美蔷薇花粉离体萌发条件及贮藏特性研究

以美蔷薇花粉为试验材料,研究不同营养组分配比对花粉萌发及不同贮藏条件对花粉活力的影响.结果表明,蔗糖、H3 BO3、CaCl2、MgSO4·7 H2 O、KNO3等5因子均对美蔷薇花粉萌发率及花粉管伸长有显著影响;美蔷薇花粉最佳萌发培养基为100 g·L-1蔗糖+0.1 g·L-1 H3 BO3+0.3 g·L-1 M...     

甜柿花粉萌发及贮藏特性研究

以甜柿“禅寺丸”花粉为试料,研究了不同蔗糖浓度,不同硼酸浓度,不同酸碱度,不同培养温度以及不同贮藏条件对“禅寺丸”花粉发芽的影响。试验结果表明：“禅寺丸”花粉最适培养条件为25℃下培养基附加10%蔗糖,50mg/L硼酸,pH值6,该培养条件下花粉萌发率达到最大值69.53%;适宜的花粉贮藏条件依次为：-20℃冷冻干燥,-20℃冷冻,4℃冷藏干燥,4℃冷藏,常温干燥和室温保存。此研究可为甜柿生产上的花粉贮藏和人工授粉提供参考依据。     

木薯淀粉分支酶SBEⅠ反义基因遗传转化木薯的研究

旨在获得转淀粉分支酶反义SBEⅠ基因的‘华南木薯8号’转基因植株,为利用转基因技术改良木薯淀粉品质打下基础。在建立了木薯从胚状体子叶到完整植株的再生体系的基础上,用块根特异表达启动子Sporamin驱动的木薯淀粉分支酶SBEⅠ反义基因,通过农杆菌介导法对‘华南木薯8号’进行遗传转化。共接种‘华南木薯8号’子叶517块,获得7株生长良好的转化再生植株,转化再生频率达到1.35%。经PCR检测,其中5株转化再生植株扩增出目的条带,初步证实木薯淀粉分支酶SBEⅠ反义基因已整合进了‘华南木薯8号’基因组中。通过农杆菌介导法可以将淀粉分支酶SBEⅠ反义基因导入到‘华南木薯8号’基因组中,获得了5株转基因植株。     

凤仙花种子的贮藏和萌发特性研究

通过比较普通开放式贮藏、0～4℃冷冻贮藏和硅胶干燥贮藏条件下的凤仙花种子的活力和细胞膜完整性的变化,发现硅胶干燥贮藏能保持凤仙花种子较高的活力,是一种理想的贮藏方法。     

茉莉花粉离体培养萌发及花粉管生长特性研究

为了揭示茉莉花粉育性并为其活力检测提供一种高效方法,研究了取粉时间、基本培养基种类及不同添加物浓度、pH值、温度、光照、时间等因素对花粉离体培养萌发和花粉管生长的影响,并应用扫描电子显微镜观察了花粉在柱头上的萌发情况,以对检测方法进行验证。结果显示,早上8：00-9：00所取花粉活力最高,适宜萌发的培养基为BK（成分为100 mg/L的H3BO3、100 mg/L的KNO3、200 mg/L的MgSO4·7H2O和300 mg/L的Ca（NO3）2·4H2O）＋蔗糖80 g/L＋PEG4000120 g/L,适宜的pH值6．0,最佳培养温度为25～30℃、光照为35～50μmol/（ m2· s）、时间为3～4 h。相关性分析发现,花粉萌发和花粉管生长均与光照强度和培养时间呈极显著正相关（P＜0．01）,与培养基pH值呈正相关、与蔗糖和PEG4000浓度均呈负相关、与培养温度分别呈负相关和正相关,但相关性均未达显著水平（P＞0．05）。研究表明,茉莉花粉总体上活力较低,离体培养萌发不失为一种简单、快速、可靠的检测方法,但应注意对培养条件的选择和优化以达到最佳效果。     

药用植物盘龙参种子形态、萌发及贮藏的初步研究

对盘龙参种子的形态、萌发及贮藏条件进行初步研究,结果表明,种子的长度0.167～0.218 mm、胚长0.091 8～0.115mm、胚宽0.039～0.056 mm;种子萌发时首先形成类原球茎,在其表面附有菌丝;再分化芽与根,根上具有根毛;由种子萌发到3片叶子小苗,需要约40 d;不同贮藏温度对种子萌发率影响存在差异,4℃下有利于保持新鲜种子的萌发。     

禺毛茛种子贮藏与萌发特性的研究

通过设置不同的温度、光照、浸种和贮藏条件,研究禺毛茛种子的萌发特性和贮藏习性.结果表明,禺毛茛种子为光敏性种子,种子的发芽适温为15/25℃变温.新鲜的禺毛茛种子存在休眠现象,用清水和不同浓度的GA3溶液进行浸种未能打破其种子的休眠,而种子在贮藏1个月后休眠得到解除.低温和湿沙贮藏均有利于禺毛茛种子的萌发.     

