四川省养牛业发展的历史和现状

<正> 四川省既是全国的一个养猪大省,又是全国的一个养牛大省。牛的发展状况怎么样,需要认真总结。历史上四川省是一个以种植业为主的大省,广大农(牧)民有养牛的习惯。1949年全省牛的存栏数为530万头,其中农区有黄、水牛396万头。从事劳役的牛每头负担40亩农活。不能适应农业经济恢复和发展的需要,在这样的历史条件     

培养冠军犬有绝招

目前最成熟的两大国际犬赛当属AKC赛事和FCI赛事,二者都有100多年的历史。     

国有大、中型鸡场的历史地位与现状及发展策略

近年来,随着社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立,国有大、中型鸡场与某些私营鸡场或中外合资鸡场相比,其优势已大体丧失,内部暴露出来的各种阻碍生产发展与效益提高的矛盾与弊端已越来越明显。毫不讳言,许多国有鸡场的生产经营已经陷入了举步维艰的困境之中。国有大、中型鸡场到底能不能再继续发展了？这一问题已经引起了各界人士的普遍关注。本文拟从国有大、中型鸡场的历史地位与现状的审视,寻求未来发展之策略。发一家之言,抛砖引玉。一、国有大、中型鸡场建立的历史回顾尽管我国庭院式的畜禽饲养具有悠久的历史,但大规模的集约化饲…     

大田槐猪地理标志登记保护与产业开发远景

大田槐猪地理标志登记成功申报,取决于以大田县为养殖核心区域的特定地理位置、自然的生态环境和人文历史、特定的产品品质和风味、广泛的产品知名度和产品发展战略空间。深化大田槐猪地理标志保护工作和综合开发大田槐猪产业,把资源优势转化为经济优势,可实现畜牧业增产增效和农民增收,具有很好的发展前景。     

猪“小挑花”阉割与“大挑花”阉割对比试验报告

阉割术在我国已有两千多年的历史。母猪的阉割方法则有“大挑花”和“小挑花”两种,但具体运用各地均有差异,在长期的实践工作中,多数地区都习惯于采用“大挑     

湖南地方猪—大围子猪种质资源特性调查与研究

对大围子猪产区生态、历史变化、体型外貌、生产性能指标、杂交利用及保种开发进行调查和研究,并对其部分重要经济性状近30年的变化进行对比和分析,以期为大围子猪种质资源及品种的开发利用提供参考依据。     

国家将重点解决大企业债务负担

据有关部门透露,我国将在今后三年内,重点解决大企业和大集团的各种现实困难和历史包袱,实现资本结构优化,资产负债率保持正常水平。同时,在条件具备的地方,争取在两三年内完成国有小企业改革。 当前,国有企业债务负担沉重,国有银行不良债权     

论西部开发中生态建设的重要性

本文通过回顾西部地区辉煌的历史和落后的现状，指出这种历史变迁是由生态环境的恶化造成，从而论述了生态环境建设在西部地区未来发展中的重要性，指明生态环境建设是21世纪西部大开发中可持续发展的源泉。     

国外青贮饲料发展概况和趋势

近些年来,国外乳、肉牛生产发展是迅速的,对饲料的需要量日益增加,由于谷物和蛋白质饲料价格不断上涨,对青贮饲料的需要量也越来越大。青贮饲料在世界各国也有悠久的发展历史。根据历史考证,公元前1000—1500年,古埃及人就采用青贮方法,贮藏饲料。在迦太基     

最遥远的记忆——纪念父亲诞辰100周年

记忆就是每个人的历史,在纷纭繁杂的大千世界和茫茫人海中,没有两个具有自始至终相同经历的人,因此,每个人的记忆就是一部个性化的历史,即使平凡它也弥足珍贵,因为它能反映时代的变迁。在父亲诞辰100周年即将到来时,我在脑海里搜寻,搜寻那些最遥远的与爹有关的记忆……院子我出生在一个大院子里,那是一片用一人多高的红砖墙围起的大院子,6间面南的红砖房,东西近30米,南北有40多米围起一个大院子,     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …