小杂果(杏、李)苗木繁育技术

根据多年的育苗经验，对小杂果(杏、李)的嫁接育苗技术作了简要的总结与介绍。     

宛西地区发展小杂果的优势与对策

目前,在林果业发展徘徊不前的情况下,发展小杂果高效经济林不仅可以极大地丰富水果市场,还能从根本上改变宛西地区农村经济结构,对富县富民具有重要意义。一、发展小杂果的优势1.自然条件优越。宛西地区地处亚热带向暖温带过渡地带,气候温和,光照充足,雨量充     

我省吹响经济林产业发展集结号

今年年初，省政府以2号文件出台了关于加快推进核桃等干杂果经济林产业发展的意见，明确我省核桃等干杂果经济林产业发展的方向。为了贯彻省政府决策部署，我省将2010年定为“经济林产业发展年”，并在3月初召开了全省干杂果经济林建设科技示范现场会，吹响了经济林产业发展的集结号。     

加快干杂果经济林基地建设

铜川市近几年结合县域经济发展，突出抓好干杂果经济林建设，初步形成各具特色的区域化干杂果经济林新格局。据调查，截止2002年底，全市发展干杂果经济林面积37万亩，树种主要以核桃、花椒、柿子等为主，其中已挂果面积9万亩，年产量413万公斤，年产值2972．3万元，销售总收入2351．1万元。2003年，全市各     

丹江口出现首个参与式扶贫村

湖北省丹江口市从2002年起，在30个重点贫困村开始实施参与式扶贫，该市土关垭镇杜家湾村成为该市第一个参与式扶贫试点村。春节刚过，市扶贫办的工作人员就来到杜家湾村，与百余户村民代表聚集在一棵古树下，共同商议该村存在的困难和扶贫开发的途径。杜家湾村现有631人，165户，地处公路沿线，但存在着人多田少，山多地少的限制因素，其经济来源仅靠薄地和一点经济作物。在市扶贫办工作人员的启发下，村民代表讨论得十分热烈。有人建议利用杜家湾山大地少的特点大力发展小杂果。有人却反对：“发展小杂果没水浇灌会干死，应先维修后山坝。…     

赣榆县果树生产存在的问题及解决对策

据2001年5月调查，赣榆县果树实有面积5 873hm2，果品产量22万T。其中：苹果、梨面积1 527hm2，板栗、白果、山楂、核桃等面积2 673hm2，桃、李、杏、柿、大樱桃、葡萄、石榴、枣子、草莓及其它杂果1 713hm2。果树生产已步入规模化发展，生产形势很好，苹果面积稳中有增，板栗生产方兴未艾，杂果生产独占螯头，尤其是杂果的发展,已成为江苏省苏北地区名优杂果生产的基地。全县先后引进19个树种近200个新品种，通过山区开发和小流域治理，无论在基地建设、品种布局、发展规模、标准化管理等方面,都取得了显著的成绩。问题及原因一是高产典…     

干杂果经济林成了致富的“金钥匙”——咸阳市推进干杂果经济林建设纪实

今春,咸阳市新建干杂果经济林20.51万亩,栽植核桃、枣树、柿子、石榴、樱桃、葡萄、猕猴桃等杂果经济林苗木409.8万株。礼泉县昭陵乡肖山村近几年依靠发展石榴过上好日子，     

榆林沙区经济林发展现状及前景

本文针对榆林沙区经济林的现状及有利的环境气候条件，提出榆林沙区发展经济林的前景是广阔的，并针对发展中存在的问题提出合理化的建议，即在沙区环境得到明显改善的基础上，合理调整产业结构，大力发展小杂果，生产优质品种、优质果实，走规模化生产道路。     

浅谈陕北优势杂果资源及开发利用

陕北杂果资源丰富,特色鲜明,市场前景广阔.本文介绍了陕北主要优势杂果的资源分布、生产现状以及存在问题,提出了陕北优势杂果资源的开发利用途径.     

