芥菜腌制过程中亚硝酸盐消除方法的研究

以高盐腌制咸菜引起亚硝酸盐含量偏高的现象令人关注.严格控制腌制蔬菜中亚硝酸盐的含量是保证其卫生安全品质的重要措施.通过试验得出：①芥菜掩制过程中亚硝酸盐含量随腌制时间出现高峰,但腌制成熟时,食用是安全的;②在腌制初期加入抗坏血酸、柠檬酸或茶多酚,对抑制亚硝酸盐峰值效果显著,同时添加0.12%抗坏血酸、0.02%柠檬酸和0.045%茶多酚,可以使成品中亚硝酸盐最终残留量显著低于空白对照（α=0.01）,并且在腌制过程中不会出现明显的＂亚硝酸盐高峰＂,显著提高了腌制芥菜食用的安全性.     

发展涪陵榨菜的制约因素与推进措施

强化食品质量安全问题,对传统榨菜行业是一个挑战,国家对三峡库区产业加大了投入,对发展涪陵榨菜又是一个好机遇。分析机遇与挑战各因素,找出制约涪陵榨菜发展的因素:榨菜质量、废水处理等,积极采取措施,推广传统风脱水工艺,生产榨菜酱油,集中建池等,提高榨菜产品的质量,提升整个榨菜产业技术水平。     

A Modified Clean Production Technique of Recovering Calcium Phosphate for Gelatin Plant

A clean production technique, which can reduce wastewater pollution for gelatin plant in pH, suspended COD and Ca 2+ , has been proposed. Precipitated the lime from lime wastewater produced by lime process, then this alkali water without lime is added to another acidic wastewater produced by pickling process to e CaHPO 4. But in traditional technique, the lime wastewater with lime is added to pickling wastewater directly, little lime wastewater was consumed and large amount of lime wastewater, which contains high pH, high-suspended COD and high Ca, and is difficult to treat by biological treatment, is produced for gelatin plant. It is proved by the experiment that the final wastewater produced by the clean production technique has lower pH for the pickling wastewater consuming large amount of lime wastewater. It has lower COD for all the suspended COD and partial soluble COD being separated from the wastewater absorbed by CaHPO4 sedimentation, and that it has lower Ca for it is no longer the saturated lime solution.     

Kinetics on degradation of CODcr in mustard comprehensive wastewater by electro-Fenton process

The treatment efficiency of mustard comprehensive wastewater with high salt by electro-Fenton is studied to solve the problem that microorganism is inhibited by high salt and improve the unstable performance of biological treatment. CODcr removal effect and its influencing factors in high salt wastewater by electro-Fenton process are mainly investigated, and the degradation kinetics of CODcr is analyzed. The results show that CODcr removal rate reaches 76.33 % after 120 min at the conditions that current density of 10 A/dm 2, ferrous sulfate dosage 1.0 mmol/L, electrode spacing 15 mm, pH=5, RuO2-IRO2-SnO2-TiO2/Ti quaternary as anode, titanium mesh as cathode. Kinetic analysis shows that the degradation curve of CODcr consists with the first-order response characteristics and the value of the kinetic constant is 0.0121 min -1 when COD of raw wastewater is 4 225 mg/L. By linear regression equation, kinetics model of CODcr degradation is established. The model possesses higher regression rate (R 2=99.25%) and has higher coincide degree with the experimental results.     

Pretreatment of Coke Oven Waste Water with Iron Scrap Method

Denitrification of Coke oven waste water is most biological.That COD/NH 3 N is too high is adverse to biological denitrification.Iron scrap method is used to pretreat coke oven wastewater in order to degrade COD.Coke oven wastewater is pretreated by iron scrap with ancillary material. A good result is got that the removal efficiency of COD cr of wastewater is 40% or so without regulating pH of wastewater and the solution is alkaline.The results show that the factors arragned in important order as the follows:the quantity of iron scrap,graphite,ancillary material A, treatment time,aeration time.The removal efficiency of COD does not lower ater the reactor has run about two months. The results are stable.     

超声波联合混凝法处理制药废水的研究

为了探讨单独超声波降解法、混凝法及2种方法联合处理制药废水的可行性,研究了超声波辐射时间、功率以及混凝剂的种类、浓度对制药废水中COD和NH3-N去除的影响。结果表明：（1）超声波单独处理制药废水时,COD和NH3-N去除率先随着超声波辐射时间(200~1000 s)的增大而增大,最佳时间为1000 s,COD和NH3-N的最大去除率分别为27.80%、45.34%;超声波辐射时间为1000 s,COD和NH3-N去除率随着超声波辐射功率的增大而先增大后减小。（2）单独用混凝剂处理制药废水时,COD的去除率随着混凝剂的浓度(0.1~0.6 g/L)的增大而先增大后减小,PAC在0.3 g/L时为最佳,COD的去除率为40.10%,NH3-N的平均去除率保持在5%左右。（3）在各自的最佳状态下,先用超声波处理后加混凝剂比先加混凝剂后用超声波处理的COD和NH3-N的去除率高,分别为61.24%、58.63%。试验表明,先用超声波处理后加混凝剂比先加混凝剂后用超声波处理对COD和NH3-N的去除率高。     

