两种化合物联合诱导黄瓜的抗性效应及田间防治试验

用草酸钾和硫酸亚铁两种化合物联合诱导,可使黄瓜同时产生对霜霉病和白粉病的抗性效应.但不同组合方式的诱导所产生的抗性效应明显不同.其中两种化合物分别诱导的抗性效应最低;混合诱导的抗性效应较高;相继诱导的抗性效应最高.田间试验表明,先喷有效浓度60 mmol/L的草酸钾诱导物,间隔3 d再喷有效浓度20 mmol/L的硫酸亚铁诱导物,10 d后以同样顺序进行第2轮相继诱导,对霜霉病的防治效果达82.73%,显著高于70%代森锰锌WP 800倍液的防治效果;对白粉病的防治效果达78.64%,接近50%多菌灵WP 800倍液的防治效果.     

黄瓜对炭疽病诱导抗性的初步研究Ⅱ.诱导抗病机制的研究

 黄瓜植株经柑桔炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)诱导处理后,体内过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酚、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性均比对照植株有显著增强。过氧化物酶同功酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳(PAGE)表明,经诱导处理后同功酶酶带增多,着色也加深。酚类物质和木质素含量在诱导处理后也明显提高。     

亲和病原菌诱导黄瓜组织结构抗病性机制

炭疽病菌预先接种黄瓜可以诱导其产生对褐斑病的抗性.经炭疽病菌(1.0×106个孢子/mL)诱导48h后,黄瓜对褐斑病的抗性最大可达97.83%.在同种马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基中培养,这两种病原菌的竞争力差异显著,黄瓜炭疽病菌能够获得更多的营养物质,生长旺盛,而褐斑病菌的生长则受到严重抑制.经苯胺兰染色发现,炭疽病菌诱导后黄瓜叶片中胼胝质的积累量显著增加.此外,黄瓜炭疽病菌与褐斑病菌的侵染方式存在一定的差异,前者可以通过气孔或直接穿透细胞壁侵入寄主.而后者只能通过直接穿透细胞壁侵入寄主.     

2，2，2-三氟乙基苯并[1，2，3]噻二唑-7-甲酸酯对黄瓜霜霉病的诱导抗病性研究

为明确2,2,2-三氟乙基苯并[1,2,3]噻二唑-7-甲酸酯(以下简称TBTC)对蔬菜病害的诱导抗病效果,以黄瓜霜霉病Pseudoperonospora cubensis为研究对象,进行了该化合物在盆栽及田间小区条件下的诱导抗病效果(以下简称诱抗效果)试验。结果表明：供试化合物对黄瓜霜霉病具有较好的诱抗活性,其中,盆栽试验中250 mg/L的处理的诱抗效果为77.50%±1.79%,相应对照诱导抗病剂苯并噻二唑（BTH）的诱抗效果是71.72%±2.58%, 对照杀菌剂50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂500 mg/L处理的防效为71.46%±3.01%;两年的田间试验结果显示,供试化合物250mg/L的处理对霜霉病的最高诱抗效果达到83.94%±2.09%,而BTH的诱抗效果是69.41%±1.79%, 50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂250mg/L的防效是85.90%±2.35%,表明TBTC在田间能够诱导黄瓜产生对霜霉病的诱抗效果。     

BTH诱导黄瓜对霜霉病的抗性

 由黄瓜霜霉病菌(Pseudoperonospora cubensis)引起的病害是黄瓜生产上的主要病害,利用化学药剂是当前我国菜农的主要防病措施。而频繁使用化学杀菌剂,不仅易使病菌产生抗药性,且影响环境安全和人体健康。     

外源茉莉酸甲酯诱导小麦抗条锈病的研究

 本文探讨了不同浓度茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)对小麦抗病性的诱导作用,同时电镜观察了不同浓度MeJA对小麦条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici)与寄主细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明,2.00 mmol·L^-1 MeJA对小麦条锈病的诱导抗性效果最好,可达到35.87%,而0.50 mmol·L^-1 MeJA在小麦条锈菌夏孢子开始萌发4 h时呈显著抑制作用。经外源MeJA处理后,条锈菌的胞间菌丝、吸器母细胞和吸器的发育明显受到抑制,其中侵染位点的叶肉细胞呈抗性症状。因此,MeJA可使小麦幼苗产生诱导抗性从而提高其抗病性。     

碱性果胶酶诱导黄瓜抗病机理的初步研究

以克劳氏芽孢杆菌(Bacillus clausii)S-4碱性果胶酶诱导黄瓜黄化苗,研究了该激发子对黄瓜生理生化特性的影响,来探究碱性果胶酶诱导黄瓜抗病的机理。结果表明,黄瓜黄化苗经碱性果胶酶诱导后,过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性上升,可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量升高,丙二醛和游离脯氨酸含量下降,活性氧自由基产生速率受到抑制。可见,克劳氏芽孢杆菌S-4碱性果胶酶诱导黄瓜抗病作用与植物体内多种防御相关物质的诱导密切相关。     

Digital image analysis to measure lesion area of cucumber anthracnose by Colletotrichum orbiculare

