4自由度冗余驱动并联机构运动学和工作空间分析

提出了能实现二维转动和二维移动的空间4-UPS-RPU4自由度冗余驱动并联机构,并对该机构进行了运动学和工作空间分析。4-UPS-RPU并联机构包含5条驱动分支,其中4条分支为UPS(虎克铰-移动副-球副)结构,1条分支为RPU(转动副-移动副-虎克铰)结构。建立了该机构的位置反解数学模型,推导出了该机构的速度雅可比矩阵和加速度分析表达式,求解了机构的位置反解、速度和加速度,并在此基础上分析该机构的工作空间。研究结果为4-UPS-RPU冗余驱动并联机构的实际应用提供了理论依据。     

4-UPS-RPS空间5自由度并联机构运动学分析

提出了能实现三维转动和二维移动的4-UPS-RPS空间5自由度并联机构,并对该机构进行了运动学分析。4-UPS-RPS并联机构包含5条分支,其中4条分支为U-P-S（虎克铰-移动副-球副）型结构,1条分支为R-P-S(转动副-移动副-球铰)型结构。建立了该机构的位置反解数学模型,推导出了该机构的速度雅可比矩阵和加速度分析表达式,求解了该机构的位置反解、速度和加速度,并采用ADAMS软件对机构的运动学进行模拟仿真,仿真结果表明理论分析结果完全正确,为该并联机构的实际应用奠定了理论依据。     

平面平台型6-PSS并联机构构型选择与参数优化

针对4种典型平面平台型6-PSS并联机构构型特点,研究了最优构型选择及其参数优化。建立平面平台型6-PSS并联机构的运动学模型,并进行ADAMS仿真验证;绘制不同构型下的平面平台型6-PSS并联机构的可达工作空间图和灵巧度分布图,求解工作空间体积V和全局灵巧度G_CI,经过对比分析,构型Ⅲ的可达工作空间范围、工作空间体积、灵巧度分布和全局灵巧度等性能指标均最优,确定构型Ⅲ为机构的最优构型;针对构型Ⅲ分析各结构参数对其工作空间和灵巧性的影响规律,结果表明,在一定的结构参数范围内,工作空间体积和全局灵巧度呈正相关;以工作空间体积V为目标函数进行优化,得到了最优结构参数,优化后工作空间体积V和全局灵巧度G_CI相比优化前均有明显提高,证明了优化模型的正确性和有效性,并对优化后的机构进行了误差分析,为平面平台型6-PSS并联机构设计提供了依据。     

5自由度空间并联机构运动学优化设计

定义了一种能综合评价不同位形下并联机构灵巧度的指标——平方平均灵巧度系数,分别考察了4-UPSRPS空间并联机构的定平台和动平台上铰链点的分布角、定平台铰链点分布圆的半径以及动平台铰链点分布圆的半径对平方平均灵巧度系数的影响规律,并据此对这些参数进行优化设计,得到该并联机构定平台铰链点的均布角为π/2,动平台铰链点的均布角为2π/5,定平台上第1个铰链点到定坐标系原点的距离为650 mm,定平台上其余4个铰链点分布圆的半径为800 mm,动平台上铰链点分布圆的半径为160 mm。仿真结果表明,经过优化设计,4-UPS-RPS空间并联机构的平方平均灵巧度系数指标比优化前明显增大,运动学性能得到了较大改善。     

空间3-PUS-UP并联机构运动灵巧性与刚度性能研究

以含中间支链的3自由度3-PUS-UP并联机构为研究对象,充分考虑驱动支链、串联约束支链及末端平台伴随运动的影响,利用封闭矢量法求解位置逆解,建立并联驱动部分的雅可比矩阵;采用D-H法建立中间UP串联约束支链的雅可比矩阵。结合驱动方程和约束方程的关系,构建了3-PUS-UP并联机构完整的雅可比矩阵,建立该机构的运动学模型,通过仿真验证了雅可比矩阵的正确性;引入运动灵巧性和机构刚度性能指标,并绘制运动灵巧性和机构刚度在工作空间中的分布图谱,研究机构的运动灵巧性和机构刚度在整个工作空间的分布情况,建立了该机构基于运动学灵巧性的最优工作区域。研究表明,该3-PUS-UP并联机构具有良好的运动灵巧性与刚度性能。     

空间转动3-SPS-S并联机构运动学性能分析

提出了将空间三维转动3-SPS-S并联机构作为隧道管片安装机器人的微调机构,对该机构进行了运动学性能分析。在建立机构运动学模型,求解机构的位置逆解及其雅可比矩阵基础上,建立了局部刚度、局部灵活度和驱动性能3项性能评价指标。结合具体应用对该机构进行了运动性能评价。分析结果表明该机构具有良好的运动性能,能满足工程需要。     

无耦合3自由度并联机构的设计与分析

提出了一种无耦合二移动一转动3自由度空间并联机构,分析了其位置和速度的正、逆解析解,讨论了机构的灵巧性.该机构的雅可比矩阵为3×3阶对角阵,在所允许的整个工作空间内不存在奇异位形.通过将机构第3条支路的主动P副用2个轴线平行的转动副替换,得到一种2T1R型并联机构.该机构的雅可比矩阵为3×3阶单位阵,且其行列式的值恒等于1,因此机构在整个工作空间内表现为无奇异完全各向同性.因而所提出机构具有良好的运动学性能.     

一种微型3—PSP并联机构的运动学、雅克比矩阵及运动奇异性分析

为实现在狭小空间内对激光光束角度进行快速、精准调节的目标,提出一种微型3—PSP空间三自由度并联机构。该并联机构共有三条运动支链,每条支链均有由一个S副和一个P副嵌套而成的混合副。首先应用封闭环矢量法建立并联机构运动学模型,并求得机构运动学逆解;然后根据并联机构的几何特性,求解运动学正解;最后对并联机构的速度和加速度进行分析,分别得到速度和加速度的雅克比矩阵,并在此基础上对机构运动的奇异性进行分析。     

基于Isight的3—UPS—S并联机器人机构多目标优化

综合考虑并联机器人机构工作空间、灵巧度、承载能力、刚度等多方面性能要求,以3—UPS—S型并联机构为例,基于Isight集成Matlab、Pro/E、ANSYS等软件,构建多目标优化设计基本流程,进行并联机构多目标尺度综合,建立一种并联机构多目标优化的方法。研究结果表明,该方法可以有效集成各领域工程软件进行组合试验设计与多目标优化,实现自动计算运动学和动力学性能指标、自动三维模型建立及有限元分析等步骤,得到Pareto图及Pareto前沿,决策者可根据优化信息选取合适的最优解。     

无寄生运动3-DOF 2T1R并联机构拓扑设计与分析

为充分研究少自由度并联机构所具备优势,拓宽其应用领域,设计并研究一种含冗余支链且无寄生运动三自由度两平移一转动（2T1R）并联机构,完成运动学和动力学分析。基于方位特征集（POC）的拓扑机构学理论方法,设计了一种含冗余支链且无寄生运动的两平移一转动并联机构,并进行拓扑分析,结果表明：该机构还具有部分运动解耦特性;根据基于拓扑特征运动学的建模方法,求得机构位置正反符号解;又基于位置反解分析了机构奇异性,基于位置正解给出了工作空间;基于虚功原理的序单开链法对机构进行动力学建模,求得了该机构移动副处的驱动力以及两个子运动链(SKC)连接处的支反力;概念设计了该机构的一种应用场景。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。