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《农业科学学报》2017,(1)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI) contamination via wild birds and rodents poses a threat to food security and safety.As chicken meat comprises an increasing proportion of diet in China,it is useful to determine whether broiler farmers are adopting wild bird and rodent controls to minimize the risk of HPAI impacts on food supply.Our study surveyed a cross sectional sample of 331 Chinese broiler farmers in six provinces.We find that only 47% of farmers(mainly farmers with large herds) adopted control measures against wild birds and rodents,while 14% adopted no measures.Farm size was the biggest driver of adoption followed by proportion of farm revenue derived from broiler production.However,southern farmers were at a far greater probability of non-adoption.We suggest that assistance in the form of education/training programs and subsidized traps or baiting controls across smaller producers could help raise of the adoption level toward more effective HPAI control. 相似文献
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Emergence of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza in Democratic People's Republic of Korea
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LIU Li-ling YANG Huan-liang GUO Fu-sheng WANG Xiu-rong DENG Guo-hua SHI Jian-zhong TIAN Guo-bin ZENG Xian-ying 《农业科学学报》2022,21(5):1534-1538
In the past decade, there has been extensive global surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection in both animals and humans, however, few studies on epidemiology of avian influenza in Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) were published. During the period 2013–2014, HPAI H5N1 viruses were detected with outbreaks in domestic poultry in DPRK. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the hemagglutinin gene of all samples belonged to clade 2.3.2.1c with high homology. The HPAI H5N1 virus found in ducks at the Tudan Duck Farm in 2013 was might introduced by migratory birds and then led to the outbreaks on neighboring chicken farms in 2014. These data provide direct evidence for the transmission of avian influenza viruses from wild birds to waterfowl to terrestrial birds. Therefore, the monitoring and control of influenza virus in ducks must be given top priority, which are essential components to prevent and control HPAI. 相似文献
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高致病性禽流感不仅对我国的养殖业造成了严重的经济损失,而且对人类健康造成了威胁。在对禽流感的防控中,我国取得了很大的成绩,但由于高致病性禽流感的不断发生,再加上野禽高致病性禽流感的严重污染,而我国又包含候鸟迁徒的三条主要路线,几乎覆盖了我国的全部领域,野乌污染高致病性禽流感的事实,这些情况决定了当前禽流流感的防控形势依然严峻,为了将防控工作做的更好,本文从区域性禽流感参考实验室的建设、加快BSL-3实验室的验收、加强基础研究、正确认识病毒抗原变异等方面提出了一些观点,以期能够对禽流感彻底防控起到抛砖引玉的作用。 相似文献
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LI Jing WANG Jing-fei WU Chun-yan YANG Yan-tao JI Zeng-tao WANG Hong-bin 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2007,6(7):877-881
To evaluate the risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in mainland China, a risk assessment framework was built. Risk factors were determined by analyzing the epidemic data using the brainstorming method; the analytic hierarchy process was designed to weigh risk factors, and the integrated multicriteria analysis was used to evaluate the final result. The completed framework included the risk factor system, data standards for risk factors, weights of risk factors, and integrated assessment methods. This risk assessment framework can be used to quantitatively analyze the outbreak and spread of HPAI in mainland China. 相似文献
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气候变化特别是全球气温上升对鸟类产生了显著的影响.该领域已经成为生态学、动物学和保护生物学等方面的研究热点之一.我国在气候变化对鸟类的影响方面已经开展了一些研究.根据野生鸟类受气候变化影响的最新研究成果,综述了气候变化对于野生鸟类分布、繁殖生态以及种群动态等方面的影响.结果表明:在气候变化的背景下,鸟类的地理分布范围向高纬度地区移动,繁殖期过程中产卵期提前,并且种群数量逐渐减小.文章还探讨了近几年在该领域内的主要研究方法,大多数以建立模型进行预测评估为主.最后,结合国内外的研究经验和我国鸟类资源的实际情况,建议今后重点关注气候变化对鸟类的影响,并建立长期有效的监测体系. 相似文献
