Quality control of card web uniformity for a vertical-type cross-lapper machine. I. Dynamic system modeling and industrial controller design

This series of paper addressed the quality control of a vertical-type cross-lapper machine, which is used to produce uniform layers of fibers with suitable widths and thicknesses. The nonlinear model of the system was derived, and the corresponding state space representation was obtained. The linearized model based on the equilibrium position of the nonlinear model was generated, and the associated control property was analyzed. The high order linearized model would be reduced to a verified lower order model for control system design. The designed traditional and modern controller could make the crosslapper machine for good card web quality control.     

Dynamic modeling of dry non-woven fabric roller carding and control of web density uniformity. I. Precisely industrial controller design

This series of paper discussed the dynamic modeling of non-woven fabric roller carding and the control of web density uniformity. The dynamic system of dry non-woven fabric roller carding was set up to analyze the dynamic model; then in the process of derivation, theoretical exploration and studies were carried out on one carding unit in the system, consisting of cylinder, worker roller, stripper roller. After that, we probed into the relation between rotation angle and angular velocity of carding unit, and analyzed the time-delay of carding unit. With Pade approximation, the time-delay was taken as the simplification of the system model. The above conditions were utilized to derive the transfer function of carding unit and it was extended to the dry non-woven fabric roller carding system combining four of carding units, feed roller, take-in and doffer in series to obtain the transfer function of this whole system. After confirmed by the designed controller, the system was obviously improved in its tracking property. The steady-state error was also eliminated. Meanwhile, with the participation of the controller, this system might produce the maximum overshoot during its transient response. Therefore, this research regulated the reference input according to the designed dominant poles. This combination scheme effectively control the occurrence of the maximum overshoot and make for good system objectives.     

The effects of cover cropping on yield and weed control of potato in a transitional system

Cover cropping can have various beneficial effects to the cropping system such us the increase of soil nutrient content and weed suppression. In this respect, the species used for covering is of great importance. This paper reports results on the yield and weed control effects in potato crops preceded by different cover crops over a 2-year period (2003 and 2004) in Central Italy (Viterbo). Results were obtained in the frame of a more complex study set up in 2002 where in a 3-year chick-pea/potato/tomato rotation, each crop was preceded by 7 different soil managements: 5 cover crops (rapeseed, Italian ryegrass, hairy vetch, snail medick and subclover) + 1 unfertilised weedy fallow (cover crop absent) + 1 control (weedy fallow fertilised with mineral N at a rate of 170 kg ha⁻¹ for potato). Two different weed control regimes in potato were also applied [weed-free crop (1 inter-row hoeing + 1 hilling up + manual weeding on the row); mechanical control (1 inter-row hoeing + 1 hilling up)]. Cover crops were sown in September and cut and ploughed just before potato planting in March. The potato crops following the cover crops were only fertilised with green manure. Averaged over years, all the cover crops produced more above-ground dry biomass than the weedy fallow (4.79 t ha⁻¹ on average vs 2.36 t ha⁻¹). Hairy vetch and subclover accumulated the highest N in the incorporated biomass (169 and 147 kg ha⁻¹), followed by snail medick (108), rapeseed (99), ryegrass (88) and weedy fallow (47). Rapeseed and ryegrass were the most efficient weed suppressors and had the least proportion of weed biomass (<1%) of the total produced by the cover, while they also reduced weed emergence in the following potato crops (8.8 plants m⁻²vs 25.5 plants m⁻² with all other cover crops). Following subclover and hairy vetch the potato crop yield was similar to that obtained by mineral N-P-K fertilisation (48.5 t ha⁻¹ of fresh marketable tubers). Mechanical weed control compared to weed free crop always reduced potato yield and the reduction, averaged over years, was greater in N-P-K mineral fertilised control (−23.6%) and smaller in ryegrass (−7.9%).     

