酸序列进行分析,预测其编码蛋白质的结构和功能。结果表明,FoGAS1基因全长1 672 bp,其中开放阅读框全长1 623 bp,编码含有540个氨基酸残基的蛋白质,该蛋白分子量为58398.1,等电点pI=4.83,为性质稳定的亲水性蛋白。FoGAS1蛋白为跨膜蛋白,含有22个丝氨酸磷酸化位点,2个苏氨酸磷酸化位点,8个酪氨酸磷酸化位点。该蛋白在C端有一个信号肽结构,为一种分泌蛋白。通过系统进化树分析,该蛋白在不同种属镰刀菌中高度保守。     

Molecular cloning, recombinant expression, and immunological characterization of a novel allergen from tartary buckwheat

Buckwheat is generally regarded as a nutritionally rich food source. However, earlier studies prove that it also causes allergies to subjects. Allergenic proteins with a strong IgE-binding activity have been identified in common buckwheat (CB) and a 24 kDa allergen (rTBa) in tartary buckwheat (TB). The objective of this research was to clone and express a novel allergen in tartary buckwheat and to evaluate its structure and immunological activity. The 1773 bp full-length cDNA was amplified and cloned from the total RNA of TB by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) methods. Its nucleotide sequence had high similarity with legume-like 13S storage protein mRNA in CB. The deduced amino acid sequence included a putative signal peptide and 18 fragments as its epitope sites. The predicted full-length TB allergen sequence was found to have two domains, and the recombinant protein reacted with sera from patients with positive IgE binding to buckwheat and had a lower binding ability than the recombinant TBa and recombinant TBb (C- and N-terminal amino acid sequence of TBt codes for protein). This fact suggests that full-length TB allergen may hydrolyze to two domains in vivo, decreasing the IgE-binding ability.     

Characterization of a salt-independent pectin methylesterase purified from valencia orange peel

The pectin methylesterase (PME; EC 3.1.1.11) present in a commercial orange peel enzyme preparation was characterized to establish its identity among the multiple PME isozymes present in Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis L.) peel. We show the commercial enzyme corresponds to the major peak 2 PME previously separated by heparin-Sepharose chromatography (Cameron et al., J. Food Sci. 1998, 63, 253). Both PMEs have comparable elution profiles on cation-exchange and hydrophobic-interaction perfusion chromatography columns, molecular weights (ca. 34 kDa) and pI (pH 9.2), and biochemical properties, including a broad pH activity range and activity in the absence of added cations. An identical partial amino terminal peptide sequence was also obtained for the PMEs, which further demonstrated a structural identity with other plant PMEs. The biochemical and structural properties readily distinguish this Valencia orange PME from salt-dependent isozymes and further suggest that it is an ortholog to the salt-independent fruit-specific isozyme of tomato. This work provides a well-defined, enzymatically homogeneous, salt-independent (type 1) plant PME isozyme that is suitable for studying details of the enzyme's mode of action and for use in modifying methylester patterns for studying the structure-functional property relationships in pectin.     

甘薯茎线虫乙酰胆碱酯酶基因ace-3全长cDNA的克隆和序列分析

利用RT- PCR结合RACE技术克隆了甘薯茎线虫（Ditylenchus destructor）乙酰胆碱酯酶基因cDNA,Dd-ace-3,提交GenBank登录号EF583057。该cDNA序列5’端存在反式剪接引导序列SL1,全长2517bp ,包含一个1836bp的开放阅读框;在推导出的611个氨基酸残基的前体蛋白中, N 端的前21个氨基酸残基为信号肽, C-28的位置存在糖基磷脂酰肌醇(GPI)锚定位点,除此之外的562个氨基酸残基是成熟的乙酰胆碱酯酶序列,其预测的分子量为64396.81D。在一级结构中,形成催化活性中心的3个氨基酸残基 (Ser232 ,Glu360 和His479) ,以及在亚基内形成二硫键的6个半胱氨酸完全保守;在电鳐乙酰胆碱酯酶分子的催化功能域中存在14个保守的芳香族氨基酸残基,其中11个在甘薯茎线虫乙酰胆碱酯酶中完全保守。该酶的氨基酸序列与秀丽小杆线虫（Caenorhabditis elegans）ACE-3和ACE-4的同源性达56.1%和50.0%。与其它线虫和物种乙酰胆碱酯酶的聚类分析显示,甘薯茎线虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶与Ш型乙酰胆碱酯酶ACE-3同属一个支系。     

