半红树植物水黄皮发芽试验

对水黄皮(Pongamia pinnata)种子去皮沙播、未去皮沙播、去皮泥沙播、未去皮泥沙播四种处理的发芽情况及水黄皮种子发芽临界含水率进行研究。结果表明:去皮有利于显著提高水黄皮种子发芽率和发芽势;去皮泥沙播的发芽率和发芽势均为最优,是宜采用的生产方法;水黄皮种子发芽临界含水率测定表明,种子含水率为14.05%～47.19%时,适宜发芽,发芽率为83.33%～96.67%,含水率为6.97%～11.69%时,发芽率显著下降,为13.33%,低于4.61%时,则停止发芽。     

半红树植物水黄皮幼苗耐盐性的研究

温室内对半红树植物水黄皮幼苗进行7个盐度(5、8、11、14、17、20、23 g.kg-1)的胁迫处理,对各处理下水黄皮生长量、生物量、生理指标和光合速率进行测定,结合10项生长信息指标进行主成分分析。结果表明:水黄皮的苗高增量、地径增量、叶片数增量、根、径、叶干重及总生物量随着盐度的上升均呈下降趋势,在盐度为5和8 g.kg-1的处理下保持较高值,盐度超过11 g.kg-1后骤降;光合速率在盐度为5、8、11 g.kg-1处理下保持较高值,最大值出现在盐度为8 g.kg-1的处理下;SOD活性、游离脯氨酸、质膜透性和丙二醛均有随盐度增大而呈上升趋势;在盐度为5、8 g.kg-1处理下主成分得分较高,水黄皮较适生长,盐度超过11 g.kg-1后不适生长。     

水黄皮苗期生长特性和育苗技术研究

为增加沿海造林树种,丰富沿海防护林种质资源,引进台湾防护林树种水黄皮种子并在惠安赤湖林场苗圃育苗。通过对水黄皮物候和苗期生长特性的观测,研究了水黄皮苗木年生长规律和生长期,结果表明:水黄皮播种后,苗木高、径生长过程表现为慢—快—慢的节律;6—10月为高、径的快速生长期,生长量分别为全年生长量的34%和50.74%。同时提出了水黄皮的育苗技术。     

4种杀菌剂对香蕉叶斑病的田间防治效果

选用42%戊唑·百菌清悬浮剂、25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油、20%烯肟·戊唑醇悬浮剂和48%苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂共4种新型及复配型杀菌剂,对香蕉叶斑病(香蕉褐缘灰斑病、香蕉灰纹病和香蕉煤纹病)进行田间防治效果试验。结果表明,新型杀菌剂25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油对3种叶斑病的防效均表现最好,4次施药后15 d的防效为55.12%~70.10%;其次是42%戊唑·百菌清悬浮剂,48%苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂和20%烯肟·戊唑醇悬浮剂的防效相对较差,不推荐使用。     

水黄皮的引种栽培技术试验

水黄皮(Pongamia pinnata(L.)Merr.),别名水流豆、九重吹、臭腥子、鸟树,蝶形花科常绿乔木,原产于广东和南海、广西、台湾,印度、日本、马来西亚、新几内亚、波利尼西亚群岛、澳大利亚、马斯卡群岛等地也有分布。本树种树冠开阔,枝叶密茂,树姿优美,洁雅,     

乱砍滥伐林木的成因及防止对策

近年来,一些单位和个人受经济利益的驱使,乱砍滥伐林木案件时有发生,尤其是在木材价格回升,木材经营放开以后,发案率明显提高,致使森林植被遭到破坏、林政资源管理工作面临严重威胁。因此在当前和今后相当长一段时间内,加强林木采伐和流通渠道的管理,有效地保护森林资源,仍然是各级林业主管部门和森林公安机关的重要任务。[第一段]     

林木种衣剂适宜杀虫剂、杀菌剂及用量的研究

通对林木种衣剂适宜杀虫剂、杀菌剂及其用量的试验,选择出吡虫啉作为林木种衣剂中的杀虫剂,浓度为1％～3％的吡虫啉对樟子松、兴安落叶松、红皮云杉、沙棘等林木种子的发芽率无显著影响,2％的浓度较适宜;选用恶霉灵与五氯硝基苯组合,可有效防除土壤中引致苗木立枯病的主要致病菌——丝核菌、腐霉菌和镰刀菌。恶霉灵的浓度应控制在7％以内;浓度为5％～30％的五氯硝基苯对林木种子的发芽率无显著影响,可根据种衣剂的其他理化指标确定其用量。     

