传递功率对行星齿轮传动系分岔特性的影响规律

针对行星齿轮减速器工作过程中传递功率的频繁变化容易导致其运动状态发生突变的问题,探讨行星齿轮传动系统随传递功率的分岔特性。基于2K-H型行星齿轮传动系统纯扭转非线性动力学模型,采用CPNF(continuous Poincaré-Newton-Floquet)方法研究了传递功率对行星齿轮传动系统周期运动稳定性的局部精细分岔规律,运用直接数值积分的方法绘制了系统随功率的全局分岔图,并对两种仿真结果进行了对比。结果发现,在某些参数组合下,行星齿轮传动系统会共存几个稳定或不稳定的周期轨道;当功率在196~220 kW范围内,随着功率值的逐渐增大,行星齿轮传动系统的各种形态的周期轨道均是通过倍周期倒分岔的途径在相应功率分岔点处发生稳定性突变的;在轻载工况下(传递小功率),行星齿轮非线性系统容易呈现混沌运动状态。     

冬季稳定人工环境实验室内温度的新方法

人工环境实验室对温度的控制精度低于工艺性环境要求,但冬季若采用分体式空调制热模式控制,实验室温度的波动范围过大,影响采集实验数据的准确性。提出冬季采用空调制冷模式联合电取暖器稳定人工环境实验室内温度的新方法,在背景实验中将新方法和传统空调制热温度控制方法进行对比,结果表明：采用新方法能大幅度提高人工环境实验房间温度的稳定性。为对新方法中空调的设定制冷温度与电取暖器功率匹配问题做进一步研究而进行探究试验,实验结果表明：空调制冷量Q₁、测试房间热负荷Q₂、电取暖器功率Q₃和测试房间其他设备功率Q₄存在匹配关系,当空调设定温度相同时,|Q₁+Q₂-Q₃-Q₄|值越小,人工环境实验室内温度波动频率越稳定,振幅越小。     

Analysis of Heat Transfer and Optimal Parameters of Multi-louvered Fin Condenser

The authors conduct the experimental study and optimal computing for the condenser of automobile air conditioner. The especially the properties of heat transfer and flow at the side of air when using shutter fin. The authors the influence of several combinations of fin's geometry parameter to heat transfer and flow resistance. The maximal heat transfer is used as a criterion relation to select the fin's geometry parameters in the same facing air area of condenser. Furthermore, a program is designed to conduct optimal computing, and the computing results are basically consistent with experimental results. It shows that the optimal method is reasonable and the results can be applied to engineering practice.     

南方立筒仓应用移动空调控温储存玉米研究

对立筒仓的玉米应用移动空调进行控温储存试验,试验表明通过空调间歇性控温能确保玉米安全度夏储存安全,降低粮食保管费用。     

Reference Efficiency of Planetary Gear Train

Reference efficiency of a pair of gear drive without planetary motion is the base to calculate efficiency of the whole planetary gear train. The authors find reference efficiency for speed increase is higher than that of the same drive used for speed reduction. This is different from the earlier viewpoint. New equations are derived for correctly calculating the reference efficiency of spur gear and helical gear with internal conjugate and external conjugate either in the state of speed increase or speed reduction respectively. The equations are also used to calculate efficiency of 2K-H planetary gear train.     

土壤调理剂在桃上应用效果的研究

为探讨土壤调理剂对桃园土壤、产量和品质的影响及适宜用量,在桃园设计不同用量处理,分析了土壤调理剂对产量、品质、土壤理化性状等的影响。试验结果表明:施用土壤调理剂提高了桃产量,每公顷用量1125 kg时产量最好,比对照提高了24.98%;施用土壤调理剂提高了桃单果重、可溶性固形物和总糖含量;土壤调理剂提高了桃园土壤p H值、有机质、阳离子交换量、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效锌和有效性铜的含量。综合效果,每公顷施用1125 kg最为适宜。     

Influence of a polyacrylamide soil conditioner on runoff generation and soil erosion: Field tests in Baringo District,Kenya