香鱼抗凝血酶基因(AT)cDNA的克隆、序列分析及组织表达特征

抗凝血酶(antithrombin,AT)主要抑制凝血酶(thrombin)及其它凝血因子的活性,并具有重要的抗炎活性。本实验从香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)肝组织cDNA文库中成功获得了香鱼AT基因的cDNA全序列(EMBL登录号:FN429980)。测序结果表明,香鱼AT基因cDNA全长1487个核苷酸,包含1个大的开放阅读框(ORF),推测编码1个由453个氨基酸组成的蛋白,N端23个氨基酸为信号肽序列。成熟AT具有与哺乳动物AT相似的特征结构,包括:羧基末端附近的丝氨酸蛋白酶活性中心、6个保守的Cys残基形成的3个二硫键结构和4个N-糖基化位点。氨基酸序列分析表明,香鱼AT与大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)AT氨基酸序列同源性最高,为81%。系统进化树分析表明,物种AT的进化关系与目前接受的物种分类关系基本一致,香鱼AT位于鱼类AT簇中,与大西洋鲑、红鳍东方豚(Takifugu rubripes)和斑马鱼(Danio rerio)AT进化相关性最高。AT mRNA在健康香鱼的肝组织中表达量最大,在脾、肾和脑中表达量较低。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,在鳗利斯顿氏菌(Listone...     

玉米大斑病菌G蛋白β亚基编码基因的克隆与表达

玉米大斑病菌（Setosphearia turcica）属半知菌亚门丝状真菌，是严重威胁玉米生产的重要植物病原真菌。本研究克隆了玉米大斑病菌G蛋白β亚基编码基因Stgb-1。Stgb-1基因全长1296bp，由5个外显子和4个内含子组成；开放阅读框（ORF）为1056bp，编码351个氨基酸，蛋白质计算分子量为39.081kDa。STGB1蛋白推导氨基酸序列与Cochliobolus heterostrophus（100%）、Cryphonectria parasitica（80%）、Aspergillus fumigatus（81%）等丝状真菌的G蛋白β亚基编码基因均具有较高的同源性。同时，利用RACE技术和Genomic Walking技术获得了Stgb-1基因3’-末端cDNA和DNA的3’端侧翼序列，BlastN结果表明其cDNA 3’-UTR为136bp，poly(A)由9个A构成。此外，构建了pET28a-Stgb-1原核表达载体，SDS-PAGE检测和Western blot鉴定结果表明，目的蛋白在E.coli BL21菌株中已成功实现了诱导表达，为进一步研究蛋白结构与功能的关系奠定了基础。     

Effect of juice extractor settings on juice cloud stability.

Juice was extracted from Valencia oranges using three different extractor settings. Differential juice cloud stability was observed. Soft-extracted juice was the most stable, and hard-extracted juice was the least stable. The medium-extracted juice had intermediate cloud stability. Yearly (1997 versus 1998) differences were observed, but the relationship among the juices did not change. Addition of protein extracts, obtained from each juice, to pasteurized juice also resulted in differential cloud stability. Using pectinmethylesterase (PME) activity estimated at pH 4.5, the effects of the protein extract mirrored results from raw juice. Estimating PME activity at pH 7.5 produced contradictory results, indicating that predicting consequences of PME activity estimated at pH 7.5 is unreliable.     

