水库黄尾鲴（Xenocypris davidi Bleeker）种群生态学及其数量变动规律的研究

黄尾鲴(Xenocypris davidi Bleeker)广布我国黄河、长江、珠江水系，资源丰富。其主要优点是：群体生殖力强，个体中等大，食性广，生长快，适应性强，在水库中可自然产卵繁殖，肉质特别鲜美。据319个水库的调查资料，它已在我国许多水库逐渐演替为优势种群的经济鱼类之一。     

胡子鲇形态、生殖力和成熟系数的年周期变化的研究

本文根据我们1978-1982年所进行的试验，对广泛分布和养殖于我国南方各地及东南亚各国的淡水鲇类——胡子鲇的形态、生殖力和成熟系数的年周期变化作了分析研究，为进行胡子鲇的人工繁殖提供了理论依据．     

乌江泉水鱼个体生殖力的研究

2011年3-6月和9-12月,在乌江思林江段采集性腺达Ⅲ期的泉水鱼(Pseudogyrinocheilus prochilus)雌鱼个体,测量了卵径,并研究了其个体生殖力及其与多项生物学指标的关系,调查样本由1+～3+龄组成.结果表明,泉水鱼的绝对生殖力(F)平均值为3 606粒,体长相对生殖力(FL)平均值为19.4粒/mm,体重相对生殖力(FW)平均为27.0粒/g;个体绝对生殖力和体长相对生殖力与体重和净体重均呈二次函数相关,与性腺重呈幂函数相关,体重相对生殖力与性腺重和成熟系数分别呈幂函数和对数函数相关.依据卵径频数分布结果推测,泉水鱼属于分批产卵鱼类.     

东海带鱼生殖和补充特征的变动

根据1986—2000年对东海和南黄海渔获带鱼的生物学基础调查，利用世代分析方法计算了东海带鱼的资源数量，分析了东海带鱼生殖和补充特征的变动状况，同时研究了环境与带鱼补充量变动的关系。结果表明，随着捕捞压力的增大，东海带鱼的最小成熟体长、产卵亲体的平均体长、平均体重组成进一步缩小，个体繁殖力提高而卵径变小；实行伏季休渔后，东海带鱼的补充群体数量大幅度增加，单位亲体的补充量比伏休前增加45％～60％，证明了伏季休渔的生态效益；带鱼补充群体数量与亲体数量、海中温度、伏休时间成正比。目前东海带鱼的亲体数量仍显不足，应进一步减少对带鱼的捕捞强度。     

刺参生殖周期的研究

本文根据大连沿海刺参生殖腺的活体观察、分期特征以及生殖腺指数、生殖腺主分枝的最大直径和消化管重量的季节变化，研究了刺参的产卵习性及产卵盛期。通过对生殖腺组织学的研究，论述了刺参的性腺发育阶段及其生殖周期。     

黄海北部日本鳀鱼（Engraulis japonica Houttuyn）生殖习性的初步研究

鳀鱼一年繁殖一次,在一个繁殖期内为分批排卵,一般分2、3次排卵。个体平均怀卵量(卵长径0.3毫米以上)约11000粒,第一次排出40％左右,第二次排出约24％,之后排出的卵粒数很少,残存卵粒被卵巢壁吸收。鳀鱼于4月末至5月初到达辽宁黄海沿岸。5月中、下旬开始产卵。产卵盛期为6月。 7～9月产卵活动继续,但产卵量显著减少。辽宁黄海沿海的中心产卵场在大洋河口～海洋岛一带,其次是大连近海的园岛附近。产卵期间,鳀鱼活动于水深25米以上的水层,产卵盛期水温16°～22℃、盐度28～31‰。鳀鱼1令成熟,寿命大致为三年。生殖鱼群主要是1、2令鱼,约占90％。平均体长110毫米、平均体重(纯重)8.8克。雌雄性比大体各半。     