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以河北旅游学院的南校区为案例,以景观生态学的的斑块—廊道—本底的模型探讨有利于保护鸟类等野生动物的绿化设计措施,认为通过整合琐碎的斑块,延长、加密、加宽林带,形成有效节点,补植浆果、坚果等鸟类喜食的树种,有利于为鸟类等野生动物提供栖息地和庇护所。 相似文献
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圈养野生动物疾病与气象因子的相关性及其预测 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对1975~1998年间的北京动物园野生动物发病率进行统计,分析了兽类、禽类及其各系统发病率的月份、季度、年际变化特点,并与同期北京地区的气温等13项气象资料进行结合分析,讨论了每季度发病率与同期、前期气象因子的关系,在此基础上利用逐步回归分析,建立各月预报方程,经F检验,效果良好。 相似文献
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扎龙湿地11种野生和笼养鸟带菌状况的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
应用生化编码微量鉴定系统,对黑龙江扎龙自然保护区湿地11种野生和笼养鸟类共178个个体的口咽部分泌物,泄殖腔内容物及新鲜粪便中肠杆菌科,孤菌科细菌和非发酏革兰氏阴性杆菌的带菌的状部进行了研究,其分离鉴定出25种细菌,分属5科14属,研究发现不同类群的鸟类带菌状况存在的差异,同种鸟类在不同的生活状态下也存在着差异,食种子雀形目鸟类大肠杆菌的带菌率极低。 相似文献
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Songtao YANG Yuwei GAO Jun QIAN Quan LIU Xuexing ZHENG Hualei WANG Zhiping XIA Xianzhu XIA 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2014,1(2):96
Zoonoses are a significant public health concern and cause considerable socioeconomic problems globally. The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), and Ebola virus disease (EVD) has had a significant effect on the national economy and public health in China, and other countries. This review analyzed zoonotic disease issues faced by China, and the main factors contributing to the risk of zoonotic disease. The Chinese government has devised new strategies and has taken measures to deal with the challenges of these diseases, and the prevention and control of zoonoses at their source. A strategy that is suited to China’s national conditions, is proposed. 相似文献
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Vaccination for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been implemented in China for a decade, however, the virus is still present in poultry. A series of recombinant vaccines, Re-1 to Re-7, have been developed and used, and Re-8 will also be used in clinical settings to prevent the prevailing flu strains. The question remains, when can China eradicate the disease? Here, we review the epidemiology of H5 HPAI along with the development, usage and problems of vaccines. Further suggestions for controlling the disease in China are provided. 相似文献
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安徽清凉峰国家级自然保护区鸟兽生物多样性调查 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
[目的]了解安徽清凉峰国家级自然保护区鸟兽生物多样性状况。[方法]2015年12月至2016年3月,利用红外相机技术对安徽清凉峰国家级自然保护区进行鸟兽生物多样性调查。[结果]鉴定出鸟兽6目11科15种(兽类9种,鸟类6种),其中白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti)、黑麂(Muntiacus crinifrons)为国家I级重点保护动物,白鹇(Lophura nythemera)、勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)、鬣羚(Capricornis milneedwardsii)为国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物。相对丰富度指数较高的兽类依次为北社鼠(Niviventer confucianus)、华南兔(Lepus sinensis)、小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)等;相对丰富度指数较高的鸟类依次为白鹇(L.nythemera)、大山雀(Parus major)、勺鸡(P.macrolopha)等。核心区红外相机所拍摄的物种数显著多于缓冲区。[结论]研究可为进一步开展长期监测工作和野生动物资源保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
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【目的】探讨H9N2亚型流感病毒在野鸟中的存在与传播,为广西流感疫情动态监测和防控及人流感预防监测提供重要依据。【方法】采集广西野鸟肺脏组织,将病料接种于9~11日龄SPF鸡胚尿囊腔进行分离培养,血清学试验鉴定HA和NA亚型,并克隆扩增其HA和NA基因。【结果】该分离株能被H9亚型阳性血清抑制,神经氨酸酶抑制(NI)试验结果将其鉴定为N2亚型,判断该病毒属于H9N2亚型流感病毒,命名为A/wildbird/Guangxi/H2/07,对HA和NA基因进行序列分析,发现与流感病毒H9亚型和N2亚型同源性最高,分别达到82.4%~99.0%和83.1%~99.9%。【结论】H9N2亚型流感病毒已在广西野鸟中存在,该结论为广西流感疫情动态监测和防控提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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为了给机场管理部门制定长期的、靶向性的、动态的鸟击防范对策提供理论依据,通过对合肥新桥国际机场开展一整年的鸟类调查(2021年1月—12月,共记录鸟类22698只),发现鸟类17目49科171种,选取鸟类的体重、集群、数量、飞行高度和活动时间5种鸟击影响因子为评价指标,使用风险矩阵法评价不同鸟种的鸟击风险,划分了高、中、低3个鸟击风险等级及相应风险接受准则。评价结果表明:在机场活动的这些鸟类中,可导致高风险鸟击的有10种、中风险的有15种,其余的146种为低风险。将评价结果与机场2014—2021年间发生的、已知肇事鸟种的179起鸟击事件进行对比,显示评价为高风险的10种鸟,年均鸟击次数为1起·种-1,导致过3起鸟击征候;中风险的15种鸟则为0.4起·种-1,导致过1起鸟击征候;低风险的146种鸟低至0.04起·种-1,未导致过鸟击征候。说明本研究采用的风险矩阵法及选取的评价指标适用于合肥新桥国际机场的鸟击风险评价。评价结果为合肥新桥国际机场的鸟击防范工作提供了必需的基础数据。 相似文献