Mathematical modeling for extraction of essential oil from Baccharis spp. by steam distillation

Baccharis (Compositae-Asteraceae) is a large genus of plants distributed from the USA to Argentina, of which 90% are located in South America. In recent decades, species of the genus have been studied, due to their importance as sources of novel active components with possible applications in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. This work studied three species of Baccharis: Baccharis uncinella DC, Baccharis anomala DC and Baccharis dentata (Vell) G.M. Barroso collected in São Francisco de Paula in southern Brazil. The aim of this work is the evaluation of the aromatic potential of the essential oil obtained by steam distillation method and the simulation of the extraction data by means of a mathematical model. A mathematical model based on mass transfer fundamentals is developed and applied to correlate the experimental data. This model is based on the existence of the broken and intact cells, in which the oil located in the broken cells is rapidly extracted and the oil from intact cells diffuses slowly to the surface of the vegetal material. The analysis of the essential oil was carried through by GC-MS and the major compounds identified to both processes were α-pinene, β-pinene, and spathulenol (B. uncinella), spathulenol, β-caryophyllene, and β-selinene (B. anomala), and germacrene-D, caryophyllene oxide, and spathulenol (B. dentata).     

Determination of the potential land for securing double-rice cropping in the Cambodian Mekong Delta,based on a sub-area based modeling of flood inundation

Inundated areas of the Mekong Delta are the most important regions for agricultural production in both Cambodia and Vietnam. With population growth and increasing water demand in the dry season, effectively managing available water in the region is vital for crop production. This study is aimed at developing a sub-area based modeling of flood inundation model in order to analyze flood inundation processes in the Cambodian Mekong Delta as a basis for introducing semi-flood control for new cropping systems such as double-rice cropping. The simulated results of the flood inundation model from 2002 to 2003 were utilized for estimating land appearance in the dividing sub-area, and the potential of securing land for double-rice cropping was determined based on the period of land appearance and the cropping schedule. In order to realize the available water for double cropping, consideration of the effect of operating canal gates for controlling the early and receding inundation are crucially necessary. By considering the operation of control gates facilities, the potential land for securing double-rice cropping exceeded about 50 km² compared to the 34 km² of the actual land used for recession rice (about 30 and 20% of the total selected area, respectively). The study confirms that the sub-area based modeling of inundation model can be a helpful tool for water management in the Cambodia Mekong Delta.     

浅谈茶园病虫害绿色防控技术

该文阐述了茶园病虫害的发生特点与防治现状,提出了采用农业综合防治、物理防治、生物防治、化学防治等绿色防控相关措施.     

Real-time estimation and irregularity control of the sliver draft system

High regularity is important in manufacturing spun yarn. Among controllers used in regularity control, existing PID controller is suitable for linear time-invariant systems but not for the control of sliver draft systems with non-linear characteristic. Thus, the present study designed a knowledge-based fuzzy controller in consideration of disturbance and non-linear characteristic of sliver draft systems. RLS (Recursive Least Squares) was used as an estimation algorithm to formulate a model used in computer simulation for implementing the controller, and real time estimation was made using real data from draft systems to get a model close to actual systems. This research used a estimation model in designing a knowledge-based controller that minimizes the variation of control response to the sliver linear density of the system, and the result of linear density control was used to prove the superiority of the controller in control performance through CV%.     

不同施药器械、施药方法防治稻纵卷叶螟效果试验

2010年在长汀县以3wH-36"华盛泰山"牌担架式动力喷雾机、3WF-950"华盛泰山"牌背负式喷雾机、20型电动式喷雾器、3W8S-16型手动喷雾器进行不同施药器械、施药方法防治稻纵卷叶螟的试验.结果表明,3WF-950背负式喷雾机不仅省时省工,而且防治的效果显著高于20型电动喷雾器和3W8S-16型手动喷雾器,是...     

Intelligence control of on-line dynamic gray cloth inspecting machine system module design. I. Tension controller design

Tension is very closely related with fabric inspection quality, as not well controlled tension of gray cloth will lead to stretch, relax or fold of gray cloth, so that no sharpest image can be taken. Now that gray cloth tension and convey speed are related with taking sharp image, so this study attempts to design a gray cloth tension control module, develop the intelligent online dynamic gray cloth defect automatic detection system. Gray cloth tension control module makes direct regulation of structural tension of feed and wind rolls and conveys speed control module by load cell coupled with A/D, D/A signal conversion and two sets of inverters. This study utilized fuzzy control theory to design controller so as to keep surface tension consistency of gray cloth, improve recognition rate of gray cloth defect, so that the system can have high action efficiency. In previous fuzzy controller designs, membership functions were often designed by means of trial-and-error method, which usually cost much time. This study used Taguchi method to make membership function programming, and made main effect analysis to choose a group of optimal membership function combination. Through systematized, efficient experimental design, tension controller designed in this study could stabilize gray cloth tension very soon, and acquire sharp gray cloth image.     

