鸭疫巴氏杆菌病的诊断

2007年3月,江苏省盐城某弛区鸭群发生一种以拉稀、呼吸困难并伴有神经症状为主要临床症状、以纤维素性心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎为主要病变特征的疾病,根据发病鸭群的流行病学,临床症状、病理变化、以及实验室诊断,确诊为鸭疫巴氏杆菌病,现报道如下：     

Antimicrobial resistance in pasteurella and mannheimia: epidemiology and genetic basis.

Isolates of the genera Pasteurella and Mannheimia cause a wide variety of diseases of great economic importance in poultry, pigs, cattle and rabbits. Antimicrobial agents represent the most powerful tools to control such infections. However, increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance may dramatically reduce the efficacy of the antimicrobial agents used to control Pasteurella and Mannheimia infections. This review presents a short summary of the infections caused by Pasteurella and Mannheimia isolates in food-producing animals and the possibilities of preventing and controlling primary and secondary pasteurellosis. Particular reference is given to antimicrobial chemotherapy and the resistance properties of Pasterurella and Mannheimia isolates. The genetic basis of the most predominant resistance properties such as resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol is discussed. This is depicted with reference to the role of plasmids and transposons in the spread of the resistance genes among Pasteurellaceae and members of other bacterial families and genera.     

The molecular biology of pasteurella multocida

Pasteurella multocida is an important veterinary and opportunistic human pathogen. The species is diverse and complex with respect to antigenic variation, host predeliction and pathogenesis. Certain serological types are the aetiologic agents of severe pasteurellosis, such as fowl cholera in domestic and wild birds, bovine haemorrhagic septicaemia and porcine atrophic rhinitis. The recent application of molecular methods such as the polymerase chain reaction, restriction endonuclease analysis, ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, gene cloning, characterisation and recombinant protein expression, mutagenesis, plasmid and bacteriophage analysis and genomic mapping, have greatly increased our understanding of P. multocida and has provided researchers with a number of molecular tools to study pathogenesis and epidemiology at a molecular level.     

The pasteurella carriers in farm and laboratory animals

The development of bacteriological systematics during the latest three decades makes us also revaluate the data reported on the finding of certain microbial species in farm and laboratory animals. These experiments were upon the occurrence of pasteurellae in the nasal or nasopharyngeal mucus, the samples of which came from farms showing different epizootic situations.The biochemical analyses of suspected strains obtained by the direct cultivation of samples on blood agar yielded the following results:

1. 1. Pasteurellae occurred with different frequency in all of the animal species and their age groups independently of the health condition on the particular farm.

2. 2. The total findings suggest the specific occurrence of pasteurellae according to animal hosts, namely: in cattle, pigs and rabbits P. multocida; in domestic fowl P. multocida and P. gallinarum; in albino rats and mice P. pneumotropica and P. ureae; and in guinea-pigs P. ureae.

3. 3. On infested farms, significantly higher frequency of pasteurellae was observed in calves, runners, piglets and hens (P. multocida, in hens also P. gallinarum), while in sows and rabbits the findings varied at about the same level as on healthy farms.

4. 4. The average frequency of pasteurellae in individual host species can be expressed as the percentage of bacilli carriers, but it should be pointed out that these largely randomized examinations also covered farms where the results were invariably negative.

5. 5. The relation of carrier strains to infections by the pasteurellae is discussed and finally the chances of raising biologically healthy animals are considered.

Taxonomy of pasteurella anatipestifer. 2. Cellular fatty-acid profile by gas chromatography

Methylated cellular fatty acids of representative strains of Pasteurella spp., Moraxella spp., and P. anatipestifer were subjected to gas chromatography in an attempt to further support the independence of P. anatipestifer from both Pasteurella and Moraxella. All Pasteurella spp. and Moraxella spp. revealed group characteristics specific for each genus that could be easily differentiated from the unique profile of P. anatipestifer. All P. anatipestifer strains tested showed similar fatty-acid profiles in gas chromatography, regardless of host of origin.     