关于加快陕西干杂果经济林产业发展的思考

我省生产干杂果产品有着悠久的历史和传统,发展干杂果业的地域、自然、文化优势得天独厚。近年来,我省各级林业部门坚持＂利益驱动、市场带动、政策调动、行政推动、科技促动、投资拉动＂,以干杂果经济林建设为主的种植业发展迅速,已成为全国重要的干杂果生产基地。     

笋竹两用毛竹林经营管理技术探讨

以宁化国有林场毛竹林基地为研究对象,经过6年的抚育管理,竹林从立竹量小、年龄结构不合理、平均胸径小、立竹粗度差异大、立竹在林中分布不均逐步成为笋竹两用丰产林的林分结构,总结出笋竹两用毛竹林最重要的经营管理措施是劈山除杂、垦复、施肥、调整年龄结构和防治病虫害。     

花椒微波烘干效果试验研究

为给鲜花椒微波烘干效果的研究和花椒微波烘干机的研制奠定基础,分别利用小型平板层式微波炉及自制大型微波炉对鲜花椒进行了间断式和连续式烘干试验。试验结果表明:无论采用旋转式微波炉还是平板层式微波炉,烘干时间均随鲜花椒投料量的增加而延长,干燥后花椒香味降低;填料约700 g,以小型旋转式微波炉和平板层式微波炉烘干所用时间分别约为44、62 min,前者的烘干效率比后者提高20.48%;鲜花椒在旋转式微波炉中水分蒸散过程表现为抛物线型,在烘干过程中花椒种子集中脱出,烘干效率高,但其在平板层式微波炉中水分蒸散过程呈缓慢降低的斜线型,种子在烘干过程的最后阶段才脱出,烘干效率低;以自制大型微波炉烘干,填料3.45 kg,最佳加热上限温度和运行温度分别为55℃和41～50℃,加热—除湿循环中加热8 min、除湿90 s,烘干时间为45 min,较以小型平板层式微波炉烘干所用时间缩短29%。研究结果还表明:以微波炉烘干鲜花椒,可极大地缩短鲜花椒的干燥时间;以自制大型微波炉烘干鲜花椒,最大填料量约8 kg,可以满足农户对小批量鲜花椒的烘干要求。     

不同产地‘澳洲青苹’果实形态及品质特征的比较分析

为了掌握不同产地‘澳洲青苹’的果实形态及品质特征,从而为‘澳洲青苹’生态区划研究奠定基础,分别从11个产地采集了‘澳洲青苹’果实样品,并就其横径、纵径、果形指数、单果质量、硬度、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、糖酸比、维生素C含量和出汁率等形态与品质指标进行了测定与差异性分析。结果表明:不同产地‘澳洲青苹’的果实形态和品质特征间均存在一定的差异,其中,果实横径、纵径和果形指数间的差异均相对较小,各产地‘澳洲青苹’的果形指数普遍在0.8~0.9之间,其果实接近于圆形或近圆形;而其单果质量和果肉硬度间的差异均较大,其中,单果质量以辽宁绥中产地的为最大(221.0 g);果肉硬度和果实中可溶性固形物的含量,均以甘肃清水县产地的为最高,分别为10.8 kg·cm-2和12.95%;可滴定酸含量,宁夏银川产地的最高(0.9%),山东栖霞市产地的最低(0.63%);VC含量,甘肃清水县产地的最高(达157.1 mg·g-1),陕西眉县产地的最低(115.1 mg·g-1);各产地的‘澳洲青苹’其出汁率间的差异相对较小,其出汁率在68.9%~76.8%之间。     

辽东山区不同森林类型土壤改良效益分析

辽宁东部山区是辽宁省浑河、太子河等主要河流的发源地和集水区,为辽宁省中南部工农业生产和人民生活用水提供保障。通过对该地区柞树林、杂木林、落叶松林、红松林、油松林等5种主要森林类型的林下枯落物层积累、土壤的物理化学性质等方面进行比较分析,研究结果表明:阔叶林在土壤改良、涵养水源方面较针叶林好,因此,在辽东山区营林时应多营建阔叶林或针阔混交林。     

Fruits from shade trees in coffee: how important are they?

