Physiological and Biochemical Changes of IrlVHA-c gene Transgenic Tobacco Seedlings and Self-crossed Progeny Under NaHCO3 Stress

In order to study the alkali resistivity of VHA-c in Iris lacteal. (IrlVHA-c), the transgenic tobacco seedlings harboring IrlVHA-c gene from Iris lactea (T0), the self-crossed progeny (T1), and the non-transgenic lines of tobacco seedlings were grown in Hoagland nutrient solutions supplemented with 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mmol·L-1 NaHCO3 . The MDA content, CAT, POD and SOD activity, electrical conductivity, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, proline content and polyphenol oxidase activity of the seedlings were determined. The results showed that the transgenic lines of tobacco maintained a high activity up to 200 mmol·L-1 NaHCO3 , and activity was slightly lower at 300 mmol·L-1 NaHCO3 . When the concentration of NaHCO3 was as high as 400 mmol·L-1 the seedlings were badly hurt. In addition, the activity of T0 and T1 transgentic tobacoo was maintained more or less. While the non-transgenic lines of tobacco could maintain viably up to 100 mmol·L-1 NaHCO3 , and they could not survive at 400 mmol·L-1 NaHCO3 . The conclusion was drawn that the alkali resistance of the tobacoo transformed IrlVHA-c was noticeably improved.     

Overexpression of a Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase Gene,OsAPX2, Increases Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Alfalfa

Alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） is an important forage crop in the world and it is of great signiifcance for the improvement of its salt tolerance. To improve salt tolerance in alfalfa, a rice ascorbate peroxidase gene （OsAPX2） was introduced into alfalfa using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with marker gene bar. The different T-DNA insertions in T1 transgenic alfalfa were identiifed by Southern hybridization. Three independent T2 transgenic lines were selected for stress analysis and the results showed that all of them were salt tolerant compared with wild-type plants. The transgenic plants had low levels of H2O2, malondialdehyde and relative electrical conductivity under salt and drought stresses. Moreover, the contents of chlorophyll and proline, and APX activity were high in transgenic plants under salt and drought stresses. Taken together, the overexpression of OsAPX2 enhances salt tolerance in alfalfa through scavenging reactive oxygen species.     

Transformation of TrxS Gene into Barley by Particle Bombardment

The production of malting barley in China can＇t meet the demand of beer industries because of poor quality and it becomes a bottleneck problem in beer manufacture industry. In this paper, TrxS gene cloned from Phalaris coerulescens was transferred into barley cultivar Yupi 1 （YP1） via biolistic bombardment. 1206 immature embryos were bombarded and seven transgenic plants carrying TrxS gene were confirmed by PCR and PCR-Southern blotting analysis. TrxS gene was expressed in transgenic plants by RT-PCR analysis. The activity of Trxh and α-amylase of transgenic line were higher than that of non-transgenic line, which is helpful to improve malting quality of barley.     

Breeding of Selectable Marker-Free Transgenic Rice Lines Containing AP1 Gene with Enhanced Disease Resistance

In order to obtain marker-free transgenic rice with improved disease resistance, the AP1 gene of Capsicum annuum and hygromycin-resistance gene （HPT） were cloned into the two separate T-DNA regions of the binary vector pSB130, respectively, and introduced into the calli derived from the immature seeds of two elite japonica rice varieties, Guangling Xiangjing and Wuxiangjing 9, mediated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Many cotransgenic rice lines containing both the AP1 gene and the marker gene were regenerated and the integration of both transgenes in the transgenic rice plants was confirmed by either PCR or Southern blotting technique. Several selectable marker-free transgenic rice plants were subsequently obtained from the progeny of the cotransformants, and confirmed by both PCR and Southern blotting analysis. These transgenic rice lines were tested in the field and their resistance to disease was carefully investigated, the results showed that after inoculation the resistance to either bacterial blight or sheath blight of the selected transgenic lines was improved when compared with those of wild type.     