人造肥牛脂肪稳定性及贮藏性研究

对人造肥牛脂肪的稳定性及贮藏性进行了研究。结果表明,肥牛脂肪在室温下6h内可以保持较高的乳化稳定性,在贮藏期内(温度为4℃,21d),乳化稳定性保持在80%以上。对肥牛脂肪酸价、过氧化值、细菌总数进行分析。结果表明,肥牛脂肪在冷藏过程中酸价、氧化稳定性、微生物稳定性均有所下降,但仍符合食用标准。     

果梅花粉离体萌发及花粉管生长影响因子的研究

研究了果梅 (PrunusmumeSieb etZucc)花粉在不同温度、湿度条件下贮藏后以及在不同培养基组分、pH值和湿度条件下花粉萌发和花粉管生长特性。结果表明 ,花粉萌发及花粉管生长最适宜的液体培养基为 10 %蔗糖 ,0 0 1%硼酸 ,15 %PEG - 40 0 0 ,0 0 7?(NO3 ) 2 ·4H2 O ,0 0 2 %MgSO4·7H2 O ,pH值以 6 0～ 6 5为宜 ;在该培养基上果梅花粉萌发率为 6 2 % ,花粉管生长长度为 4 2 9μm。适宜于花粉萌发和花粉管生长的空气相对湿度约为 80 %。随着贮藏时间的延长 ,花粉活力逐渐下降 ,但下降的速度因贮藏温度及湿度不同而异 ,如在 2 5℃条件下贮藏 1个月的花粉就已完全丧失萌芽力 ,在 5℃条件下贮藏 1个月的花粉的萌芽率仍有 2 0 % ,而在 - 2 0℃条件下贮藏 2个月后 ,其萌发率也几乎不降低 ,此外 ,贮藏空间的相对湿度越小 ,越有利于花粉的长期贮藏。     

西南紫薇种子贮藏与萌发特性的研究

本文就温度、光照、土壤水分对西南紫薇（Lagestroemia intermedia Koehne）种子萌发的影响及种子贮藏进行了研究，结果表明，西南紫薇种子具有明显的光促进萌发特性，并表现出温度对光照的补偿表明；在周期性光照条件下，最适宜萌发温度为25℃～30℃；在全黑暗条件下，则为30℃；土壤水分条件以15%～60%为佳；其种子耐脱水、耐低温、耐贮藏，可以用种子库常规的种子保存技术实现长期保存。研究认为，目前西南紫薇的濒危状态主要是由于其生境遭受破坏造成的，该物种宜采取就地保护、迁地保护和种子保存相结合的方法进行种质资源保存。     

Production of somatic hybrid plants between Iris ensata Thunb. and I. germanica

Wide hybridization that cannot be attained through conventional sexual crosses, can now be approached by somatic hybridization. Protoplasts of I. ensata and I. germanica were fused by electrofusion. For the selection of somatic hybrids, protoplasts of I. ensata which did not form colonies in protoplast culture and protoplasts of I. germanica which had regeneration ability for only albino shoot were used in symmetric fusion. On the other hand, the protoplasts of I. ensata and I. germanica protoplasts which were inactivated by iodoacetamide (IOA) treatment were used in asymmetric fusion. Five-six months after cell fusion, green plants were obtained in the symmetric and asymmetric fusion. In the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, the green plants had bands specific to both parental species. Therefore, these plants were somatic hybrids between I. ensata and I. germanica. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Anthocyanin-flavone copigmentation in bluish purple flowers of Japanese garden iris (Iris ensata Thunb.)

