祖代种鸡场主要疫病监测与净化对策

为掌握祖代种鸡场主要疫病流行状况,提供制定种鸡疫病净化政策的科学依据,中国动物疫病预防控制中心对祖代以上(含曾祖代、原种)种鸡场开展了禽流感、禽白血病和鸡白痢等疫病的监测。通过明确监测病种、监测范围、监测数量和监测方法,经过持续5年的监测,摸清了我国祖代以上种鸡场禽流感和垂直传播疫病的感染情况,推动种鸡场开展禽流感和垂直传播疫病的监测净化。监测结果显示:当前我国祖代种鸡场禽流感抗体免疫合格率在95%以上。禽白血病病毒(ALV)p27抗原和ALV-J亚群抗体的个体阳性率在2%以下,ALV-A/B亚群抗体除2013和2014年较高之外,其他年份个体阳性率在2%左右。部分祖代种鸡场实现了禽白血病的净化,获得了净化示范场的认证。祖代蛋种鸡场鸡白痢抗体阳性率2011—2014年逐年下降,并一直保持较低水平(低于1%),但2015年有升高的趋势。在此基础上,对祖代种鸡场疫病净化状况持续跟踪,深入了解种鸡场疫病净化的动力及存在问题,提出对策建议,以期促进种源净化工作的深入开展。     

2015年我国父母代种鸡场主要疫病净化情况调查

为了解我国父母代种鸡场的养殖情况、开展疫病防控和净化的技术能力及面临的问题,中国动物疫病预防控制中心通过问卷调查的方式在全国19个省开展了规模化种鸡场主要疫病净化现状调查工作,共收到214个父母代种鸡场反馈的有效调查问卷。本文分析和汇总被调查场饲养管理、种源来源、疫病监测和疫病净化的各项信息,为研究我国父母代种鸡场疫病防控和净化的技术与措施提供基础数据。     

种禽场疫病监测与净化

正为掌握种禽场主要垂直传播性动物疫病流行状况,为制定种禽疫病净化政策提供科学依据,农业部自2011年起对全国祖代及以上种鸡场和4个国家级家禽基因库开展禽白血病、网状内皮组织增殖症、鸡白痢等主要垂直传播性疫病监测。迄今为止,种禽场疫病监测已持续5年,充分了解了种禽场垂直传播疫病的感染情况。自此基础上,中国动物疫病预防控制中心对祖代以上种鸡场疫病净化现状持续跟踪,深入了解种禽场疫病净化存在的问题和面临的困境,促进疫病净化工作深入开展。     

我国种鸡群鸡白痢沙门氏菌流行病学调查及防控建议

一 我国种鸡群鸡白痢血清学调查 国务院颁布的《国家中长期动物疫病防治规划（2012～2020年）》提出，2015年全国祖代以上种鸡场的鸡白痢沙门氏菌病达到净化标准，2020年全国所有种鸡场的鸡白痢沙门氏菌病达到净化标准。     

我国种鸡主要疫病净化现状和对策

种源的疫病净化是我国养鸡产业当前面临的重要问题。文章就禽类重要疫病对我国养鸡业的影响、我国种鸡场重要疫病流行概况、种鸡场疫病净化现状等进行分析,指出我国种鸡场疫病净化面临的问题,提出推动种鸡场疫病净化的对策与建议。     

烟台市3个父母代种鸡场禽白血病的净化实践

2019～2020年,烟台市动物疫病预防与控制中心以白羽肉鸡主要疫病净化示范区建设项目为抓手,指导全市祖代、父母代种鸡场积极开展了禽白血病的净化创建工作,从建立有效工作机制、健全生物安全体系、加强动物疫病官方监测、规范档案管理等四个方面入手,使辖区内3个父母代种鸡场顺利通过了省级禽白血病净化创建场的考核评估,为其他主要疫病净化实践提供了借鉴。     

种鸡场疫病流行特点及净化措施

目前养鸡业面临的最重要的问题就是种源的疫病净化,疫病的传播和流行对养鸡场的影响很大,本文分析了种鸡场疫病流行特点以及种鸡场疫病净化措施。     

山东省种鸡场养殖现状调查分析

《国家中长期动物疫病防治规划》(2012~2020年)将种禽场疫病净化列为重点工作之一。山东省是养禽大省,连续20余年养禽量居全国首位,山东省拥有多家祖代禽场。祖代禽场的疫病状况直接影响全省甚至全国父母代禽及商品代禽的健康状况,因此,山东省种禽场疫病净化尤其重要。为了进行种禽场疫病净化,课题组对山东省种鸡场养殖现状进行了调查,调查内容包括养殖现状、疫病监测、疫病防控以及对疫病净化的认识和开展情况等内容。     

广州地区种鸡场免疫程序调查及部分疫病抗体检测

广州地区种鸡场免疫程序调查及部分疫病抗体检测黄锦江蔡福玲谭丽屏张伟民（广州市兽医防疫检疫站广州为了解养鸡场防疫工作情况及疫病的抗体水平，我们对广州地区１８个种鸡场进行了调查，这些鸡场饲养祖代、父母代的肉、蛋鸡及珍禽，代表了广州地区养鸡业的水平。通过调...     

诸城外贸祖代种鸡场疫病净化经济效益

<正>通过对动物进行一系列疫病监测,如果发现带病或可疑带病动物,就要采取淘汰或培育健康动物等措施,从而实现动物疫病的净化。这种过程主要在特定的场群或区域中进行,能够实现源头控制,确保疫区和公共卫生安全。种用动物是畜禽养殖的最前端,影响面广、覆盖面大,因此如果种用动物携带病原,就容易引起疫病的大面积传播和远距离传播。因此,作为种源上游的祖代种鸡场,     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.