膜下滴灌技术在新疆的开发与应用

重点分析了膜下滴灌节水、增效、洗盐的机理。阐述了膜下滴灌技术在新疆的开发和应用前景，并提出了目前在推广与运用中存在的问题及应对策略。     

新疆小麦滴灌技术的应用与存在问题

麦田滴灌技术是对密植作物灌溉的一次改革,由于增产节水效果显著,其种植面积不断扩大,成为新疆小麦节水技术重点推广项目之一。对新疆小麦滴灌技术应用现状、发展优势、生产效益作了概述,并介绍了小麦滴灌栽培技术要点。同时,针对麦田滴灌技术应用存在的问题,提出解决途径,为加快新疆滴灌小麦技术推广应用提供指导。     

地面节水灌溉技术初探

就地面节水灌溉技术进行详细的研究和分析,对地面节水灌溉技术的特点做了详细论述,在此基础上从温室滴灌、果园滴灌、大田滴灌三个方面详细探讨了滴灌节水技术的方法和技术要求、系统配套设备以及应用.     

大田滴灌用网式过滤器滤网堵塞成因分析

过滤器是滴灌系统中最核心的设备,其中网式过滤器以其良好的过滤性能保障了滴灌系统的正常运行,在我国新疆等西北地区农业滴灌系统中应用最广泛。但其应用过程中也存在滤网清洗不彻底以及堵塞的问题,为此,在对网式过滤器滤网堵塞成因及机理进行全面论述基础上,分别从水源水质、不同滤网类型、反清洗设计问题以及水肥一体化对滤网的化学影响等方面对滤网堵塞成因进行了详细的分析,并提出相应对策;这为今后深入研究滤网堵塞机理、解决滤网堵塞问题提供一种思路,为进一步研制更适用西北地区的农业滴灌过滤设备提供理论依据。     

地埋式高效节水滴灌技术在甘蔗全程机械化生产中的应用

蔗地地埋式滴灌技术是指在甘蔗种植的同时,在种植机械上加装铺管机构,将滴灌管铺设在地表层下20~30cm、离甘蔗蔸约25cm地下的高效机械化节水滴灌技术。本文阐述了柳州市农机局与广西思源现代农业公司在桂中农场万亩甘蔗"双高"基地成功应用的地理式滴灌技术,总结了地埋式滴灌在甘蔗生产中应用的优点,提出了地埋式滴灌系统的设计、应用及注意事项。     

滴灌灌水器流道设计理论研究若干问题的综述

灌水器是滴灌系统最关键的部件之一,其结构与水力性能的优劣对滴灌系统的灌水均匀性、抗堵塞能力以及寿命影响很大。在简要论述国内外滴灌灌水器流道发展现状的基础上,从灌水器流量压力关系、流道内流体流动机理、流道堵塞与防治三个方面详细阐述了灌水器流道设计理论的研究进展,最后提出了滴灌灌水器流道的发展趋势以及国内在灌水器流道设计理论研究中急需解决的问题。     

滴灌灌水器流道堵塞及防治研究进展

滴灌的堵塞问题一直是困扰滴灌技术应用与发展的限制性因素,为了探索解决或者预防该问题的技术途径,从堵塞的成因、机理以及预防措施等方面进行了论述,提出了预防灌水器堵塞的基本措施,包括改进灌水器流道结构、强化水质处理以及严格过程管理。在此基础上,对今后的重点研究方向提出了若干建议。     

膜下滴灌技术及其发展趋势分析

分析了膜下滴灌技术在我国农业节水灌溉中的应用.着重分析了膜下滴灌技术的特点;重点探讨了国内外对膜下滴灌技术研究的最新动态及未来发展趋势;提出了膜下滴灌技术存在的不足以及理论及技术研究的方向,展望了膜下滴灌技术未来发展前景.     

地下滴灌技术及其应用

地下滴灌技术是微灌技术的典型应用形式,被公认为最有发展前途的高效节水灌溉技术之一。通过对滴灌技术的发展历史和现状进行分析,详细阐述滴灌技术在农业生产中的应用技术和设计方法,指出滴灌技术具有节水、增产等优点,对农业可持续发展具有重要意义。     

地下滴灌技术及其应用

地下滴灌技术是微灌技术的典型应用形式,被公认为最有发展前途的高效节水灌溉技术之一.通过对滴灌技术的发展历史和现状进行分析,详细阐述滴灌技术在农业生产中的应用技术和设计方法,指出滴灌技术具有节水、增产等优点,对农业可持续发展具有重要意义.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。