The in vitro identification of copigmentation was carried out using anthocyanins, such as malvidin 3RGac5G, petunidin 3RGac5G and delphinidin 3RGac5G and the flavone isovitexin. These are major pigments of Iris ensata. These anthocyanins brought about copigmentation, i.e., the bathochromic shift (bluing effect) of visible λ max due to increased concentrations of isovitexin, and 32 to 35 nm were estimated as the magnitude (Δλ max) of each shift. In addition, the absorption spectrum of 0.1 mM malvidin 3RGac5G, 0.07 mM petunidin 3RGac5G and 0.7 mM isovitexin mixture closely matched those of the fresh outer perianths of the bluish purple cultivars, ‘Suiten-isshoku’, ‘Hekikai’ and ‘Yakonotama’ which belong to the malvidin 3RGac5G - petunidin 3RGac5G type of I. ensata. Therefore, these results indicated that the bluing effect on the flower color of the bluish purple cultivars of this species was caused at least in part by the copigmentation between these anthocyanins and the flavone isovitexin. For the copigment effects of isovitexin among malvidin 3RGac5G, petunidin 3RGac5G and delphinidin 3RGac5G, λ max and Δλ max of delphinidin 3RGac5G was slightly higher than those of malvidin 3RGac5G or petunidin 3RGac5G, and the copigmentation of delphinidin 3RGac5G was characterized by a higher concentration of isovitexin. Finally, the breeding for blue flowers due to copigmentation of delphinidin 3RGac5G with isovitexin in I. ensata was discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The characterization of autoallotetraploid hybrids between Iris ensata Thunb. and I. laevigata Fisch.

The characteristics of autoallotetraploid hybrids obtained from the cross between Iris ensata cv. Raspberry Rimmed (4X) and amphidiploids of I. laevigata × I. ensata were examined and compared with those of their parents. The color of inner and outer perianths in the autoallotetraploids were bluish purple and similar to those of the amphidiploid parent. However, the autoallotetraploids exhibited low pollen fertility. In addition, the autoallotetraploids were characterized by 17 or 19 anthocyanins and had high resemblance to their parents in the anthocyanin expression. Among these anthocyanins, malvidin 3RGac5G and petunidin 3RGac5G were regarded as major anthocyanins in the autoallotetraploids and their parents, but the differences in the ratios of malvidin 3RGac5G:petunidin 3RGac5G between the autoallotetraploids and their parents were ca. 2:1 for the former and ca. 1:1 for the latter. No viable hybrid seeds were obtained from the reciprocal crosses between I. ensata (2X and 4X) and the autoallotetraploids. Finally, the interspecific cross-breeding of I. ensata using the autoallotetraploids is discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

四种鸢尾属植物种子休眠和萌发研究

燕子花(Iris laeviga ta)、玉蝉花(Iris ensa ta)、溪荪(Iris sanguinea)、黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus)是鸢尾科4种喜水湿植物。经萌发实验证明,除溪荪种子没有休眠外,其它3种种子都有休眠。经去除种皮、低温沙藏、赤霉素处理和胚培养4种处理,证明燕子花、玉蝉花、黄菖蒲中抑制种子萌发的主要因素是胚乳。不同种打破休眠的有效方法不同,其中50 mg/L GA3处理可提高黄菖蒲种子的发芽率,达到84.4%,而低温沙藏30 d可使玉蝉花种子的发芽率达到94.4%,低温沙藏90 d则可提高燕子花的发芽率达到87.8%。     

洋水仙花粉生活力的测定方法初探

以洋水仙品种‘Albany’、‘Mount Hood’、‘Geranium’的新鲜花粉为试材,采用TTC染色法、醋酸洋红染色法和离体萌发测定法来测定其生活力,以探寻测定水仙花粉生活力的最适方法。结果表明：醋酸洋红染色法和离体萌发测定法均能够准确测定出水仙花粉生活力,而TTC染色法不适合用于洋水仙花粉活力的测定,其中醋酸洋红染色法适用于洋水仙的花粉生活力快速测定,而离体萌发测定法则适合于洋水仙的花粉生活力准确测定。经过对9种培养液组合的方差分析显示：0.1g/ml蔗糖+0.1×10-3g/ml硼酸为最佳培养液组合。     

芋花粉活力测定及最佳贮藏方法的选择

为确保芋杂交育种实验的有效开展,研究芋花粉活力测定和花粉贮藏的方法。实验结果表明,柱头稀释液培养法和培养基萌发法均能有效测定芋的花粉活力;芋花粉萌发的最佳培养基配方是:10 mg/L硼酸+0.01%无水氯化钙+5%蔗糖。芋花粉的寿命短,但不同芋品种的花粉寿命不同;芋花粉在15%空气湿度或-20℃干燥条件下可以贮藏相对较长的时间。     

In vitro propagation of Japanese garden iris,Iris ensata Thunb.