大豆根腐病的识别与防治

介绍了大豆根腐病的主要种类与症状识别,分析了大豆根腐病的发生规律,提出了大豆根腐病的综合控制措施。     

Combining residues of herb crops with soil heating for control of soilborne pathogens in a controlled laboratory system

Plant residues from herb crops were examined as organic amendments for the control of soilborne pathogens with and without soil heating for a short exposure of 2 weeks. Residues of herbaceous plants of oregano, sage, rosemary, tarragon, bay, wild rocket, spearmint and thyme were incubated for 14 days in a controlled laboratory system which emulates soil solarization. Green cabbage residues were included for comparison. The tested pathogens included Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani and Meloidogyne javanica. Heating soil amended with herb residues, particularly tarragon, spearmint and wild rocket, resulted in high mortality of the tested pathogens. Volatile compounds which were generated in heated soils amended with wild rocket or tarragon showed significant toxicity to M. phaseolina and R. solani. Only oregano, thyme, bay, wild rocket and tarragon amendments were effective in pathogen control without heating. Incorporation of leaf and stem residues of thyme, sage, tarragon, rosemary or wild rocket in soil and exposure to solarization under field conditions resulted in 95-100% mortality of the tested pathogen. This study demonstrates that the residues from herb crop production can serve as organic amendments for the control of soilborne pathogens, especially when combined with heating or solarization.     

我国甜菜病虫草害种类分布及化学防治历程

我国甜菜三北产区,苗期发生的主要害虫有5种,其中以象虫为害最重,东北产区的优势种为蒙古土象,华北、西北产区的优势种为甜菜象;生长中期发生的主要害虫有8种;生长后期发生的主要害虫有7种,其中以甘蓝夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾为害最重。各甜菜主产区普遍发生的病害种类有:立枯病、根腐病、丛根病、褐斑病;普遍发生的甜菜草害种类有:稗草、柳叶刺蓼、反枝苋。在今后一段时期内,甜菜病虫草害的防治应以化学防治为主,生物防治为辅;化学防治应以高效低毒农药为主导;应加强种衣剂的研制、开发、应用,提倡混合施药。     

大豆地下害虫生物生态控制

针对大豆一般地下害虫为害特点、主要种类生活习性,采取相应的生物生态控制策略进行归纳总结,充分利用自然资源———植物源农药、昆虫病原微生物、天敌进行生物防治,利用生态措施对大豆地下害虫进行控制,为大豆生产实践提供参考。     

德化县油茶主要病虫害及其综合防治

根据近3年的实践,总结、分析了德化县油茶发生的5种主要病虫害,即炭疽病、软腐病、煤烟病、茶籽象甲和油茶毒蛾的发生、分布和主要特点;结合地方气候特征,构建了12-3月、4-7月和8-11月三个阶段,针对5种主要病虫害采用营林、生物和化学手段的9条年事综合管理措施,实现防治区主要病虫害发生率2%以下,直接经济效益提高37.5%。     

泗棉3号的超高产栽培调控技术研究

本文围绕泗棉３号研究了因种高产栽培的调控技术。所获主要结果如下：泗棉３号在超高产水平下以较低的群体起点，配以科学的肥料运筹，能够调节棉株生理机能，改善叶层与叶角分布，增加光合能力，积累更多的干物质并以较大的比例分配到生殖器官中去，增加成铃数量。     

我国蔗区草地贪夜蛾发生动态监测与防控措施

草地贪夜蛾是联合国粮农组织全球预警的重大迁飞性害虫之一,具有寄主广泛性、适生区域广、迁飞能力强等特点,存在暴发为害甘蔗的灾害性威胁。2019年,云南景谷、陇川、耿马、勐海、盈江、澜沧甘蔗产区相继发现草地贪夜蛾危害甘蔗,发生面积1232.81hm^2、成灾面积415.67hm^2,最高百株虫口数32.3头。结合我国蔗区甘蔗生产实际,抓住低龄幼虫防治关键期,加强普查,通过科学引导,采取生态调控、天敌保护利用、生物防治、药剂防治和成虫诱杀等防控措施,实现草地贪夜蛾防治处置率≥90%,绿色防控技术应用比例≥30%,综合防控效果达到85%,危害损失率控制在8%以内的目标。     