泡菜中亚硝酸盐的研究进展

对泡菜中亚硝酸盐的检测方法、含量变化及影响含量变化的因素、降低亚硝酸盐含量的方法等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为泡菜的生产提供指导。     

Study on N-Phenylglycinonitrile Wastewater Treatment by Anoxic-Aerobic Process

The anoxic-aerobic process was used to treat n-phenylglycinonitrile wastewater from a chemical plant. Furthermore, the chemical process was used to remove ammonia from effluent of bio-chemical process. The results show that when the influent contains COD Cr 1 000-2 000 mg/L and NH 3-N 300 mg/L, the effluent would contain COD Cr 200-300 mg/L and NH 3-N 30 mg/L. The treated water can be reused as cooling water for the factory.     

Treatment of Wastewater in City District by Hydrolytic,Acidification and Biological Contacting Oxidation Process

The hydrolytic acidification, biological contacting oxidation process has been adopted to treat the wastewater with capacity of 100 m 3/d in the city district. An effluent with BOD<20 mg/L, COD<60 mg/L, SS<20 mg/L, NH 3-N<15 mg/L has been obtained when the inlet BOD,COD, SS and NH 3-N are 86 mg/L, 215 mg/L, 116 mg/L and 28 mg/L, respectively. It meets the national wastewater discharge standard.     

涪陵区茎瘤芥“3414”肥效试验研究初报

摘要：通过在涪陵区百胜镇紫竹村豆瓣泥田中进行的茎瘤芥“3414”肥效试验,结果表明,亩施N13kg、P2O55.25kg、K2O6.25kg时,可获得较为理想的产量2843kg/亩瘤茎,在此基础上加大肥料施用量增产效果降低。可见,在本地区实际生产中采取合理的氮磷钾比例配方施肥能够有效地提高茎瘤芥产量,降低生产成本,增加经济效益。     

Measurements of Influent COD Components for Activated Sludge Models

The Activated Sludge Models were widely applied in Europe and America since they were put forward, however, for an accurate simulation of the activated sludge treatment processes, reliable wastewater characteristic parameters such as COD components were needed. The conventional parameters such as COD can not differentiate the carbonaceous organic matters of wastewater, so they need to be divided again. Therefore, the fractionation of influent COD components in the Activated Sludge Models is introduced, and the physical-chemical and biological characteristics of each COD components are analyzed. The measurements of influent COD components are reviewed and some evaluation is made. The issue in determining the influent COD components is discussed. The idea of establishing a characterization guideline is put forward at last.     

不同形态外源N对木荷马尾松叶凋落物分解的影响

摘要：将中亚热带木荷马尾松叶凋落物置于不同形态外源N下进行模拟分解实验,研究结果表明：NH4Cl和NaNO3溶液均能有效提高木荷叶的分解速率,而且加入的量越多其分解速度越快。但与等量的水相比,只有当溶液量增到300 ml时,外源铵态氮和硝态氮对其分解的促进作用才明显超过水的影响,达到极显著水平。NH4Cl和NaNO3溶液在一定程度上也都能促进马尾松叶的分解,但不同处理间对其影响的差别不大,外源铵态氮对马尾松落叶分解速率的影响不如等量水的强,与水相比,在三种处理中,只有加200 ml NaNO3溶液时能显著提高马尾松落叶的分解速率。总体上外源氮对马尾松叶分解的影响不如对木荷落叶的明显。     

贵州芥蓝种植生产的气候适宜度研究

摘 要：为了研究芥蓝生长与贵州气候资源相适宜的情况,基于1981-2010年贵州省84个国家级气象观测站逐日气象数据,结合芥蓝的生物特性,根据农业生态气候适宜度理论和模糊数学方法,建立气温、降水以及气候适宜度评价模型,并利用该模型对芥蓝生长的逐侯气候适宜度进行评价。结果表明,贵州芥蓝生长气温较适宜、适宜和最适宜期集中于3月第1侯到11月第5侯,而最适宜气温期集中在4月第4侯到10月第3侯;降水较适宜、适宜和最适宜期是3月第5侯到5月第5侯、7月第3侯到11月第4侯,但降水最适宜时期较短,只有10月第3侯和第6侯。气温为主导因子时,降水对芥蓝的气候适宜性有较为明显的影响作用,贵州各地芥蓝生长的最适宜气候期是春季4—5月和秋季9—10月,并且秋季气候条件优于春季,可满足2~4季芥蓝露地正常生长。     