Vacuum infusion of plant or fungal pectinmethylesterase and calcium affects the texture and structure of eggplant

The effect of vacuum infusion on eggplant quality of a commercial fungal (Aspergillus niger) and citrus pectinmethylesterase (PME) with calcium chloride (4000 ppm) was investigated after processing and during storage. Firmness of infused eggplants using fungal or citrus PME was significantly increased compared to controls (fresh noninfused and water-infused control) after processing and during storage for 7 days at 4 degrees C. Activity of fungal PME-infused eggplant increased almost 32 times, whereas activity of eggplant infused with Marsh grapefruit PME increased 2-fold. Degree of esterification of pectin of eggplants infused with fungal or citrus PME decreased slightly. Cryo-SEM showed that samples treated with fungal PME/ CaCl2 displayed more integrity among cells as compared with water-infused control. The change of pectin in the cell wall was visualized using monoclonal antibodies JIM5 (low-esterified pectin) and JIM7 (high-esterified pectin). JIM5 showed more binding than JIM7 with the cell walls of eggplant tissues from fungal PME/ CaCl2 treatment.     

Enzymatic modification of pectin to increase its calcium sensitivity while preserving its molecular weight

A commercial high-methoxy citrus pectin was treated with a purified salt-independent pectin methylesterase (PME) isozyme isolated from Valencia orange peel to prepare a series of deesterified pectins. A series of alkali-deesterified pectins was also prepared at pH 10 under conditions permitting beta-elimination. Analysis of these pectins using high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with on-line multiangle laser light-scattering, differential viscometer, and refractive index (RI) detectors revealed no reduction in weight-average molecular weight (M(w); 150000) in the PME-treated pectin series, whereas a 16% reduction in intrinsic viscosity (IV) occurred below a degree of esterification (DE) of 47%. In contrast, alkali deesterification rapidly reduced both M(w) and IV to less than half of that observed for untreated pectin. PME treatment of a non-calcium-sensitive citrus pectin introduced calcium sensitivity with only a 6% reduction in the DE. Triad blocks of unesterified galacturonic acid were observed in (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of this calcium-sensitive pectin (CSP). These results demonstrate that the orange salt-independent PME isozyme utilizes a blockwise mode of action. This is the first report of the preparation of a CSP by PME treatment without significant loss of the pectin's M(w) due to depolymerization.     

鲤CC型趋化因子CCL-C5a样基因的克隆、组织表达与进化分析

趋化因子家族是一类能诱导白细胞激活和迁移的趋化性细胞因子家族,是鱼类先天免疫的重要组成部分.CC类家族是趋化因子家族中最大的家族之一.为研究鲤CC类家族成员的组织表达和进化模式,以及进一步研究鲤CC类趋化因子的免疫调控机制,本研究选择该家族其中的一个基因,CCL-C5a样基因,根据EST序列结合RACE方法从鲤(Cyprinus carpio)脾脏中克降了该基因的全长cDNA序列(GenBank登录号:JQ026408).该序列全长830 bp,5端非翻译区174 bp,3端非翻译区296 bp,开放阅读框360 bp,编码一个由119个氨基酸组成的蛋白.结构域分析发现,该蛋白质含有分泌信弓肽和保守的趋化因子结构域;Gene Ontology注释该基因参与免疫细胞迁移的生物学过程.CCL-C5a基因在鲤10个组织中表达,其中在脾和肝的表达量最高.脂多糖刺激鲤外周血白细胞和头肾白细胞后,该基因表达量出现显著上升.氨基酸序列保守性分析表明,鲤CCL-C5a样趋化因子与斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的同源性最高,为61％,与蓝鲶(Ictalurus futrcatus)、沟鲶(Ictalurusp unctatus)和大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)的同源性分别为47％、47％和42％;与人(Homo sapiens)CCL19蛋白的同源性为37％.适应性进化分析发现,鲤与斑马鱼CCL-C5a的Ka/Ks小于1,说明CCL-C5a基因在鱼类的进化过程受到负选择压作用.本研究结果表明,鲤CCL-C5a主要在免疫器官上高表达,并受到脂多糖诱导表达上升;同时该基因在鱼类中受到负选择作用.这些结果提示CCL-C5a可能是一个与免疫相关的基因.     

尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型4号生理小种中Fsr1基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

以尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型4号生理小种为材料,克隆其Fsr1基因的DNA及cDNA全长,并对其进行生物信息学分析。根据镰刀菌中相关基因设计简并引物,结合PCR与RT-PCR技术扩增目的片段,进行氨基酸序列推导后分析。得到结果 FoFsr1基因开放阅读框为2 474 bp,共编码824个氨基酸;FoFsr1基因编码蛋白可能是存在于细胞核中的跨膜亲水蛋白,含有54个蛋白磷酸化位点,不含有信号肽;该蛋白主要含有1个Striatin结构域及7个WD40结构域,二级结构主要由β折叠和无规则卷曲组成,其中不含有亮氨酸拉链结构;同源性分析发现其与丛赤壳菌属中的Fsr1蛋白亲缘关系最近。通过结构分析发现,推测该蛋白可能在细胞周期及细胞凋亡过程中起信号转导与转录调控的作用,从而对病原菌的致病力产生影响。     

大肠杆菌海藻糖磷酸合酶基因的克隆

根据报道的大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli)海藻糖－6－磷酸合酶基因（otsA)，设计引物，通过PCR技术从大肠杆菌XLI菌株的总DNA中扩增到一个1．4kb片段。经克隆、测序分析，该片段长1425bp并含一完整的开放读框（ORF）。在核苷酸水平上，该ORF与已报道的otsA基因具有99．86％的同源性。在氨基酸水平上，其推断性的编码产物蛋白与OtsA具有100％一致性。     

诸葛菜OvCYP86MF基因的克隆及其特性分析

为进一步阐明细胞色素P450基因CYP86MF在诸葛菜发育中的分子机理,本文根据已知同源基因保守序列设计特异引物,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术从诸葛菜中获得一个细胞色素P450基因(OvCYP86MF)全长cDNA序列,该序列全长为1876bp,含有1605bp的完整开放阅读框,可编码534个氨基酸,分子量和等电点分别为61.4kDa和6.90,具有细胞色素P450蛋白的典型特征,即保守结构域FNAGPRLCIG;原核表达显示该基因的融合蛋白在体外可以诱导表达;DANSTAR和Clustal W软件分析表明该基因的全长cDNA序列及其编码氨基酸序列与十字花科物种拟南芥相似性很高,达到80%以上,亲缘关系最近;与CYP86C亚家族成员在氨基酸水平上的相似性均高于50%,因此推断该基因属于CYP86C这个亚家族。Northern杂交分析表明该基因在花蕾中特异表达。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌YN-1抑菌蛋白TasA基因的克隆及原核表达

本文以解淀粉芽孢杆菌YN-1菌株为研究对象,利用PCR方法从基因组DNA中扩增出编码TasA抑菌基因的全长DNA,并构建pGEX-4T2/TasA原核表达载体,获得TasA-GST融合表达的抑菌蛋白。测序结果表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌YN-1TasA基因核苷酸序列全长为786bp(GenBank登录号:EU131674),编码261个氨基酸残基;同源性分析表明,它与解淀粉芽孢杆菌B.amyloliquefaciens FZB42(YP_001421886)序列的同源性最高,达98%,预测蛋白分子量为31kD。SDS-PAGE分析表明,TasA基因能在大肠杆菌BL21中表达,Western印迹分析pGEX-4T2/TasA原核表达载体,检测到约57kD的TasA-GST融合外源蛋白,与预测的融合蛋白分子量大小相符。表达产物细胞裂解液上清经Ni柱层析,表明浓度为500mmol/L咪唑洗脱缓冲液时获得较高浓度和纯度的纯化蛋白。进一步抑菌活性分析表明表达产物对黄瓜灰霉病病原菌检测平板上显示出较好的抑菌活性。本研究结果将为今后深入研究TasA抑菌蛋白基因以及抗病转基因工程提供了参考。     

洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌CAS19嗜铁素合成相关基因cepR的克隆及生物信息分析