浅析林区建筑物墙体裂缝的产生及防止

本文阐述了林区建筑物墙体裂缝产生的重要原因有温度、地基、材料等;在设计施工中应采取具体措施。     

植物组织培养中污染产生的原因及防止措施

污染是植物组织培养中的常见问题,给科研和生产造成了不同程度的损失,影响了科研和生产的发展。如何采取有效措施防止污染,把污染降到最低是当前需要解决的问题。该文对植物组织培养中污染发生的原因和防止措施进行了论述。     

枣锈病菌的室内抑菌试验及杀菌剂筛选

在实验室用含药培养基法观测21种杀菌剂对枣锈病病原菌的抑制作用。蓝代、银果、世杰、竹醋酸、库力班、使百克、甲基托布津、叶冠秀8种杀菌剂对枣锈病病原菌的抑制作用最好,必备对菌丝也具有较强的抑制效果。     

The severity and cause of leaf spot disease of Pongamia pinnata L. and fungicidal control of the pathogen

A survey on the symptom and severity of the leaf spot disease of Pongamia pinnata L. was conducted in the nurseries of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong （IFESCU）, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute （BFRI） and Aronnak Nursery in Chittagong. The highest infection percentage and disease index were found in IFESCU nursery, followed by BFRI and the lowest was recorded in Aronnak nursery. The associated organism of leaf spot disease of P. pinnata was isolated from the diseased plant parts and the pathogenicity was established with the isolated fungus. Colletorichum gloeosprioides Penz was proved to be pathogenic. The inhibition of mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides was observed and identified as suitable fungicides （Bavistin, Cupravite and Dithane M-45） and doses （0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 2.00）. The lowest and highest mycelial growth were respectively found on Bavistin and on Cupravite at the concentration of 0.05 after 8th day of incubation. It indicates that out of the three tested fungicides, Bavistin showed most effective, followed by Diathane M-45, and Cupravite was ineffective for its very little inhibition on mycelial growth.     

Effect of growing media on seed germination and vigor in biofuel tree species

To evaluate laboratory germination media, seed germi- nation rates and methodology for both Jatropha curcas and Pongamia pinnata were counted in different germination medium, such as river sand, quartz sand and vermiculite. The seeds of both species were sown at 2-cm depth of river sand, quartz sand and vermiculite. We evaluated methodologies of seeds of J. curcas and P. pinnata by ISTA （Interna- tional Seed Testing Association）. The results showed that river sand is the best medium for tree seeds planted at 2-cm depth of River sand. Vermiculite was second best. On paper media, there were many abnor- mal seedlings and this media were unsuitable for germination of the larger seeds.     

Biochemical composition and photosynthetic activity of Pongamia pinnata（L.） Pierre in response to acute 60Co γ-irradiation

To elucidate the potential and sensitivity of cirradiation in Pongamia pinnata,the present study has been done by irradiating the air-dried seeds to differentγ-irradiation doses(100 Gy,200 Gy,400 Gy and 600 Gy),using 60Co source.Significant increase(p≤0.05)in the germination,growth,and vigor was recorded under the100 Gy treatment than the control set.The chlorophylla and total chlorophyll content(mgg-1 FW)in the leaves of P.pinnata showed a significant decrease under the higher irradiation treatments(200 Gy,400 Gy and 600 Gy).In contrast,chlorophyllb showed a radio-resistance up to 200 Gy dose,and above which its concentration declined significantly(p≤0.05).Photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration,and transpiration rate were stimulated by 100 Gy irradiation treatment and the higher doses inhibited these parameters.Antioxidant activity in the leaves of P.pinnata tended to increase after irradiation in a dose-dependent manner.All the plants under different treatments ofγ-irradiation showed stimulation in production of proline,flavonoid,and phenolic content in comparision to the control.The findings of the present study showed thatγ-irradiation treatment stimulates the secondary metabolite production(proline,flavonoid and phenolic)and favours faster growth of P.pinnata.     

Genetic variability and divergence studies in pod and seed traits of Pongamia pinnata （L.） Pierre., accessions in Bay Islands

