猪用发酵床的研究与应用

新型微生物发酵床养猪技术是一种新兴的无公害养猪技术,它可有效地解决猪生产中的粪便处理和环境污染问题,改善猪的福利状况,利于猪只的生长和发育,其环保性和经济性明显优于集约化,规模化养猪方式。本文介绍了微生物发酵床的概念、分类和工艺流程,讨论了其技术要点和应用效果,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

猪用发酵床的研究与应用

新型微生物发酵床养猪技术是一种新兴的无公害养猪技术,它可有效地解决猪生产中的粪便处理和环境污染问题,改善猪的福利状况,利于猪只的生长和发育,其环保性和经济性明显优于集约化,规模化养猪方式.本文介绍了微生物发酵床的概念、分类和工艺流程,讨论了其技术要点和应用效果,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

现代养猪生产中的福利问题与保护措施

本文分析了目前影响我国现代养猪生产的福利问题,阐明了猪各生长阶段中的福利要求,并提出了猪生产中的保护与福利措施。     

现代养猪生产中的福利问题及对策

本文综述了现代化养猪生产中猪的福利问题,提出了一些解决当前福利问题的对策,如大力宣传动物福利知识、建立健全动物福利法律法规和对猪实行精心的饲养。     

新型阉割替代方法可提高猪的生产性能和福利

正专家在都柏林举行的2016年国际猪兽医学会会议上讨论了关于使用新型阉割替代方法的经济和福利效益。专家说,赞同新型替代方法进行阉割可显著提高猪的生产性能和肉品质,同时还可减少福利和行为问题。公猪膻味是当烹调肉时从性成熟的公猪中散发出来的一种令人不快的气味。为了防止公猪膻味,传统上公猪要进行物理阉割,但是在一些市场消费者驱动的对动物福利的关注促使一些生产者寻求替代方法。一种替代方案,有时被称为免疫阉割或公猪膻味免     

动物福利在养羊生产中的应用简述

近年来,动物福利受到越来越多国家、组织的关注和重视,部分领域还严重影响了动物产品的国内外贸易,逐渐成为重要的国际公共政策问题,成为一种新型的贸易壁垒。国内外动物福利问题在猪、鸡、牛生产中研究比较多,在羊生产中研究相对较少。为了提高从业人员对动物福利的认识,普及动物福利知识,笔者结合在工作中的学习、思考与实践,对动物福利在养羊生产中的应用作一简述。     

浅议猪的福利问题

随着养猪业的快速发展,猪的集约化生产水平越来越高,这给养殖者带来极大的便利,但给猪只本身却带来了严重的福利问题.猪是受集约化生产体系影响较大的家畜之一,各个生长阶段都会产生一些福利问题.本文将按照猪的生产类型,概述比较典型的福利问题,用以提高人们,特别是养殖者对猪福利问题的认识.     

猪福利改善研究进展

成熟的动物福利生产模式,既满足养殖动物的基本行为需求,又适合规模化、工厂化生产,保证了动物生产和胴体品质。文章从动物福利的基本要求,母猪管理与福利、减少仔猪应激、与健康有关的福利、预防和控制疾病、与屠宰有关的福利以及饲养员对猪的态度和行为等方面进行了综述,以期为猪福利改善研究提供参考。     

改善高产母猪及其仔猪福利的策略

近年来,社会民众对动物福利的关注与日俱增,动物福利已成为现代动物生产的基本要素,本文着重讨论了高产母猪及其所产仔猪生产中面临的福利问题。     

猪福利问题概述

作者从猪的生产类型角度概述了仔猪、育肥猪、繁殖母猪和公猪在集约化养殖条件的福利状况,并大致提出了一些针对福利方面的改进饲养管理的建议.     

猪的福利与放牧养猪

通过对动物福利的概况阐述,分析了我国猪饲养环境中存在的动物福利问题以及放牧养猪对猪只福利的影响,提出了发展放牧养猪的思路。     

Happy pigs are dirty! – conflicting perspectives on animal welfare

The study of animal welfare cannot be based entirely on science. For a number of assumptions of an ethical nature will it inevitably enter the study of how good or bad animals fare under different systems of animal production.

In some cases, ethical assumptions may be uncontroversial, but they may also be the cause of disagreement. A case study is presented that seems to indicate that there is systematic disagreement between lay and expert views about what a good animal life is. The study is based on interviews about modern pig production. The title of this paper summarises the reaction of an interviewee when commenting on pictures of what is generally regarded as animal-friendly pig production. In the lay perspective, living a natural life is an important part of animal welfare – a part that supplements, and therefore needs to be combined with, the absence of suffering and frustration that are central components of the expert approach.

The main message of the paper for those who are professionally involved in animal production is that ethical assumptions and potential conflicts of view should be recognised and brought into the discussion of animal welfare.     

Toward a better understanding of pig behavior and pig welfare

Pork production began to flourish in the USA after the practice of finishing pigs on corn was popularized in the late 1600s. By the 1840s, there were 35 million pigs and 20 million people in the USA and Cincinnati was the world's largest pork market. Between 1890 and the present, the total number of pigs in the USA has remained at 50-60 million, but dramatic changes in swine husbandry over the course of the 20th century have metamorphosed pig production from small, extensive (outdoor), labor-dependent enterprises into large, intensive (indoor), capital-dependent, production systems. This development has led to debate concerning the impact of swine production on animal/human health, the environment, and the welfare of the animals under our care. In a very tangible way, the future of pork production depends on effectively addressing the public's concerns regarding animal welfare and health. Here, we review basic sensory and behavioral aspects of swine with the objective of reaching a better understanding of pig behavior and pig welfare. The premise of this discussion is that safeguarding animal welfare and health is good for pigs, pork producers and the animal-conscious public.     

恢复养猪生产意义重大

文章就中国的养猪产业自2018年8月遭受非洲猪瘟疫情重创以来所面临的若干难题进了剖析,分析了我国目前养猪业布局、模式和规模需要完善的关键点、动物疫控体系存在的诸多薄弱环节和公益支撑保障方面应该加强的方向,从重新合理布局谋化养猪产业升级、提升养猪生产安全保障水平、强化法律保障和科技支撑能力等三个方面阐述了恢复养猪生产的重要意义,并提出了参考建议。     

Good animal welfare makes economic sense: potential of pig abattoir meat inspection as a welfare surveillance tool

ABSTRACT: During abattoir meat inspection pig carcasses are partially or fully condemned upon detection of disease that poses a risk to public health or welfare conditions that cause animal suffering e.g. fractures. This incurs direct financial losses to producers and processors. Other health and welfare-related conditions may not result in condemnation but can necessitate 'trimming' of the carcass e.g. bruising, and result in financial losses to the processor. Since animal health is a component of animal welfare these represent a clear link between suboptimal pig welfare and financial losses to the pig industry.Meat inspection data can be used to inform herd health programmes, thereby reducing the risk of injury and disease and improving production efficiency. Furthermore, meat inspection has the potential to contribute to surveillance of animal welfare. Such data could contribute to reduced losses to producers and processors through lower rates of carcass condemnations, trimming and downgrading in conjunction with higher pig welfare standards on farm. Currently meat inspection data are under-utilised in the EU, even as a means of informing herd health programmes. This includes the island of Ireland but particularly the Republic.This review describes the current situation with regard to meat inspection regulation, method, data capture and utilisation across the EU, with special reference to the island of Ireland. It also describes the financial losses arising from poor animal welfare (and health) on farms. This review seeks to contribute to efforts to evaluate the role of meat inspection as a surveillance tool for animal welfare on-farm, using pigs as a case example.     

Attitudes of European citizens towards pig production systems

The objective of the study is to map citizen attitudes towards pig meat production systems, and to investigate whether these attitudes associate with pork and pork product consumption. A conjoint experiment was carried out with empirical data collected from 1931 individuals in four European countries with higher-than-average per capita meat consumption (Belgium, Denmark, Poland and Germany). The experiment was based on the following pig farming characteristics: herd size, housing and floor type, efforts to reduce the impact of the production system on the environment, animal feed designed for producing pork with specific fat content, and finally the preferred quality characteristics of the pork end-product. The results of the conjoint analysis were used for a subsequent cluster analysis in order to identify European citizen clusters. Respondents' socio-demographic profile, attitudes towards issues that are expected to influence the way people evaluate pig meat production systems, and consumption frequency of various pork products are used as background information to identify segment profiles. Pork appears to play a substantial role as a part of the diet for most respondents in the four countries of this study. The results of the conjoint experiment at the sample level show that people assigned most importance to animal and environmental well-being as criteria to discriminate between “good” and “bad” pig production practices, despite the fact that their attitudes towards environmental protection, animal welfare and industrial food production were only moderately strong. Moreover, the results of the cluster analysis allowed small-sized, clear-cut clusters of citizens to appear, which pay attention to specific pig farming attributes. In conclusion, attitudes towards environment and nature, animal welfare and the need for an environment-friendly food production were indeed related to citizens' specific attitudes towards pig farming at the cluster level. However, the relationship between citizenship and consumption behaviour was found to be weak. What people think in their role as citizens related to pig production did not appear to significantly influence their pork consumption choices.     

浅谈户外养猪技术

由于动物福利、节约成本等原因,户外养猪得到了快速发展。在此就户外养猪的可行性、户外养猪基本条件与基本操作以及户外养猪效果进行了分析。     

Developments in modern intensive and conventional pig housing

Investment in the facilities for pig production is subject to the same criteria used for any other business. Until the early 1980s pig farmers were free to choose whatever housing system they considered would give them the best economic return. Now, however, other considerations have to be taken into account, particularly the welfare of the animal and the exclusion of antibiotics in the finishing feed. In terms of welfare, the tethering and stalling of sows has resulted in the development of electronically controlled systems for feeding dry sows. In the fattening herd the pressure for economic performance, where the nett margin per pig sold in real terms has not altered in 15 years, means that systems such as flatdecks and totally slatted houses which give the most consistent food conversion efficiency (FCE) and growth rate are favoured. Slatted fattening systems are the easiest to adapt to weekly modules of production which limits disease spread between batches and reduces the requirement for medication.     

Tail Biting in Pigs

One of the costly and welfare-reducing problems in modern pig production is tail biting. Tail biting is an abnormal behaviour, characterized by one pig's dental manipulation of another pig's tail. Tail biting can be classified into two groups: the pre-injury stage, before any wound on the tail is present, and the injury stage, where the tail is wounded and bleeding. Tail biting in the injury stage will reduce welfare of the bitten pig and the possible spread of infection is a health as well as welfare problem. The pigs that become tail biters may also suffer, because they are frustrated due to living in a stressful environment. This frustration may result in an excessive motivation for biting the tails of pen mates. This review aims to summarize recent research and theories in relation to tail biting.     

Comparison of sow welfare in the Swedish deep-bedded system and the US crated-sow system

The author estimates that the cost of swine production in the United States would increase by > $1 billion if the Swedish deep-bedded system were adopted as the only system in this country. The question is whether the added cost results in proportionately improved pig welfare.