Growth and physiological responses of four kiwifruit genotypes to salt stress and resistance evaluation

In this study,four genotypes(Acva-1,Acva-2,Acva-3 and ZM-2) of Actinidia germplasm resources were grown in different NaCl concentrations(0,0.4,0.8 and 1.2 g L–1).The growth,physiological and biochemical indicators were measured,and a graded scale was developed as the salt damage index(SDI) according to different damage symptoms in leaves.The results showed SDI increased gradually,and average number and length of new shoot decreased significantly.Three antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and catalase) and two osmotic adjustment substances(soluble sugar and proline) showed different changes in old and new leaves of four genotypes.SPAD values exhibited a decreased trend in the whole except in the new leaves of Acva-2.Malonaldehyde contents increased and root activity decreased with the increasing salt concentrations.Principal component analysis was used to assess the salt tolerance,and the results showed Acva-3,from Actinidia valvata Dunn.,had the strongest tolerance to salt,and could be a potential resistant resource to the salt-tolerance dedicated rootstock breeding of kiwifruit.     

番茄内生细菌的分离及其促生活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the growth-promoting activities of endophytic bacteria from tomato plants.[Method]The endophytic bacteria isolated from different tissues of tomato plants were analyzed for the effects of their growth-promoting activities on the germination and growth of tomato plants.The bacteria with growth-promoting activity were preliminarily identified.[Result]Totally 59 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from roots and stems of tomatoes,of which 4 showed significantly growth-promoting activity to germination and growth of tomato.The results suggest that these strains are endowed with the potential capability of growth-promoting.[Conclusion]The endophytic bacteria with growth-promoting activity were found among the isolates from tomato plants.This provided a good foundation for utilization of these bacteria with growth-promoting activity.     

番茄内生细菌的分离及其促生活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the growth-promoting activities of endophytic bacteria from tomato plants.[Method]The endophytic bacteria isolated from different tissues of tomato plants were analyzed for the effects of their growth-promoting activities on the germination and growth of tomato plants.The bacteria with growth-promoting activity were preliminarily identified.[Result]Totally 59 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from roots and stems of tomatoes,of which 4 showed significantly growth-promoting activity to germination and growth of tomato.The results suggest that these strains are endowed with the potential capability of growth-promoting.[Conclusion]The endophytic bacteria with growth-promoting activity were found among the isolates from tomato plants.This provided a good foundation for utilization of these bacteria with growth-promoting activity.     

Effects of Low Temperature on Physiological Responses of Two White Clover Cultivars

In order to explore the effects of low temperature on the two different genotypes of white clover, electrical conductivity(EC), soluble sugar, malondialdehyde(MDA) and some other physiological indexes of plants were compared under laboratory conditions. Seedlings of Longping No.1 and Koala were undergone a series of degrading temperatures set in turn 25℃, 10℃, 5℃, 0℃, –5℃ and –10℃. The results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), electrical conductivity, soluble sugar, free proline and MDA increased obviously with the decrease of stress temperature, while the content of starch decreased, and the content of soluble protein increased first and then decreased during the process. Comprehensive assessments on physiological responses to low temperature stress indicated that the cultivar Longping No.1 had stronger cold resistance than that of cultivar Koala.     

NaCl胁迫对转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因美丽胡枝子生理的影响

[目的]为探讨外源基因的导入对植物渗透调节的影响。[方法]以同时培育的美丽胡枝子盆栽苗为材料,测定在不同浓度（0、0．5％、1．0％、2．0％）NaCl溶液处理下转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因（BADH）植株及非转基因植株的部分生理指标。[结果]在未进行NaCl溶液处理时,转BADH的美丽胡枝子与非转基因植株的脯氨酸、甜菜碱、可溶性糖、丙二醛含量及SOD活性均不存在明显差异。随着盐浓度的增大,转BADH植株在积累甜菜碱、脯氨酸、可溶性糖能力方面明显强于非转基因植株,且转基因的不同株系之间也存在一定差异;各类植株的SOD活性随盐胁迫强度的增大均有所增强,但转基因植株与非转基因植株之间差异不显著,此外,转BADH的美丽胡枝子与非转基因植株相比,可明显抑制丙二醛在体内的快速积累。[结论]外源基因BADH的导入可提高美丽胡枝子植株在盐胁迫下的渗透调节能力,且不同转基因株系表现不同。     

