盐酸氯苯胍等4种抗球虫药物对林麝球虫的抑杀效果观察

球虫是危害林麝仔麝的一种肠道原虫,筛选有效的抑杀药物是防控圈养林麝球虫病的关键措施之一。对四川省某林麝养殖场内65只感染球虫的林麝使用盐酸氯苯胍片剂(20 mg/kg体重,1次/d,连喂3 d)、百球清(妥曲珠利)口服液(15 mg/kg体重,只喂1次)、地克珠利粉剂(1 mg/kg体重,连喂3 d)、球威(妥曲珠利可溶性粉剂,10 mg/kg体重,连喂3 d)进行抑杀试验。在投药前1天、投药后第7天和第14天采集粪样进行球虫卵囊数量测定,通过计算卵囊减少率评估其抑杀效果。结果表明:给药后7 d、14 d盐酸氯苯胍组的平均卵囊减少率分别为83.12%、80.56%;百球清组的平均卵囊减少率分别为69.16%、62.24%;地克珠利组的平均卵囊减少率分别为96.91%、74.91%;球威组的平均卵囊减少率分别为13.36%、84.68%。驱虫试验结果表明:盐酸氯苯胍和地克珠利对林麝球虫抑杀效果较好,而妥曲珠利(百球清、球威)对林麝球虫抑杀效果较差。     

原虫净可溶性粉防治鸡球虫病的试验

应用中草药复方制剂原虫净可溶性粉对鸡球虫病进行治疗试验，试验方法包括建立球虫病鸡模型，采用不同剂量组应用原虫净可溶性粉对试验的球虫病鸡进行口服投药，观察症状，剖检变化，检查虫卵，通过抗球虫指数分析该药对鸡球虫病的治疗效果，同时设地克珠利对照组。结果显示，原虫净可溶性粉以0．5g／L的剂量对鸡球虫病的治疗效果较好，治愈率达98％。治愈率不低于地克珠利药物组。原虫净可溶性粉对鸡球虫病有显著的疗效，是抗球虫病的理想药物。     

不同药物对獭兔球虫病的预防效果

为比较不同抗球虫药物对獭兔的治疗效果,选择400只胎次日龄相近、体重相似未感染球虫病的健康獭兔,随机分为4组,每组獭兔100只。将莫能菌素(20mg/kg)、盐霉素(36mg/kg)、氯苯胍(98mg/kg)、地克珠利(5mg/kg)分别添加到各组饲料中,饲喂60天。每周采集各组粪便测定球虫卵囊数量,记录因下痢死亡只数并检测盲肠内容物卵囊个数。结果显示:4组粪便中均未检测出球虫卵囊,死亡率分别为6.0%、3.0%、5.0%、8.0%,且内容物也未检测出球虫卵囊。结论:4种抗球虫药物均能预防球虫病的发生,其中盐霉素死亡率最低,效果最好。     

不同种类抗球虫药对常见鸡球虫效果的评价试验

比较 8种三类抗球虫药地克珠利、马杜霉素、克球粉、通扬球精、氯苯胍、中药复方 1组、中药复方 2组、中药复方 3组对石河子地区鸡场常见的柔嫩艾美耳球虫 6× 10 4 个感染量的作用效果。结果表明 ,以上 8种抗球虫药拌料饲喂组和感染不用药组对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的抗球虫指数 (ACI)分别为 188.6 5、176 .98、15 1.97、174 .6 2、14 8.83、187.0 8、16 9.90、178.6 5和 82 .5 3。表明地克珠利和中药复方 1组有较好的抗球虫效力 ,马杜霉素、通扬球精、中药复方 2组、中药复方 3组有中等程度的抗球虫效力 ,克球粉和氯苯胍抗球虫效力较弱。     

百球清和磺胺药对于自然感染的哺乳仔猪治疗效果对比

在球虫病的爆发比较严重的一个猪场,开展了百球清和一种磺胺二甲氧嘧啶钠与氨苄嘧啶的混合磺胺药物对球虫的治疗效果以及带来的利润的比较。选择了21窝仔猪。其中7窝在3日龄使用百球清,7窝在3,4,5日龄使用混合的磺胺啊药物,剩下的7窝做空白对照。在7,14,21,28日龄收集每窝的粪便镜检并记录球虫卵囊的数量且记录每天的腹泻情况。在3,7,28日龄称重,计算净增重,以及平均日增重。在28日龄时,通过比较不同处理组的净增重评价利润。在14,21,28日龄,使用百球清的哺乳仔猪群球虫卵囊排卵量减少,腹泻程度减轻,以及28日龄的净增重上比使用磺胺药物以及空白对照组要高。     