流动注射分析法和传统方法测定土壤中N的比较研究

采用FIAstar 5000流动注射分析仪和传统方法（氧化镁浸提-扩散法、酚二磺酸比色法和镀铜镉还原-重氮化耦合比色法）分别测定了同一流域内不同利用类型土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮和亚硝态氮的含量,通过样品均值、测试误差、回收率和标准偏差等指标对两种方法进行比较研究。结果表明,流动注射分析仪在测定土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮时,分析速度快且仪器具有较好的稳定性（5次平行次数内结果RSD＜5％）。从分析结果的准确性看,采用流动注射分析仪分析土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮时,与传统方法也具有可比性,样品回收率分别为98.5~102.0%和96.7~98.3%。在测定土壤亚硝态氮时,流动注射分析法仪器稳定较差（5次平行次数内结果RSD＞6％）,且分析结果普遍偏低,需要进行必要的校正。因此,在大批量测定土壤样品铵态氮、硝态氮时,用流动注射分析法是可行的,但测定亚硝态氮含量时,存在较大的误差,需要进行校正。     

大白菜再生体系影响因子的方差分析

用生物统计的方法对大白菜不定芽再生的影响因子进行分析。研究了基因型、激素和AgNO3对17种白菜子叶（带1－2mm子叶柄）外植体不定芽再生率的影响。三组方差分析说明，基因型、激素和AgNO3都在大白菜再生体系中起着重要的作用。基因型是大白菜高频再生的限制因素，它决定了相应的最适合的激素组成和AgNO3浓度；而对某一种基因型而言，激素组成和AgNO3浓度是建立高频再生体系的关键因素。     

固废生物炭净化处理猪场废水研究初探

为了探索固废生物炭对集约化猪场废水的净化处理效应,选取玉米秸秆(CS)、松球(PC)、开心果皮(PS)、棕榈皮(PR)等4种不同农林固体废弃物生物质材料制取生物炭,处理编号分别为CS500、PC500、PS500、PR500、PR700,对其理化特性及对猪场废水的吸附净化效果进行了初步研究。结果表明,不同来源的生物炭材料组分存在一定差异,同时生物炭各组分含量还受裂解温度的影响,其中玉米秸秆生物炭CS500的C、K、Cu、Zn含量最高,棕榈皮PR500的N、P、Fe含量最高,而棕榈皮PR700的Ca、Mg含量和pH最高;5种材料对猪场废水都有一定的净化效果,其中化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH3-N)、总氮(TN)的吸附效果明显,最大吸附量分别为81.62、43.67、10.46mg/g,总磷(TP)效果不显著。综合考虑,CS500的吸附效果最优,对COD、NH3-N、TN、TP的吸附量分别为81.62、20.75、10.46、1.19mg/g。本研究对农林固废生物炭的吸附净水效应做了初步探讨,为进一步开发利用生物炭材料在污水处理工程中的应用提供科学参考。     

硝酸银在植物离体培养中的应用之研究进展

综述了AgNO3在植物离体培养及遗传转化中的应用情况,详细论述了基因型、处理时间及浓度和外植体类型对AgNO3作用效果的影响,探讨了AgNO3与乙烯和多胺的关系对离体培养物器官发生或形态建成的影响,并指出了今后AgNO3在植物离体培养中应用研究的重点。     

纳米材料在卷烟降焦减害中应用的研究

分别将纳米材料Al2O3,TiO2加入到卷烟烟丝中,研究了纳米材料及其加入方式对卷烟焦油和CO含量的影响。结果表明,纳米材料干法加入到烟丝上,降低烟气中焦油和CO含量的效果较为明显,其中纳米材料Al2O3的作用效果更为显著,而纳米材料湿法添加到烟丝中的效果不明显,对卷烟感官质量无不良影响。     

生物活性炭流化床对生物柴油废水的降解效应与化学势变

为了解决生物柴油废水生化处理难度大、效率低等问题。采用生物活性炭流化床工艺处理生物柴油废水,研究试验系统COD的降解效应与化学势变。结果表明：试验系统具有良好的处理效果,采用四级串联系统可使末端出水COD浓度达到GB 18918—2002中一级B标准。试验系统COD去除的基本过程可用吸附-好氧生物降解两级反应来描述,好氧生物降解反应中COD的去除率随串联级数增大而增大,说明好氧降解的总贡献率与系统串联级数呈正相关。试验系统COD去除反应的化学势变为负值,其绝对值随单元级数增大而增大,说明系统COD的去除是自发反应,系统去除COD能力随串联级数增大而增强,好氧生物降解反应在维持系统处理效果稳定中发挥着重要作用。     

浸泡法五香咸蛋的研制及最佳配方筛选

研究五香咸蛋的腌制方法和筛选最佳配方。精选天然香辛料并与食盐、草木灰调配成复合调味料液来腌制鲜蛋,得到咸香可口的咸蛋。五香料的最佳配方为:花椒15%,八角15%,桂皮10%,丁香15%,茴香8%,豆蔻7%,红茶10%,山楂20%。咸蛋浸泡液的最佳配比为:食盐20.00%,复合香辛料0.60%,草木灰1.50%。结果表明,此法腌制的咸蛋,蛋白鲜美细嫩,蛋黄黄润、松、沙、油,并有特殊的馥郁香味。