A method was developed using scanned computer images and software programs to measure the lesion area on leaves with cucumber anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare. After cucumber plants were inoculated with various concentrations of conidia, lesions on diseased leaves were scanned, manipulated with Adobe Photoshop 6.0, and measured using the blob analysis feature in Matrox Inspector 2.2. The method requires relatively low-cost equipment including a scanner, a personal computer, and two programs: Adobe Photoshop 6.0 and Matrox Inspector 2.2. Because stored images are used, the lesion area can be measured as time permits. Processing the images requires about 3 min per sample. The image assessment accurately detected anthracnose lesions on cucumber leaves and could be applied to other foliar necrotic or spot diseases.     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌LJ02对黄瓜抗灰霉病菌的生防效果及其诱导抗性机理的初步研究

 为了解生防解淀粉芽孢杆菌LJ02诱导黄瓜抗灰霉病菌的防治效果和作用机制,分别测量了LJ02的发酵上清液和菌体悬浮液的诱导持效期、最适使用浓度以及最佳施用方法,并采用荧光定量PCR的方法法测定了LJ02诱导处理后黄瓜根部和叶部组织中分别表达PR1a蛋白、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶、过氧化物酶的抗性基因PR-1、PR-2、PR-3、PR-9的相对表达量。结果表明,LJ02诱导黄瓜抗灰霉病菌的持效期在7 d左右,且原液与100倍稀释液效果最好,灌根施用效果最佳。LJ02发酵上清液可诱导PR-1、PR-3、PR-9的表达,LJ02菌体悬浮液可诱导PR-1、PR-2、PR-3的表达。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌LJ02对黄瓜抗灰霉病菌的生防效果及其诱导抗性机理的初步研究

 为了解生防解淀粉芽孢杆菌LJ02诱导黄瓜抗灰霉病菌的防治效果和作用机制,分别测量了LJ02的发酵上清液和菌体悬浮液的诱导持效期、最适使用浓度以及最佳施用方法,并采用荧光定量PCR的方法法测定了LJ02诱导处理后黄瓜根部和叶部组织中分别表达PR1a蛋白、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶、过氧化物酶的抗性基因PR-1、PR-2、PR-3、PR-9的相对表达量。结果表明,LJ02诱导黄瓜抗灰霉病菌的持效期在7 d左右,且原液与100倍稀释液效果最好,灌根施用效果最佳。LJ02发酵上清液可诱导PR-1、PR-3、PR-9的表达,LJ02菌体悬浮液可诱导PR-1、PR-2、PR-3的表达。     

Role of iron in rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance of cucumber

ABSTRACT Seed treatment with the rhizosphere bacterium Serratia marcescens strain 90-166 suppressed anthracnose of cucumber, caused by Colleto-trichum orbiculare, through induced systemic resistance (ISR). When the iron concentration of a planting mix was decreased by addition of an iron chelator, suppression of cucumber anthracnose by strain 90-166 was significantly improved. Strain 90-166 produced 465 +/- 70 mg/liter of catechol siderophore, as determined by the Rioux assay in deferrated King's medium B. The hypothesis that a catechol siderophore produced by strain 90-166 may be responsible for induction of systemic resistance by this strain was tested by evaluating disease suppression by a mini-Tn5-phoA mutant deficient in siderophore production. Sequence analysis of genomic DNA flanking the mini-Tn5-phoA insertion identified the target gene as entA, which encodes an enzyme in the catechol siderophore biosynthetic pathways of several bacteria. Severity of anthracnose of cucumbers treated with the entA mutant was not significantly different (P = 0.05) from the control, whereas plants treated with wild-type 90-166 had significantly less disease (P = 0.05) than the control. Total (internal and external) population sizes of 90-166 and the entA mutant on roots did not differ significantly (P = 0.05) at any sample time, whereas internal population sizes of the entA mutant were significantly lower (P = 0.05) than those of the wild-type strain at two sampling times. These data suggest that catechol siderophore biosynthesis genes in Serratia marcescens 90-166 are associated with ISR but that this role may be indirect via a reduction in internal root populations.     

Suppression of induced resistance in cucumber through disruption of the flavonoid pathway

ABSTRACT In this study, cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) expressing induced resistance against powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera xanthii) were infiltrated with inhibitors of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), and chalcone synthase (CHS) to evaluate the role of flavonoid phytoalexin production in induced disease resistance. Light and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated ultrastructural changes in inhibited plants, and biochemical analyses determined levels of CHS and beta-glucosidase enzyme activity and 4CL protein accumulation. Our results showed that elicited plants displayed a high level of induced resistance. In contrast, down regulation of CHS, a key enzyme of the flavonoid pathway, resulted in nearly complete suppression of induced resistance, and microscopy confirmed the development of healthy fungal haustoria within these plants. Inhibition of 4CL ligase, an enzyme largely responsible for channeling phenylpropanoid metabolites into the lignin pathway, had little effect on induced disease resistance. Biochemical analyses revealed similar levels of 4CL protein accumulation for all treatments, suggesting no alterations of nontargeted functions within inhibited plants. Collectively, the results of this study support the idea that induced resistance in cucumber is largely correlated with rapid de novo biosynthesis of flavonoid phytoalexin compounds.