复方青蒿对兔球虫病的预防试验

目的:检测复方青蒿对兔球虫病的预防效果及对红细胞的影响.方法:将试验动物随机分为3组即,中药组、西药组、模型组,各组分别处理.通过临床用药观察记录统计实验兔的发病率、死亡率、粪便中球虫卵囊数、血液中红细胞数来加以对药物效果进行分析判断.结果:中药组、西药组抑制兔球虫卵囊产生,降低发病率、死亡率,促进兔生长作用显著优于模型组,而中药组与西药组之间无明显差异.结论:中药复方青蒿对兔球虫病有一定预防作用.     

复方抗球虫药临床效果观察

复方抗球虫药(妥曲珠利-马杜霉素铵溶液)是一种西药复方制剂,主要用于防治鸡球虫病。本试验主要研究复方抗球虫药临床抗球虫效果并进行推广。在临床上治疗经柔嫩艾美耳球虫南通株人工接种的AA肉仔鸡,结果表明,妥曲珠利-马杜霉素铵抗球虫指数大于180,属于高效抗球虫药物。在各剂量组鸡的粪便和盲肠中均没有检查到球虫卵囊,说明没有耐药的突变虫株。对鸡球虫病的防治效果显著优于马杜霉素铵预混剂和妥曲珠利溶液,对鸡球虫具有高效的防治作用。     

三种抗球虫药对小肠球虫的临床疗效试验

本文旨在研究球宁1号、球威和球立宁3种抗球虫药对临床分离到的小肠球虫的疗效。试验鸡称重并随机分组,用药组和感染不用药组分别经口接种小肠球虫混合卵囊1.0×105个,各组分别饲喂含相应抗球虫药5.0×10-4的饲料,观察临床症状。收集感染后5～7d的粪便计数球虫卵囊,感染后第8d称重并剖杀鸡只观察病变,计算相对增重率、存活率、病变值、卵囊值和抗球虫指数(ACI)和ROP值。各组存活率均为100%,球宁1号组、球威组和球立宁组的相对增重率分别为89.77%、61.99%和85.09%;ACI分别为175、102、165;ROP值分别为3.9%、75.7%和35.4%。在10万个小肠球虫混合卵囊感染的情况下,5.0×10-4球宁1号和球立宁的抗球虫效力达到了中等效果,球宁1号的效力优于球立宁,5.0×10-4的球威抗球虫无效,球宁1号无抗药性,而球立宁和球威已有抗药性。     

癸氧喹酯和托曲珠利治疗性预防犊牛球虫病的动态效果评价

为了探讨托曲珠利和癸氧喹酯对犊牛球虫病治疗性预防的效果,根据用药前所测球虫感染情况,将未使用抗球虫药物治疗且体重无差异的72头3月龄犊牛分为癸氧喹酯组、托曲珠利组和对照组。分别在用药后第0、7、14、21、28、35、42、49、56、84、112、196天监测并分析犊牛粪便中球虫卵囊数量变化和犊牛体重变化。结果表明：癸氧喹酯组、托曲珠利组中犊牛球虫卵囊排出率和排出量均显著低于对照组犊牛球虫。癸氧喹酯组犊牛在连续用药后19 d无卵囊排出;托曲珠利组犊牛7～28 d内卵囊排出率为4.17%,28～49 d内卵囊排出率为8.33%。癸氧喹酯连用30 d后药物持效期为19 d,托曲珠利单次用药后药物持效期为49 d。药物治疗组的犊牛平均体重的增长速度均显著高于对照组（p<0.05）,托曲珠利组犊牛体重相较于癸氧喹酯组犊牛体重无差异（p>0.05）。说明托曲珠利和癸氧喹酯药物均能有效治疗性预防犊牛球虫病,其中癸氧喹酯药物治疗性预防的周期为19 d,托曲珠利药物治疗性预防的周期为49 d。     

鸡球虫病防治药物的合理使用和药效评价

采用人工接种孢子化球虫卵囊的方法感染鸡球虫病,分别用抗球虫指数（ACI）法和治疗效果来评价克迪球和绿必达预防和治疗鸡球虫病的药效。结果表明,克迪球的ACI值大于200,能完全预防鸡人工感染球虫卵囊下球虫病发生,并显著提高增重率;绿必达作为预防用药无预防作用;但用作治疗使用时,治愈率100％,治疗效果优异。结果提示,对鸡球虫病防治药物的药效评价不能仅用ACI值法,而应进行综合评定。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.