Following promising laboratory results the effect of low concentration applications of a polyacrylamide soil conditioner SEPARAN AP30 on soil properties was tested under field conditions in a severely degraded semi-arid region in northern Kenya. Tests of conditioner performance on tilled and undisturbed soils were carried out under simulated rainfall on crusting Eutric or Calcaric Fluvisols at two sites on alluviolacustrine flats adjacent to Lake Baringo. Tests were carried out in two series separated by up to six weeks of sunshine and natural rainfall, to determine the longevity and residual effects of conditioner application.Runoff generation and soil loss were significantly reduced on all runoff plots during the first rainfall simulation, but the most dramatic results occurred when conditioner application was combined with raking. This inhibited crust development and virtually eliminated runoff and soil loss. Under natural weathering, surface crust had developed on all plots before the second rainfall simulations. Some residual effects of the conditioner on infiltration rates were still noted, but the residual effect on soil loss was greatly diminished.The tests indicate that low concentration applications of SEPARAN are not useful on undisturbed soils, but can provide useful temporary reductions in sheet and rillwash hazard when combined with tillage and could be effectively combined with grass re-seeding for more permanent reclamation.     

不同控温形式的储粮试验

在高大平房仓中选用空调控温、内环流控温储粮技术进行控温试验。通过对比分析温度变化情况得出,内环流控温能达到控温储粮目的,可实现低温/准低温储粮,且能耗少、费用低。     

磷基土壤调理剂在低磷红壤上对小白菜生长的影响

采用盆栽试验研究不同用量的土壤调理剂对低磷红壤改良及小白菜生长的影响。研究结果表明：土壤调理剂提高了土壤团聚体的数量、pH、全磷、有机质及阳离子交换量,以200%和100%土壤调理剂效果最好,显著高于化肥和不施磷肥处理;200%土壤调理剂处理的小白菜地上部与地下部干重分别为化肥处理的83.3%和81.3%,是不施磷的4.48倍和2.8倍;50%土壤调理剂处理的水溶性糖含量与还原糖分别比不施磷肥增加77.92%和57.94%;50%土壤调理剂处理小白菜地上部磷含量最高0.4%,比不施磷肥提高42.86%,磷素利用率26.7%。说明磷基土壤调理剂可部分替代磷肥,且土壤调理剂用量越高,对低磷红壤的改良效果越好。     

水稻施用“永丰年”牌调理剂的效果分析

为了明确"永丰年"牌调理剂在水稻上施用效果,采用随机区组设计在湖南省祁东县红壤稻田进行了试验研究。结果表明:在红壤地区稻田上施用"永丰年"牌调理剂肥料使水稻增产7.1%,使氮肥的利用率提高10%、磷肥提高6.2%、钾肥利用率提高2.4%;调理剂农学效率为0.9kg/kg,调理剂用量以40kg/hm~2为佳。施用调理剂同时可以提高土壤中有机质和土壤其他养分,对土壤具有一定培肥作用。     

浅圆仓膜下氮气气调膜上控温储粮试验

通过改造浅圆仓测温电缆,实现了浅圆仓膜下充氮气调和膜上中央空调控温,提高了卸粮口、大门口、通风口等死角的害虫致死率。将浅圆仓氮气气调杀虫与控温储粮相结合,实现了储粮安全度夏。     

高温高湿储粮区空调控温储藏应用研究

在平房仓和立筒仓开展空调控温储藏试验,结果表明:相同的空调运行条件下,平房仓内空调对稻谷仓仓温及表层粮温的控温效果优于玉米仓;立筒仓粮堆底层和表层的温度变化幅度都比较大,在夏季高温季节开启空调,对表层粮温的控制效果明显,可延缓其变化幅度和降低温度值;空调温度的设置应根据气温和粮情的变化适时做出调整,在达到控温目标的同时实现节能降耗。     

平房仓空调控温安装方式的探索

在富氮低氧储存条件下,对平房仓内气囊薄膜上下形成的空间,进行了三种不同空调控温安装方式的试验,试验结果表明,采用蒸发器(室内机)(不带风机)+中压风机组合,利用PVC管道及管道上开孔来输出冷气和回送气体,形成内部循环式的气流空调控温安装方式,可以有效控制平房仓的仓温。     

两级星型五分支传动静态均载分析

为分析两级星型五分支传动系统的均载问题,根据该系统构成功率流动闭环的特点,推导扭转角变形协调条件,结合力矩平衡条件,运用当量啮合误差理论,建立静态条件下的均载力学分析模型,求解得到均载系数,分析制造误差、安装误差、构件浮动对均载特性的影响。结果表明：太阳轮、内齿圈、星轮的误差单独影响均载特性时,内齿圈的误差影响最大,各构件制造误差影响的均载系数随时间做周期变化;太阳轮基于花键间隙浮动和内齿圈径向浮动,改善了均载特性,通过试验验证了理论分析的正确性。     