本研究采用PCR方法克隆了洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌CAS19嗜铁素合成相关基因cepR,并对cepR基因编码蛋白的结构和功能进行生物信息学分析和预测。同源性分析表明,CAS19的cepR核苷酸序列与Burkholderiacepacia LMG1222cepR基因的同源性为99％;cepR基因全长768bp,包含一个完整的231bp的开放阅读框架,编码239个氨基酸;该基因编码蛋白分子量为26．59kD,理论的等电点为5．55,含有一个LuxR型HTH结构域,在氨基酸残基的不同区域分布有酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点、蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点、酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点、N-肉豆蔻酰化位点和N-糖基化位点,还有一个明显的跨膜结构。本研究结果将为洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌嗜铁素合成相关研究提供调控基因信息和参考依据,并为其进一步开发和利用奠定基础。     

Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression of a cDNA coding Copper/Zinc superoxide dismutase from black porgy

A full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) clone encoding a putative copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) was amplified by a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based technique from cDNA synthesized from black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, mRNA. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this cDNA clone revealed that it comprised a complete open reading frame coding for 154 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence showed slightly higher identity (72.8-78.1%) with shark and swordfish Cu/Zn-SOD than with Cu/Zn-SOD from mammalian (68.1-70.7%) and plant (55.5-56.5%) sources. The residues required for coordinating copper and zinc are conserved as they are among all reported Cu/Zn-SOD sequences. The deduced amino acid sequence lacks mitochondria targeting sequence, which suggests that the black porgy cDNA clone encodes a cytosolic Cu/Zn-SOD. The coding region of Cu/Zn-SOD from black porgy was introduced into an expression vector, pET-20b(+), and transformed into Escherichia coli AD494(DE3)pLysS. A predominant achromatic zone was detected by activity staining of native PAGE. This indicates that the Cu/Zn-SOD cDNA clone can express active Cu/Zn-SOD enzyme in E. coli.     

草鱼胞浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶cDNA全长的克隆与分析

谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidases,GPXs,EC1.11.19)是生物体内抗氧化防御系统的重要组成部分。本文从草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)克隆到胞浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶基因(GPX1)cDNA全长序列。该序列全长890bp(GenBank accession No.EU828796),包括完全开放阅读框(ORF)576bp、5'非编码区(5'-UTR)17bp和3'-UTR297bp。其ORF编码191个氨基酸残基,包含一个由"UGA"(通常为终止密码子)编码的硒代半胱氨酸(selenocysteine,Sec40)残基,并与另2个残基(Glu75和Trp153)构成酶活性中心。同时,草鱼GPX1cDNA的3'-UTR中具有保守的硒代半胱氨酸插入序列(selenocysteine insertion sequence,SECIS)元件。氨基酸序列相似性比较显示,草鱼GPX1cDNA的推测氨基酸序列(GenBank accession No.ACF39780)与斑马鱼GPX1(GenBank accession No.NP_001007282)的相似性...     

甜高粱蔗糖合成酶基因（Susy2）的克隆及结构和功能分析

本研究以甘蔗蔗糖合成酶基因(susy2)cDNA序列为探针,对高粱EST数据库进行同源检索,将获得的4条与甘蔗相似性很高的EST序列进行拼接,后经基因组PCR、分子克隆和序列分析验证获得了甜高粱(sorghum bicofor)蔗糖合成酶基因DNA序列(Susy2,GenBank登录号为FJ513325).该序列全长4587 bp,起始密码子至终止密码子序列长4350 bp,包含一个2409 bp的开放读码框.该序列包含15个外显子和14个内含子,剪接方式都为GU/AG模式.Susy2编码的蛋白由802个氨基酸组成,分子量大小为91.7 kD,等电点pI为6.15.保守结构域分析表明,此蛋白含有一个475个氨基酸的GTI糖基化酶保守结构域(275～759),有4个ADP结合位点,能催化6-磷酸果糖和UDPG形成6-磷酸蔗糖.