盐胁迫对转SacB、BADH基因的美丽胡枝子部分逆境生理指标的影响

为了探讨盐胁迫下外源基因对植物渗透调节的影响,以同时培育的转入果聚糖蔗糖转移酶（SacB）基因、转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶（BADH）基因及未转基因的美丽胡枝子盆栽苗为材料,研究不同浓度(0、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%)NaCl处理对3种试验材料的耐盐性及盐胁迫下的脯氨酸、甜菜碱、可溶性糖、丙二醛含量、过氧化物歧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:在未进行盐胁迫时,3种试材的这几项指标含量没有明显差异,但随着盐胁迫强度的增加,两种转基因的美丽胡枝子在积累脯氨酸、可溶性糖能力方面明显强于非转基因植株,转入BADH基因的美丽胡枝子在积累甜菜碱上要强于非转基因植株及转入SacB基因的植株;尽管在盐胁迫强度增大的情况下,3种植株的过氧化物歧化酶活性增强了,但两种转基因植株的过氧化物歧化酶活性并没有明显大于非转基因植株;两种转基因植株可明显抑制丙二醛在植物体内的快速积累。      

盐胁迫对转SacB、BADH基因的美丽胡枝子部分逆境生理指标的影响

为了探讨盐胁迫下外源基因对植物渗透调节的影响,以同时培育的转入果聚糖蔗糖转移酶(SacB)基因、转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)基因及未转基因的美丽胡枝子盆栽苗为材料,研究不同浓度(0、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%)NaCl处理对3种试验材料的耐盐性及盐胁迫下的脯氨酸、甜菜碱、可溶性糖、丙二醛含量、过氧化物歧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:在未进行盐胁迫时,3种试材的这几项指标含量没有明显差异,但随着盐胁迫强度的增加,两种转基因的美丽胡枝子在积累脯氨酸、可溶性糖能力方面明显强于非转基因植株,转入BADH基因的美丽胡枝子在积累甜菜碱上要强于非转基因植株及转入SacB基因的植株;尽管在盐胁迫强度增大的情况下,3种植株的过氧化物歧化酶活性增强了,但两种转基因植株的过氧化物歧化酶活性并没有明显大于非转基因植株;两种转基因植株可明显抑制丙二醛在植物体内的快速积累。     

外源钙对NaCl胁迫下西瓜幼苗生长的缓解效应研究

[目的]阐明外源钙对NaCl胁迫下西瓜幼苗生长的缓解效应.[方法]在向培养西瓜幼苗的营养液中添加100 mmol/L NaCl模拟盐胁迫的同时,添加CaSO4使Ca2+浓度分别达到4、6、10和14 mmol/L.处理10天后对西瓜幼苗的生长和生理指标进行测定,包括株高、茎粗、单株叶片数、植株最大叶的叶长和叶宽、鲜重、干重、丙二醛(MDA)含量、质膜相对透性、抗坏血酸(AsA)含量、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量等.[结果]100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫显著抑制了西瓜幼苗的生长,使叶片质膜透性、MDA含量显著增加,脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和抗坏血酸含量也不同程度增加;外源CaSO4可影响NaCl胁迫下幼苗的生长和生理指标,并有明显的浓度效应,其中6 mmol/L Ca2+处理显著促进了NaCl胁迫下幼苗的生长,使叶片质膜透性、MDA含量显著降低,脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和抗坏血酸含量显著增加.[结论]外源CaSO4可通过增强抗氧化能力和渗透调节能力,减轻胁迫造成的膜脂过氧化伤害,缓解NaCl胁迫对西瓜幼苗生长的抑制,且以6 mmol/L Ca2+处理的缓解效果最好.     

重金属结合蛋白基因hmbp在转基因拟南芥中的功能分析

[目的]分析重金属结合蛋白基因hmbp在转基因拟南芥中的功能。[方法]利用PCR方法从抗辐射奇异球菌(Deinococcus radiodurans)中克隆hmbp基因,并用沾花法转入拟南芥,用氯化镉处理得到的阳性植株后,检测转基因植株中的丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、叶绿素含量、相对电导率及SOD、POD活性。[结果]与野生型相比,镉处理后的转基因拟南芥中脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量及SOD、POD活性增加较多,丙二醛含量增加较少,叶绿素含量减少较少。[结论]研究表明hmbp转基因拟南芥对镉具有很高的抗逆性。     