Efficacy of a new glyphosate formulation for weed control in maize in southwest Nigeria

A field trial in 2003 and 2004 assessed the efficacy of a new formulation of glyphosate, Touchdown Forte HiTech (glyphosate-TF) and two older versions, Roundup (glyphosate-RP) and Touchdown (glyphosate-TD) for weed control in Nigeria. Treatments were glyphosate-TF at 0.25–1.25 kg a.i./ha, glyphosate-RP at 1.8 kg a.i./ha, and glyphosate-TD at 1.0 kg a.i./ha. Weeded and unweeded treatments were controls. Visual evaluations of weed control at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment (WAT) in both years indicated that glyphosate-TF at all doses gave moderate to complete control of all major weeds (50–100%). At 4 WAT, control of Ageratum conyzoides L., Commelina benghalensis L., Ipomoea involucrata P. Beauv., Brachiaria comota [Hochst ex A. Rich] stapf, and Acalypha ciliata Forssk was at a level similar to that in the weeded control. In 2003, all herbicide formulations and the weeded control reduced Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. shoot dry biomass to the same level at 8 WAT (91–100%) and at maize harvest (83–88%). In 2004, 0.50–1.25 kg a.i./ha of glyphosate-TF and 1.8 kg a.i./ha of glyphosate-RP gave 95% reduction at 8 WAT and 97% at harvest, similar to the weeded control. Maize grain yield in the weeded control and herbicide treatments was 2.8 times higher than that in the unweeded control in both years. These results indicate that glyphosate-TF is effective for weed control in maize at herbicide doses lower than the older formulations.     

暹罗芽孢杆菌ZHX-10的分离鉴定及其对花生白绢病的生防效果

为筛选可用于防治花生白绢病的生防菌株,采用稀释涂布平板法,从土传病害发生严重的花生田中分离 获得了1 株拮抗细菌ZHX-10,结合形态学观察、生理生化鉴定及16S rDNA、gyrB 序列分析对其进行了种类鉴定,并 初步测定了ZHX-10的菌悬液、挥发性气体、发酵液对白绢病菌的抑制效果。结果表明：ZHX-10菌株为暹罗芽孢杆 菌Bacillus siamensis,其菌悬液、挥发性气体和发酵液均能有效抑制白绢病菌菌丝的生长;同时离体叶片接菌实验发 现ZHX-10菌悬液产生的挥发性气体能够有效降低白绢病的发病情况。研究结果表明,ZHX-10 在白绢病菌生物 防治中具有较好的应用潜力和较高的研究价值。     

香蕉幼苗对重金属Pb的吸收累积规律研究

研究重金属Pb在土壤-香蕉幼苗体系中的迁移分配规律。以沙质砖红壤为供试土壤，以香蕉幼苗为试验植物，采用实验室盆栽模拟试验进行研究。结果表明：Pb进入土壤后，从土壤向根系、茎、叶迁移，组织中Pb含量逐渐减少，表现为根系＞茎＞叶；不同Pb处理浓度对香蕉苗体内Pb富集效果有较大影响，随着Pb处理浓度的增加，香蕉苗各部位富集系数呈现先增后减的趋势，并在100 mg/kg处理时达到最大值；不同处理的香蕉苗各部位富集系数表现为根系＞茎＞叶。香蕉苗不同部位吸收累积重金属Pb大部分在根部，向茎和叶迁移的量较小。     

武夷山珍稀动植物管理信息系统

运用Arc GIS 9.0、Microsoft Access 2003、ASP（Active Server Pages）、Adobe Photoshop、FrontPage 2003、Java等软件建立了武夷山珍稀动植物管理信息系统。本系统分静态页面和动态页面,共生成“系统简介”、“珍稀动物管理”、“珍稀植物管理”、“武夷山珍稀动植物分布图”、“生物图片”6个模块,为有效地保护和管理武夷山珍稀动植物提供依据和交流平台。