微型裸腹溞、隆线溞生长、生殖和种群特性的研究

在静置换水30±0.5℃条件下,对微型裸腹溞、隆线溞生物学进行了研究,结果表明:微型裸腹溞有2个幼龄和9个成龄期,寿命为10.6天,累计产卵48个,产卵率(b)为1.0542,种群的内禀增长能力(r_m)、净增率(R_o)、世代平均周期(T)和周限增长率(λ)分别为0.7863、26.33、4.1596日和2.1952/日。其日龄(t)与体长(l_t)之间呈双曲线回归关系:l_t=(t/0.9317t+1.2265)(r=0.9724,在α=0.001水平上显著)。隆线溞3个幼龄和14个成龄,寿命为18.7天,累计产卵366个,产卵率(b)为1.4127,种群的内禀增长能力(r_m)、净增率(R_o)、世代平均周期(T)和周限增长率(λ)分别为0.7247、125.3994、6.6666日和2.0642/日,体长(l_t)增长模型为:l_t=(t/0.2204t+1.5730)(r=0.9976,r 在α=0.001水平上显著)。     

Kisspeptin对鱼类生殖轴的调控机制研究

Kisspeptin(简称Kiss或者Kp)是由KISS1/Kiss1基因编码的一种下丘脑神经肽,通过其受体KissR(也称作GPR54)的介导参与了多种生理过程,如抑制肿瘤转移和参与生殖调控。目前,尽管在鲤形目(Cypriniformes)、鲈形目(Perciforms)、鲽形目(Pleuronectiforms)、鲀形目(Tetraodontiforms)、颌针目(Beloniforms)、鲉形目(Scorpaeniformes)、鲑形目(Salmoniformes)及鳕形目(Gadiformes)等多种鱼类中均鉴定出了kiss/kissr基因,但Kiss/KissR系统在鱼类生殖调控中的精确作用及其分子机制尚未完全阐明。尤其是在鱼类中存在2种kiss及3种kissr基因,Kiss/KissR系统对鱼类生殖调控的作用方式更加复杂。本文简要总结鱼类Kiss及其受体的研究进展,并对Kiss的生理学功能、信号转导机制以及kiss/kissr表达调控研究进行概括讨论,旨在加深对鱼类Kiss/KissR系统的认识和了解,为后续研究指明方向。     

鲶繁殖生物学的研究

嘉陵江鲶的卵母细胞划分为６个时相。第Ⅱ时相卵母细腻外不仅具有质膜，而且还有滤泡膜的结缔组织膜，第Ⅳ时相卵终细腻具漏斗状和精孔及椭圆形的精孔细腻。嘉陵江鲶的成熟年龄大多为１龄。生殖期雌雄经为２：１。繁殖季节中雌鱼的成熟系数高达１４．５％。对鲶进行人工催产，成功地获得了鲶的受精卵。鲶的受精卵圆形、绿色，膨大后其直径为．０５－４．５７ｍｍ。温度在２７．５－３１℃，幼鱼孵出需要２９个小时３０分钟。初孵仔鱼     

促黄体素释放激素类似物和地欧酮诱导鲇排卵和产卵

以珠江和辽河流域的鲇（Silurus asotus)为研究对象，在室内进行了不同组合的激素和药物注射实验，结果表明，注射促黄体素释放激素类似物（LHRH－A）和多巴胺拮抗物地欧酮（DOM）药物组合（LHRH－A＋DOM），剂量为（10ug 5mg)/kg鱼体重，能快速而大量诱导鲇血清促性腺激素（GtH)水平的升高，进而诱导产卵，产卵率为90％，显著高于其他实验组，采用LHRH－A＋DOM药物组合对2926组鲇进行了人工催产，注射剂量为（7ug 5mg)/kg，鱼体重，平均催产率为70％，最高80％，获得鱼苗207万尾。     

鲇鱼淋巴样器官的发育

鲇鱼淋巴样器官的发育ＯＮＴＯＧＥＮＹＯＦＬＹＭＰＨＯＭＹＥＬＯＩＤＯＲＧＡＮＳＩＮＣＡＴＦＩＳＨ（ＳＩＬＵＲＵＳＡＳＯＴＵＳＬ．）￥ＺｈｏｎｇＭｉｎｇｃｈａｏ；ＨｕａｎｇＺｈｅ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ，ＺｈｏｎｇｓｈａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓ...     