小尾寒羊巴氏杆菌病的诊断与治疗

铁岭市某养羊专业户饲养小尾寒羊160只.在饲养期间发现部分羊只有咳嗽、流鼻涕、消瘦、个别孕羊流产、少数羊只造成死亡的疾病，经病羊肺、心、脾、肝等病料进行实验室细菌学检查，诊断为小尾寒羊巴稀薄杆菌病。     

Taxonomy of pasteurella anatipestifer. 1. DNA base composition and DNA-DNA hybridization analysis

DNA was isolated from 15 strains of Pasteurella anatipestifer and from one strain each of Moraxella nonliquefaciens, M. bovis, Pasteurella multocida, P. haemolytica, P. gallinarum, P. pneumotropica, and P. ureae. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of P. anatipestifer ranged from 32 to 35 mole %, whereas those of Moraxella and Pasteurella spp. were much higher, ranging from 40 to 45 mole %. DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that homology of nine P. anatipestifer strains to strains ATCC 11845 and PA 15 was 52 to 100%, whereas homology of Moraxella and Pasteurella strains to these strains was only 3 to 17%. Similarly, homology of P. anatipestifer strains, Moraxella, and Pasteurella species other than P. multocida to P. multocida reference strain P-2192 was low. These results strongly suggest that P. anatipestifer is genetically unrelated to either Pasteurella or Moraxella.     

Aerosol vaccination of calves with pasteurella haemolytica against experimental respiratory disease.

Three experiments were conducted on calves in which the efficacy of vaccination with live Pasteurella haemolytica in aerosol was tested by challenge with sequential aerosol exposure to bovine herpesvirus 1 and P. haemolytica. Neither single nor multiple aerosol vaccinations protected against the experimental disease. Macroscopically recognizable rhinitis, tonsillitis, tracheitis and pneumonia occurred in both controls and vaccinates. In one experiment as many as three aerosol vaccinations with live P. haemolytica for up to 20 minutes failed to elicit clinical signs in exposed calves. Pasteurella haemolytica was isolated less frequently from tissues of vaccinated calves than from those of nonvaccinated calves. Pasteurella haemolytica was isolated from deep nasal swabs of 4/14 vaccinated calves five and six days after viral exposure. It was concluded that although bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccination has been shown previously to prevent the experimental disease produced by bovine herpesvirus 1-P. haemolytica, live P. haemolytica vaccination by aerosol will not provide the same protection.     

复方阿普拉霉素对禽巴氏杆菌的抑菌试验

采用药敏纸法和试管法对禽巴氏杆菌进行体外抑菌试验。结果表明 :阿普拉霉素和恩诺沙星组成的复方制剂对禽巴氏杆菌的 MIC为 1u 1μg/ ml,MBC为 2 u 2 μg/ ml,明显优于阿普拉霉素 (2 .2 5 u/ ml)和恩诺沙星 (MIC为 3.2 μg/ ml)。说明二者组成复方后 ,抗菌活性增强     

小尾寒羊巴氏杆菌病的诊治

辽宁省凌海市某个体养羊专业户饲养600 只4～5月龄的小尾寒羊，2004年4月6日早按安全剂量给全群羊只进行预防性投药，以驱杀体内肝片吸虫，4月7日早发现不同圈舍的个别羊只有呼吸困难、气喘的表现。据统计，600 只羊中有7 只发病，其中4只死亡。在病羊生前对病羊进行了测温，体温高达42℃，其中1 只死亡时从鼻孔流出泡沫样血液。在2 d的病程中，全群羊只饮食欲未见异常，也未见其他明显的临床症状。在此之前没采取任何药物治疗。     

Protective effects of inactivated pasteurella vaccines in specific pathogen free rabbits

Different inactivated P. multocida vaccines were investigated for their protective capacities against experimental infection with virulent P. multocida strains in SPF rabbits. It was found that bacterins without adjuvant and bacterins combined with the adjuvants tested provoked immunity against aerosol infection with homologous strains. However, most bacterins tested caused local tissue irritation. Further work was done with oil adjuvant vaccines because lesions were less severe with this type of vaccine. Some of the multicomponent vaccines tested gave good immunity against heterologous infection, while others did not.     