Agroforestry systems often receive attention and support in the literature for what is perceived as the benefits from multiple products associated with the trees that create the “forest” component of the setting. A comparison of small coffee growers’ use of fruits derived from the coffee agroforestry holding in Guatemala and Peru reveals that significant differences exist between these groups—not merely in the importance of the fruits themselves, but in the ways they are used. The overall importance of fruits from the coffee system accounts for a relatively small portion of the total value coming from the coffee area (about 10%), but the consumption and sales of the various products do generate needed income or sustenance for most farmers. The fate of fruits shows significant differences between the two countries. Whether at the farm level or on a per hectare basis, Guatemalan coffee farmers are more linked into a market economy and sell significantly more fruits than Peruvian farmers. The opposite is the case when on-farm consumption (use value) of the fruits is compared. While the potential value of these products may be quite large (from 95 to95 to 270/ha), we find that little gets consumed or sold, resulting in tremendous loss of potential benefits that could flow from these sources. Both groups lose more fruits than are sold or used, with Guatemalans foregoing more than three times the dollar value per hectare than Peruvians (151/ha vs.151/ha vs. 44/ha). Data about the economic context within which these growers and the fruits from coffee are found reveal possible reasons as to why we see the differences in use and exchange values realized in the two countries.     

低产毛竹林改造技术的调查研究

对福建省低产毛竹林的改造技术进行调查，结果表明；不同类型的低产毛竹林应采取不同的改造技术措施，深翻改土是残败型毛竹林改造的关键措施；劈山清杂、加强垦复抚育管理和适当增施肥料是荒芜型低产毛竹林改造的重要措施，而调整竹林的年龄结构则是提高低产竹林产量和质量的根本途径。     

竹碎料板生产技术

竹碎料板是以竹质碎料为主要原料,施加一定量的胶粘剂,经成型、热压而制成的竹质人造板材。发展竹碎料板生产是工业性开发利用杂竹资源的有效途径之一,也可利用竹材加工剩余物以提高竹材综合利用率。本文介绍竹碎料板生产的主要工艺流程及工艺要点。     

油茶炭疽病菌潜伏越冬场所、菌态及菌量研究

通过对越冬叶片和枝条上病斑表面分生孢子数量检测,越冬叶片、幼果、花托、枝条及病僵果的分离培养检测,结果表明:油茶炭疽病菌主要是以菌丝的形态在花托和幼果内潜伏越冬,成为初侵染源,但病斑表面分生孢子数量稀少,成为初侵染源可能性极小。     

小径杂竹制造重组竹的试验研究

针对我国大量的小径杂竹资源未得到充分利用的现状，通过试验研究和技术、资源、经济效益及应用方向的综合分析，探讨了用小径杂竹制造重组竹的可行性，为小径杂竹的高效利用开辟了一条新的途径。研究结果表明：只要采用合适的生产工艺，用小径杂竹完全可以生产具有较高物理力学性能的重组竹板材；用小径杂竹制造重组竹具有良好的市场前景。     

Domestication potential of Marula (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sclerocarya birrea</Emphasis> subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">caffra</Emphasis>) in South Africa and Namibia: 3. Multiple trait selection

An understanding of the inter-relationships between the traits characterising tree-to-tree variation in fruits and kernels is fundamental to the development of selected cultivars based on multiple trait selection. Using data from previously characterised marula (Sclerocarya birrea) trees in Bushbuckridge, South Africa and North Central Region of Namibia, this study examines the relationships between the different traits (fruit pulp, flesh/juice mass, and nut shell and kernel mass) as a means to determine the opportunities to develop cultivars. Strong and highly significant relationships were found between fruit mass and pulp mass in trees from South Africa and Namibia, indicating that size is a good predictor of fruit pulp production. However, fruit size is not a good predictor of nut or kernel production, as there were weak relationships between fruit and nut and/or kernel mass, which varied between sites and landuses. Generally, the relationships between fruit mass and kernel mass were weaker than between fruit mass and nut mass. Relationships between kernel mass and shell mass were generally weak. The lack of strong relationships between fruit and kernel mass does, however, imply that there are opportunities to identify trees with either big fruits/small nuts for pulp production, or trees with large kernels in relatively small fruits for kernel oil production. However, within fruits from the same tree, nuts could contain 0–4 kernels, indicating that even in trees with an inherent propensity for large kernels, improved pollination may be required to maximise kernel mass through an increase in kernel number. Finally, the relationships between percentage kernel oil content and the measured morphological traits were also very weak. The conclusions of these results are that there is merit in identifying different combinations of traits for the selection of trees producing either pulp or kernels. Consequently, fruit and kernel ‘ideotypes’ are presented as guides to the selection of elite trees for cultivar development. These results have important implications for the domestication of the species as a producer of fruits or kernels for food/beverages or cosmetic oils.