鲇仔、稚鱼消化系统胚后发育的组织学观察研究

通过石蜡包埋切片法对鲇(SilurusasotusL.)仔、稚鱼消化系统胚后发育进行了较系统的组织切片观察。本研究描述了全长5.0～22.5mm的鲇摄食器官、消化器官胚后发育的组织学结构特征。观察发现,1～3日龄为内源性营养阶段,卵黄囊很大,2日龄消化道出现裂缝状腔隙,3日龄基本贯通但未开始摄食;4～6日龄为混合营养阶段,卵黄囊被逐步吸收,主要靠吞食轮虫、小型枝角类等为食;6日龄以后卵黄囊消失,进入外源性营养阶段,捕食能力增强。观察还发现,鲇前咽顶壁始终平直无粘膜皱褶;颌齿和咽齿为斜生尖锥状的同型齿,数量多、排列紧密,与相应的骨骼牢固地骨性固着;后咽、食道的粘膜上皮内粘液细胞极多,深层结缔组织肌肉层发达。这些构造适应于鲇的完全吞食摄食方式。胃腔小,前肠膨大、中肠粘膜上皮细胞纹状缘发达,肝脏和胰脏发育速度较快。胃的消化功能较弱,主要储存、消化场所为前肠,吸收场所在中肠。鱼苗4～6日龄下塘适宜,6～8日龄可开始诱其摄食人工饲料。     

Edwardsiella tarda infection in Korean catfish,Silurus asotus,in a Korean fish farm

Mass mortality of Korean catfish, Silurus asotus, occurred in a culture farm situated in Jeollabukdo Province, Korea. The cumulative mortality rates reached up to 5% of the total fish in the farm per day. In clinical signs, the affected fish showed abdominal distension, vent protrusion, enteritis, liver congestion and abscess‐like lesions in enlarged spleen and kidney. Histopathologically, in the liver, hepatocytes lost fat and underwent atrophy or necrosis. The spleen showed necrotized splenocytes and a haemorrhagic pulp. In the kidney, glomerular destruction, degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cell and haemorrhage were observed. However, necrotic muscular lesions were not observed. A pure bacterial isolate was obtained from the liver, spleen and kidney lesions of affected fish. Experimental infection of normal catfish with the isolate resulted in the development of clinical signs similar to those seen on the farm. The isolates were identified as Edwardsiella tarda through biochemical tests (99.4%) and analysis of bacterial genes (16S rDNA) sequences (98%). The bacteria possessed two virulent genes: sodB and katB genes. These results suggest that E. tarda can act as a pathogen of farmed catfish. This is the first report showing that E. tarda caused mortality in cultured Korean catfish.     

Haematological and biochemical alterations in Korean catfish, Silurus asotus, experimentally infected with Edwardsiella tarda

This study determined the haematological changes in Korean catfish, Silurus asotus , experimentally infected with Edwardsiella tarda . Twenty-four or 48 h after infection with 1 × 10⁴ colony-forming units (CFU) mL⁻¹ of E. tarda , the fish were anaesthetized and the blood was collected. The haematological and biochemical tests included haematocrit (Ht), haemoglobin (Hb), leucocyte counts (Lc), total calcium (Ca), total protein (TP) concentration, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose (GLU), aspartate aminotransferase, lysozyme and differential leucocyte populations. After 24- and 48-h infection, the values of Ht, Hb, Lc, TP, ALP and GLU were significantly decreased with respect to the control. Aspartate aminotransferase and lysozyme activity in both the 24- and 48-h groups exhibited higher levels compared with those in the control. However, the bacterial infection did not induce any significant alteration in the Ca concentration. After the 48-h infection, neutrophils and macrophage populations were reduced whereas lymphocytes were increased with respect to those in the control and the 24-h infection groups. The present study demonstrates that E. tarda infection causes haemato-biochemical responses that are related to the general physiological condition and defence system in catfish.     