种鸭多杀性巴氏杆菌病的诊治

多杀性巴氏杆菌病在鸭、鸡、鹅、火鸡等家禽中易发,尤其鸭易感,对未接种禽霍乱疫苗的鸭子致病率很高,日死亡率可高达10%以上,对已接种禽霍乱疫苗的鸭子仍可感染多杀性巴氏杆菌病。笔者在实际工作中遇到一起病例,现将诊治经过报道如下。一、发病情况雷州市某种鸭养殖场,饲养樱桃谷后备种母鸭4000多只,配套种番鸭公鸭200多只,在90日龄时肌注禽霍乱———大肠杆菌二联活菌弱毒苗,每只2毫升,在160日龄再肌注上述二联苗,每只1.5毫升。当饲养到190日龄时发现种鸭拉黄绿色稀便,个别鸭嘴巴、鼻孔、泄殖腔流出淡红色液体,种公鸭发病180只,死亡11只,致…     

产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌研究进展

产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌 (T Pm)是引起猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎的主要病原菌。对 T Pm的检出及高效疫苗的研制是根除猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎的关键。产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌毒素是一种皮肤坏死毒素 ,也是一种活性很强的有丝分裂原 ,单独就可引起细胞 DNA的合成及分裂。基于此毒素的特性 ,已经建立了诸如豚鼠皮肤坏死实验、小鼠致死实验、细胞促生长实验、胎牛肺细胞毒性实验、EL ISA及 PCR等方法来检测产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌。随着人们对产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌毒素活性的研究 ,猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎的疫苗也逐渐向更安全、有效的毒素疫苗发展。文章主要对 T Pm的检测方法、毒素生物学活性及疫苗的发展进行了概述     

间接ELISA在检测巴氏杆菌抗体中封闭条件的选择

间接ELISA在检测抗体中广泛应用,而封闭作为间接ELISA中必不可少的一步可直接影响试验的准确性.利用巴氏杆菌提取的包被抗原,经方阵滴定法确定抗原和血清的最佳工作浓度为1∶400和1∶100.而且通过对几种封闭液分别37℃水浴2h后4℃24h、4℃ 24h、37℃水浴3h封闭对比找出最佳的封闭条件为含0.5%BSA 2%蔗糖的PBS封闭液在37℃水浴2h后4℃24h.     

Effect of pasteurella multocida toxin on in vivo immune responses in piglets

Summary

Atrophic rhinitis is characterized by a lack of an immune response towards Pasteurella multocida toxin (Pm‐T). The effects of intranasal administration of Pm‐T on cellular and T‐cell dependent antibody responses of piglets against various other antigens were studied in a 3 by 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: three levels of challenge with Pm‐T (either once; on three consecutive days; or no Pm‐T challenge), and with or without simultaneous immunization with a ‘cocktail’ containing Keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH), ovalbumin (OA) and tetanus toxoid (TT). Challenge with Pm‐T affected but did not abolish the in vivo humoral immune response against OA, KLH, or TT. Pigs treated once with Pm‐T showed lower total antibody responses, caused by lower IgG responses to the antigens. We found no clear consistent effects of Pm‐T on cellular immune responses to the various T‐cell‐dependent antigens in vitro. The lack of immune responsiveness to Pm‐T in Pm‐T challenged pigs is discussed. The absence of detectable immune responses does not depend on a general suppression of the cellular immune system.     

奶牛多杀性巴氏杆菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌混合感染的实验室诊断

2019年9月,黑龙江省绥化市青冈县某牛场发生一起以奶牛出现体温升高、呼吸困难、不食、流涎、急性胃肠炎和急性死亡为特征的传染病,发病率为31%,病死率为51%,发病牛产奶量急剧下降,经济损失惨重,结合临床诊断和病理解剖、实验室诊断,确诊为多杀性巴氏杆菌和克雷伯氏菌混合感染。药敏试验结果显示,硫酸链霉素、硫酸庆大霉素对多杀氏巴氏杆菌和克雷伯氏菌高度敏感,可用于该病治疗。     

The type 4 fimbrial subunit gene of pasteurella multocida

Colonisation of host tissue by Gram- negative bacteria is facilitated by various adhesins, one of which is type 4 fimbriae (pili). These structures have been associated with pathogenesis in several bacterial species, and have been shown to mediate colonisation of epithelial surfaces. Recently, type 4 fimbriae were identified and characterised from P. multocida strains A, B and D. The type 4 fimbrial subunit protein (PtfA) was identified as an 18-kDa protein which was isolated from whole membrane fractions.We report here the isolation and characterisation of the gene (ptfA) encoding the PtfA protein from P. multocida VP161 (serotype A:1). Part of the gene was cloned on a 2-kb genomic DNA fragment. The complete ptfA gene was obtained using inverse PCR. The gene and its flanking regions were characterised, and the deduced PtfA amino acid sequence was compared to type 4 subunit protein sequences from other bacterial species. The ptfA gene was amplified and sequenced from several P. multocida strains. Comparison of these sequences revealed variation within the type 4 subunit gene of P. multocida.