施加外源葡萄糖对甜菜响应盐胁迫的影响

[目的]揭示不同浓度葡萄糖在植物与盐胁迫环境相互作用过程中的生物学功能。[方法]以甜菜(Beta vulgaris)幼苗为研究对象,研究在正常条件、盐胁迫条件和施加不同浓度可溶性糖条件下,甜菜幼苗的生物量、光合效应和渗透调节及体内代谢产物的变化。[结果]施加一定量的外源可溶性葡萄糖,可以减缓盐胁迫下甜菜幼苗生物量的下降趋势,增强甜菜幼苗的光合作用和渗透调节能力。当外源葡萄糖的浓度为100 mmol/L时,减缓盐胁迫对甜菜幼苗生物量的影响程度的效果最大,对叶绿素的保护作用最明显,可溶性糖含量增加最明显,但脯氨酸、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的最佳抗逆胁迫点在50 mmol/L时。[结论]施加一定量的外源可溶性葡萄糖可以减缓甜菜幼苗的盐胁迫效应。     

外源甜菜碱对NaCl胁迫下大豆苗期生理指标的影响

以大豆品种‘浙春3号’为试验材料,研究了在NaCl胁迫下,施加外源甜菜碱对大豆苗期的光合色素、脯氨酸、丙二醛、可溶性糖、相对电导率以及根系活力等生理指标的影响.结果显示,施加外源甜菜碱显著增加了叶片光合色素和可溶性糖的含量,减少了脯氨酸、丙二醛的积累,降低了叶片的相对电导率,增强了豆苗的根系活力,说明施加外源甜菜碱可以提高植株叶片的光合活性,增强大豆幼苗的渗透调节能力,缓解NaCl胁迫引起的伤害,进而提高大豆的耐盐性.     

Screening of Drought-tolerant Brassica napus L. Varieties and Analysis on Their Physiologic and Biochemical Variations under Drought Stress

[目的]筛选甘蓝型油菜耐旱种质资源,并分析其干旱胁追下生理生化变化。[方法]以40个不同甘蓝型油菜品种（系）为材料,采用PEG-6000模拟生理干旱胁迫和盆栽极限干旱胁迫等方法进行耐旱种质资源的筛选,并对干旱胁追下叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性的变化进行了研究。[结果]筛选鉴定出一批耐旱性甘蓝型油菜品种：YAU200908、湘油15号、YAU200903、YAU200907、YAU200906、YAU200904。生理生化分析表明,在干旱胁迫下。油菜叶片中叶绿素、类胡萝卜素的含量随干旱程度的加剧而降低,脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、MDA的含量及SOD、CAT、POD的酶活性则随着干旱程度的加剧丽升高。[结论]在抗旱性强的材料中,其类胡萝卜素的含量显著地减少。脯氨酸、可溶性糖、MDA的含量及SOD、CAT的酶活性显著增加,可作为油菜抗旱性鉴定的生理生化指标。     

CaCl_2对盐胁迫下大豆幼苗渗透调节物质含量的影响

[目的]为土壤盐渍化地区的大豆种植提供合理化建议,提高大豆产量。[方法]采用盆栽法培养大豆,分析10、15和20 mmol/L外源CaCl_2对150 mmol/L Na Cl胁迫下大豆幼苗渗透调节物质含量的影响。[结果]三叶期大豆幼苗施加150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫后,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量与空白对照组相比均显著升高(P0.05),而脯氨酸含量显著下降(P0.05);喷施10 mmol/L CaCl_2处理组与盐对照组相比,可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量显著升高(P0.05),可溶性蛋白含量显著下降(P0.05);喷施15 mmol/L CaCl_2处理组与盐对照组相比,3种渗透调节物质含量均升高,其中可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量升高显著(P0.05),可溶性蛋白含量升高不显著(P0.05);喷施20 mmol/L CaCl_2处理组与盐对照组相比,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量降低,但未达到显著水平(P0.05),而脯氨酸含量显著升高(P0.05)。[结论]综合分析外源CaCl_2对盐胁迫下大豆幼苗渗透调节物质含量的影响表明,15 mmol/L CaCl_2的缓解效果最好。     

干旱胁迫下甜菜碱对梨树生理指标的影响

以3年生盆栽新高梨苗为试材,研究了干旱胁迫下喷施甜菜碱对其生理指标的影响。结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,与对照相比,叶面喷施外源甜菜碱对干旱胁迫过程中新高梨叶片中脯氨酸和可溶性糖积累效果不显著,但提高了新高梨叶片SOD活性,并降低了MDA的含量及细胞质膜透性,提高了新高梨的抗旱性。