Summary Explants of young scapes of Iris ensata were cultured on MS medium with 1 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l 6-BA, 30 g/l sucrose and 10 g/l agar, and this species was characterized by high variety specificity for callus, shoot and root induction. Among 23 varieties and one wild form tested, Okichidori, Miyukisudare and Meiji-l exhibited a considerable rate of shoot induction, although these induced poorly rooted shoots. In addition, two types of callus induction such as green and white calli were observed, and the induction of green-type calli was significantly correlated with that of shoots. Surprisingly, the only modification, half-strength MS inorganic salts, for the above medium proved to be very effective for shoot induction in the scape culture. For shoots obtained from the scape culture, effects of sucrose concentrations and activated charcoal on root induction were examined by using 1/2 MS with 1 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l 6-BA, 30 g/l sucrose and 10 g/l agar as the basic medium. The addition of 1% activated charcoal to the media had a marked effect for root induction independent of sucrose concentrations and varieties tested. The in vitro propagation technique of I. ensata is discussed.     

美国梾木(Cornus spp.)花粉活力及萌发特性

为了了解美国梾木花粉活力及萌发特性,采用扫描电镜技术对13个美国梾木无性系花粉形态进行观测与方差分析,并采用荧光显微技术和TTC染色法对无性系2号花粉萌发特性及花粉活力进行观察。结果显示:(1)不同无性系间花粉大小差异不显著,但外壁纹饰差异较大,极面沟距的变异系数最高且遗传最为稳定。(2)花序开花率为75%时花粉活力最高,整花4℃条件下短期保存花粉活力较高。(3)授粉后,多数花粉可在柱头上正常萌发,72 h后花粉管即可进入子房。研究认为,花粉外壁及极面沟距可作为鉴定美国梾木无性系的形态指标,美国梾木花粉活力及萌发特性是抗逆及丰产杂交组合的重要保证。     

Chromosome associations and crossability with Iris ensata Thunb. in induced amphidiploids of I. laevigata Fisch. × I. ensata

Summary The chromosome associations of amphidiploids of I. laevigata × I. ensata were analysed and compared with those of the parental species and F₁ hybrids of I. laevigata × I. ensata. The F₁ hybrids showed partial chromosome associations. Their mean chromosome association per cell was 20.73I+3.63II, although the mean chromosome association per cell in the parental species was 0.09I+15.96II for I. laevigata and 0.03I+11.98II for I. ensata, respecively. In contrast, the normal association (28II) was partially restored in the amphidiploids. Their mean chromosome association per cell was 1.93I+26.48II+0.28III+0.03IV+0.03V. In this study, moreover, the crossability between I. ensata (2X and 4X) and the amphidiploids and between I. laevigata and the amphiliploids was examined. No hybrid plants were obtained from both reciprocal crosses between I. ensata (2X) and the amphidiploids and between I. laevigata and the amphidiploids. Only the cross of I. ensata (4X) × the amphidiploids in the reciprocal crosses produced hybrid plants. The observation of their somatic chromosome numbers indicates that these are true hybrid plants between autotetraploid I. ensata and the amphidiploids, and such plants can be called autoallotetraploids between I. ensata and I. laevigata. The interspecific cross-breeding of I. ensata using the autoallotetraploids is discussed.     

Chromosome association and fertility in hybrids of Iris laevigata Fisch. x I. ensata Thunb.

Summary Chromosome association at MI of PMCs in hybrids of I. laevigata x I. ensata was examined and compared with that of parental species. The mean chromosome association per cell in the parental species was 0.02_I+11.99_II for I. ensata (Kachô, 2n=24), 0.11_I+15.94_II and 0.15_I+15.92_II for I. laevigata (Yukidôrô and wild type, 2n=32), respectively. On the other hand, the mean chromosome association per cell in the hybrids (2n=28) was 20.22_I+3.88_II+0.0046_IV for Yukidôrô × Kachô and 20.92_I+3.54_II for wild type × Kachô. Thus, the hybrids indicated a low homology between I. ensata and I. laevigata, and did not exhibit pollen and seed fertility. The utility of the hybrids was discussed.