共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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对外来入侵植物五爪金龙[Ipomoea cairica(L.)Sweet]在福州市的分布与为害状况进行了较为系统的调查,结果表明五爪金龙分布广泛,人为引种是导致五爪金龙扩散的重要原因;五爪金龙在局部地区发生为害严重,主要通过人为引种逸到野外造成为害。通过对3个不同自然生境的五爪金龙进行了生长调查,结果发现在具有灌木与乔木组成的梯式层次结构的生境、阳光充足的情况下,五爪金龙生长迅速并可造成严重为害。对五爪金龙进行了为期1年半的生活史及生长特性的系统观察,结果表明五爪金龙在福州冬季没有明显的越冬现象,在极端低温下叶片可发生严重冻害,但其茎仍具有生长力。 相似文献
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五爪金龙[Ipomoea cairica(L.) Sweet]现已在我国南方地区广泛分布,是一种恶性的重要入侵杂草。本文从五爪金龙的生物学及生态学特性、化感作用及防治等方面的研究进展进行了综述。同时,针对目前研究中存在的不足,探讨了五爪金龙的研究发展方向。 相似文献
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采用种子萌发试验法在室内测定了外来入侵植物五爪金龙提取物对水稻和小麦种子萌发的影响。结果表明,在浓度为2.5-20mg/ml范围内,五爪金龙提取物对小麦种子的发芽有明显的抑制作用,但对水稻种子的发芽没有影响。对水稻和小麦幼苗根生长有明显的抑制作用,处理后根数量减少,鲜重降低。五爪金龙提取物各浓度对小麦芽生长有明显的抑制作用,但对水稻芽的生长没有影响。对小麦和水稻发芽过程中的α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶和总淀粉酶活性均有抑制作用,浓度为20mg/ml时,对小麦和水稻总淀粉酶活性的抑制率分别为56.20%和37.03%。 相似文献
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介绍几种棕榈科植物主要病虫害种类及防治(下) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
二、几种棕榈科植物的主要虫害1、沁茸毒娥(Dasychiramendosahubner)该虫分布于台湾、广西、广东、福建、云南、四川等地,主要为害假槟榔。雌蛾体长19毫米,翅展45毫米。头和胸部暗褐色,腹部浅褐色。前翅大,半黄、白色,沿前缘有黑褐色宽带,外线黑褐色,波浪丛。后翅棕灰色,基半色淡。雄蛾体长15毫米,翅展32毫米。体 棕色。前翅棕色,亚基线向内弯曲,亚基线以外有一白色区域,斑纹暗褐色,内线,外线和亚端线波浪状。后翅灰白色,外线浅棕色,幼虫体长约35毫米。头部红色,胸、腹部黑色,散生灰白色斑。前胸两侧和第八腹节各有一… 相似文献
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介绍几种棕榈科植物主要病虫害种类及防治(上)史国强(福建省热带作物研究所,漳州363001)棕榈科植物树干挺拔,姿态雅致,枝叶婆婆可爱,是热带、亚热带地区优美的绿荫树及观赏植物,已成为园林绿化中必不可少的树种.近几年来,棕榈科植物的种植面积在我国南方... 相似文献
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茉莉叶螟(Nausinoe geometralis Guenee)属鳞翅目螟蛾,是茉莉的重要害虫之一,以幼虫食茉莉的叶、花蕾、小枝及新梢。大量发生时整丛叶枯黄脱落,小枝皮层被食后枯死,严重影响茉莉的生长和花蕾发育;苗被害后大量死亡。 相似文献
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茉莉花腐病是由真菌引起的,在福建各地茉莉花产区均有发生。该病迄今未见报道,主要为害茉莉花蕾,引起茉莉花蕾腐烂,影响茉莉花产量和品质。 相似文献
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芒果的主要病害有炭疽病、白粉病、细菌黑斑病等,主要虫害有扁喙叶蝉、横线尾夜蛾、叶瘿蛟等。做好芒果病害和虫害等方面的防治工作尤为重要。阐述了芒果的主要病害、虫害及其相应的防治方法,为提高芒果的产量和质量奠定基础。 相似文献
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广西芒果病虫害发生情况和防治现状调查与分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为准确了解当前广西芒果病虫害的防治现状及存在的问题,本研究通过网络平台、会议交流、实地调查等形式进行调研并统计分析,以期为芒果病虫害的绿色防控提供基础数据。广西芒果产区经营方式主要以家庭农场经营为主,占70.83%;种植品种主要包括‘台农’、‘桂7’、‘金煌’、‘热农1号’、‘贵妃’、‘桂10’和‘金兴’等,且71.58%的果园同时种有2个或2个以上品种。总体上芒果病害的发生为害程度较虫害严重,以芒果细菌性黑斑病和炭疽病最为严重。芒果病虫害使用最普遍的防治方法为施用化学药剂,且98.95%的种植户单次用药选择2种或2种以上混配使用,其中单次选用2~3种药剂混配的占55.32%。对于选择药剂的方式,不同种植年限的种植户不同,总体上,44.34%的种植户依靠自己经验或邻居介绍,36.79%依靠农药店推荐,18.87%按农技人员指导用药。药剂成本的投入在200~1000元/667 m 2不等,但是药剂投入与产量并没有成正比关系。 相似文献
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对盘锦地区水稻病虫害的发生、发展特点及防治情况作了较系统的分析,并就病、虫害防治的未来发展趋势提出了较科学的论断。通过论述,便于对盘锦地区水稻病虫害的发生及防治情况加以全面掌握,为植保工作提供一定帮助。 相似文献
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Yongzhuo Chen Hui Pan Jing Li Deng Pan Pengcheng Liu Haoyuan Hu 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2022,22(1)
The sterile insect technique has been explored in the laboratory to control populations of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), a globally invasive pest. We studied the reproductive behavior of D. suzukii including mating frequency, time between matings, and mating duration among non-irradiated flies. Irradiation doses were tested at 0, 60, 90, 110, 120, 150, and 180 Gy to select the optimal dose for producing sterile males. In addition, we examined the effects of mating sequence on offspring production where females were presented with irradiated males first and then wild males, or the reverse. Female D. suzukii were found to mate twice on average through their lifespan, with 16.53 ± 12.05 d between matings. The first mating duration was 24.64 ± 1.52 min shorter than the second mating. A dose of 90 Gy was suitable where irradiated males lived as long as non-irradiated males, and few eggs hatched from matings. The mating sequence experiment revealed first-male parentage preference. Wild females that mated with a wild male and then irradiated male produced more offspring than females mated with an irradiated and then wild male. Overall, the influence of mating sequence should be taken into consideration when applying the sterile insect technique (SIT) to control D. suzukii populations. 相似文献
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Over the course of 4 years, five sets of trials were run in celery and potato crops to evaluate the efficacy of a field-scale vacuum (FSV) unit for use in insect pest management. The unit was designed to dislodge insects by blowing air from lateral vents onto the plants while simultaneously vacuuming from above. Efficacy was evaluated by field observations, yellow sticky traps and hand vacuum sampling before and after the FSV. All insects evaluated were effectively removed by the vacuum unit; typically, population reductions of 50–75% were achieved with whiteflies, leafhoppers, and aphids. In some trials, reductions were achieved that lasted from week to week. Additionally, agromyzid leafminers were significantly reduced in number, but population reductions were temporary because of their strong flying ability. 相似文献