杂交鲶(怀头鲶♀×鲶♂)人工繁殖与苗种培育技术

采用捕自黑龙江水域的怀头鲶为母本，鲶鱼为父本，应用自制催产药物DOS与LRH-A2、HCG进行人工催产，使催产率、受精率分别达到92％和88％。20-21．5℃水温条件下43h孵化出苗，孵化率75％。出膜仔鱼体长3．93mm，7．83mm下塘，池塘培育8天达到34．08mm，培育成活率50％。     

怀头鲇、鲇及其杂交F↓（1）肝、胰脏胚后发育及卵黄吸收方式

利用形态学和组织连续切片技术,对怀头鲇（Silurus soldatovi）、鲇（Silurus asotus）及其杂交F1的肝、胰脏胚后发育和卵黄吸收方式进行对比观察.结果表明,3种鲇出膜后约2天在心脏后方有一肝细胞团,3天后肝细胞团逐步增大,4天后肝分叶.以后随着各种鲇生长速度不同肝、胰脏发育程度也不同.3种鲇的胰脏均为紧凑型,卵黄囊依照先卵黄球、后脂肪的顺序被吸收,3种鲇只有怀头鲇和杂交F1代卵黄吸收方式相同.出膜后4天,各鲇的卵黄均被全部吸收,腹腔上部大部分空间为肝脏占有,同时腹腔内出现结构简单的胃及肠.研究还发现肝脏的发育与卵黄囊密切有关.[中国水产科学,2006,13（3）：460-465]     

Reproductive cycle and human chorionic gonadotropin-induced ovulation in hatchery reared Japanese catfish Silurus asotus

ABSTRACT:   The annual reproductive cycle, including the first maturity of ovarian development and plasma levels of testosterone (T) and estradiol-17β (E2), was examined in female Japanese catfish Silurus asotus reared under natural conditions. In addition, the possible period that final oocyte maturation and ovulation can be induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection were investigated. Results showed that female Japanese catfish matured 1 year after hatching under reared conditions. The beginning of vitellogenesis was in March and ovarian development and plasma T and E2 levels peaked in June. Thereafter, the gonadosomatic index gradually decreased to October and regression of oocytes at the tertiary yolk globule stage was observed. Female Japanese catfish could be induced to final oocyte maturation and ovulation by hCG treatment during the period from June to September. In addition, the fertilization rates were relatively high and stable during this period. These results suggest that yearling female Japanese catfish can be used as brood stock for seed production. This is the first study to investigate the annual reproductive cycle in Japanese catfish. These data will provide useful information regarding brood stock management and seed production.     

鲶生长激素基因cDNA的克隆和原核表达

从脑垂体中提取总RNA,用RT-PCR扩增并克隆到鲶鱼的生长激素(GH)基因cDNA。分析其核苷酸序列和推测的氨基酸序列,结果显示:鲶鱼生长激素基因的开放阅读框(ORF)包括603个核苷酸;编码200个氨基酸;其中包括22个氨基酸的信号肽和178个氨基酸的成熟肽。把GH成熟肽的cDNA克隆入表达载体pET-28 a,用IPTG诱导重组蛋白的表达,其表达量超过细胞蛋白总量的50%,主要为不溶性的包含体。细菌裂解液沉淀溶于8 mol/L尿素后,用固定化金属配体亲和层析纯化,获得分子量为22.5 kD的单一蛋白带。