In this study, we assessed the variability in pod, seed traits and oil content of 24 accessions of Pongamia pinnata collected from different parts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The experiment was conducted at the Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair during 2010 to 2011. The variability studies for pod and seed traits revealed that, the accession CPT-6 collected from New Wandoor in South Andaman recorded the maximum values for eight traits viz. pod length （75.51 mm）, pod width （34.62 mm）, pod thickness （17.55 mm）, 100 pod weight （770.33 g）, seed width （21.23 mm）, 100 seed weight （377.00 g）, oil percentage （43.92%） and germination percentage （94.7%）. However, the maximum seed length （26.46 mm） was recorded from CPT 2 and the maximum pod-seed ratio was obtained from CPT 13 and CPT 4 （2.50 and 2.44 respectively）. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations were also close to each other for all traits, but the 100 pod and seed weight exhibited higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation than the other traits. Estimates of broad sense heritability ranged from 0.30 （for seed length） to 0.95 （pod length） and genetic ad- vance as percent of the mean ranged between 11.66% and 57.40% with seed length giving the lowest value and 100 pod weight giving the high- est value. Both the phenotypic and genotypic correlation between pod length, pod width, pod thickness, 100 pod weight, seed width and 100 seed weight and between pod thickness, 100 pod weight, seed width, 100 seed weight and germination percentage were found to be strong. On the basis of non hierarchical Euclidian cluster analysis, 24 accessions were grouped into six clusters. The maximum numbers of seven accessions were included in cluster VI. The maximum intra cluster distance （10.238）shown by cluster VI and the maximum inter cluster distance （17.021） between V and HI followed by III and II （15.942）. Among the six clus- ters formed the cluster III recorded maximum oil percentage, 100 pod weight, 100 seed ,weight, pod length, pod thickness, pod width, seed width and. germination percentage, while cluster V recorded maximum pod seed ratio and germination percentage. The present findings suggest that the crossing between accessions of cluster V and cluster III will result in a wide spectrum of variability in subsequent generations.     

Variability and divergence in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pongamia pinnata</Emphasis> for further use in tree improvement

A total of 24 candidate plus trees (CPTs) of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. were selected to elucidate their variation and diversity based on thirteen quantitative traits (4 pod traits, 6 seed traits of parent trees and 3 progeny traits) at Forest Research Centre, Institute of Forest Productivity — Mandar, Ranchi district during 2005–2007. The results show that, CPT-19 had maximum for seven traits viz, pod length (65.6 mm), 100-pod weight (542.4 g), seed 2D (two dimension) area (351.2 mm²), seed length (27.9 mm), seed breadth (17.4 mm), 100-seed weight (217.9 g) and plant height (164.3 cm). The traits, 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight had a high heritability (98.4%, 96.9%) accompanied with high genetic advance (46.0%, 34.9%). There is a positive significant correlation between 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight traits at both genotypic and phenotypic levels with plant height, collar diameter and volume index at 30 MAS (months after sowing). Volume index expressed a moderate heritability (47.4%) accompanied with high genetic advance (48.4%), indicating that the character is governed by additive gene effects. In divergence study, 24 accessions were grouped into 6 clusters on the basis of non-hierarchical euclidian cluster analysis. The genotypes in cluster IV (CPT-5, CPT-6, CPT-7, CPT-12, CPT-16, CPT-18, CPT-22) and cluster III (CPT-4, CPT-8, CPT-9, CPT-20, CPT-21) were most heterogeneous and can be best used within group hybridization. The wide diversity exists between the cluster V and II, followed by cluster II and I and crosses between CPTs of these clusters may result in substantial segregates. It is revealed that the existence of substantial variation and diversity can be utilized for genetic resource conservation and further tree improvement programmers of the species.     

Effects of shade and bird exclusion on arthropods and leaf damage on coffee farms in Jamaica’s Blue Mountains

The effects of overstory trees and birds on coffee pests are poorly understood. This study documents (a) the effect of bird exclusion on foliage-dwelling arthropod abundance and insect-caused leaf damage, and (b) the relationships between vegetation complexity and insect abundance, leaf damage, and prevalence of fungal leaf symptoms on coffee farms in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica, West Indies. Overall arthropod abundance was reduced inside bird-proof exclosures, and this corresponded to reduced insect-caused leaf damage. The reduction in leaf damage increased with greater shade, but fungal leaf symptoms increased with greater shade and proximity to non-coffee habitat patches. There appears to be a trade-off for coffee farmers in our study region: vegetation complexity may attract beneficial insect-eating birds that can reduce insect damage, but it is also associated with the prevalence of fungal leaf symptoms.     

毛竹叶斑枯病营林防治技术研究

根据毛竹叶斑枯病的发生发展规律和发病竹林的立地条件,采取劈草清杂、合理采伐、深翻抚育,加施适当比例的N、P、K复合肥等营林技术防治措施,取得很好的防治效果。     

毛竹叶斑枯病的研究

毛竹叶斑枯病是由竹独足座菌侵染所致,该文介绍了毛竹叶斑枯病的症状、病原菌生物学特性、发生发展规律空间分布格局、损失估测、防治指标、病理生理学、综合防治。     

竹材霉菌的鉴定及防霉剂的筛选

经鉴定竹材霉菌有２５种。本文描述２０种霉菌的形态，其中常发霉菌有青霉、曲霉、毛霉、黑根霉、镰刀菌、粉红单端孢霉。经测定，青霉菌等的生长适温为１５～３０℃；相对温度为６０％时孢子开始萌发，９３％时萌发率最高。这为选择防霉时期提供了依据。在防霉剂毒性测定的基础上，配成的ＰＣＢ和ＣＢＷ防霉剂效力达９１．７％～１００％。