有机无机复配调理剂对酸化土壤性状和烟叶产质量的影响

探究有机无机复配调理剂改良酸化土壤田间施用效果,为后续推广应用提供理论依据。采取大田试验方法,共设置5个处理,分别为T1：不施调理剂(CK),T2：有机无机复配调理剂(1500 kg/hm²),T3：有机无机复配优化调理剂(1500 kg/hm²),T4：海洋类调理剂(1500 kg/hm²)和T5：生物炭(1500 kg/hm²),随机区组设计,比较不同处理对酸化植烟沙泥田土壤性状和烟叶产质量等方面的影响。结果表明：(1)施用调理剂改善烟株农艺性状和提高烟叶产质量的效果明显,其中有机无机复配优化调理剂处理的株高、有效叶数、茎围和最大叶长显著高于对照8.53%、14.19%、7.40%和8.21%,其产量、产值和均价显著高于对照28.76%、46.98%和14.16%。(2)各处理烟叶的总氮、烟碱、钾、氯,和蛋白质含量以及氮碱比均在适宜范围内,海洋类调理剂处理的化学成分相对协调。(3)与对照相比,有机无机复配优化调理剂处理显著提高土壤0.32个pH单位,其脲酶活性提高26.23%,2种有机无机复配调...     

Analysis and test on vibration and acousticnoise of GWC6066 marine gearbox

The mesh stiffness of gear tooth is simulated by spring elements, the connected bolt between various housings are simplified as bar elements, and the sliding bearing and rolling bearing are simplified as spring dumping elements. Based on them, the gear-shaft-bearing-housing coupled finite element model and boundary element model of GWC6066 marine gearbox are established. Finally, the dynamic response under internal dynamic excitation is analyzed and the vibration severity, structural-borne noise and air-borne noise of the gear system are forecasted. Through the experimental modal analysis of gear system, and the test of vibration response and air pressure, the natural frequencies, vibration severity, structural-borne noise and air-borne noise are obtained. Compared with numerical results, two results show good agreement.     

Determination of Moisture Rate of Porous Saline Materials

The high humidity makes the indoor air quality sultry. The porous saline materials can function as efficient humidity conditioner. On the basis of analyzing mass exchange process between porous saline materials and air, the computational method of the moisture exchange rate on the porous saline materials surface is established. A number of methods for enhancing the humidity conditioning of porous saline materials are suggested.     

移动式空调控温储粮试验

华南地区长期处在高温高湿天气,低温时间较短,对储粮品质的稳定性和安全极为不利。在高大平房仓利用移动式空调,调控仓内粮面到拱板之间的空间温度,减轻仓内温度对粮温的影响,对延缓粮堆粮温上升速度,延缓粮食品质劣变起着积极作用。     

Effect on the performance of piston cam enginewith the parameters of valve mechanism

In order to investigate the effect on the performance of piston cam engine by the valve parameters, the instantaneous state analysis method is used to model the thermal process in cylinder and that is analyzed through computer simulation. The researching results indicate that the aperture of the air hole have little effect on performance of the piston cam engine when it is greater than a certain value; economy can be increased by decreasing intake angle on the premise of power need; power can be increased by decreasing the pressure of cylinder to back pressure at time of piston begin to get back; the forehead intake angle and compress angle for optimum power and economy can be get by comparing to different simulation results.     

不同改良剂对保护地次生盐渍化土壤改良效果的研究

研究旨在提高保护地次生盐渍化土壤肥力,探索建立适宜当地的次生盐渍化土壤改良模式。选择宿豫区典型保护地次生盐渍化土壤,以不施处理为对照,研究施用有机肥、土壤调理剂、米糠对土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷以及水溶性盐的影响。结果表明：各处理均能不同程度对次生盐渍化土壤进行改良,增加土壤养分,降低土壤含盐量。与对照相比,施用有机肥处理较对照土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾分别提高41.6%、68.3%、121.6%,米糠处理较对照土壤有机质、速效钾显著增加41.4%、48.6%,土壤调理剂处理也有增加土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量的趋势。此外,各处理还对土壤水溶性盐分有降低效果。其中米糠处理较对照土壤电导率、水溶性盐总量、水溶性钙离子、水溶性镁离子、硫酸根离子含量分别显著降低43.3%、23.5%、28.9%、34.6%、23.2%。米糠、有机肥、土壤调理剂对次生盐渍化土壤改良效果依次递减,其中米糠改良效果较为显著。