三里洞煤矸石废弃地景观规划

煤矸石的大量堆放破坏环境与景观格局,带来了一系列的生态环境问题。本文探索了矸石废弃地景观规划设计的目标与原则,运用生态恢复、景观设计的理论方法指导矸石废弃地进行生态恢复与景观重建。以矸石堆尺度、废弃地尺度两种立地类型划分结果为依据,在此基础上进行了景观规划设计。从而引发对废弃地区域规划设计的思考,这对改善矿区生态环境面貌,恢复土地的生产能力,促进农业生产,提高城市地位和形象有着重要的意义,也可为其它地区矸石废弃地的景观规划提供借鉴。     

寿宁南山风景区森林景观格局研究

摘要：森林景观格局是森林景观生态学研究的核心。本文以1988年影像为1：10 000的航片,2004年的影像为1：10 000航片与1：5 000卫片的叠加片分析所得的数据为基础资料,利用GIS技术,选取风景游憩林景观斑块特征指数、景观异质性指数、景观格局变化的驱动力,系统地分析了森林景观格局,以期为风景游憩林构建和景观规划提供现实指导。结果表明,在研究期内寿宁南山风景区景观类型的数目未发生变化,但各景观类型的特征值均发生了显著的变化,对景观异质性的分析发现,景观的多样性指数、破碎度指数和均匀度指数均表现为上升态势,而优势度指数有所下降。不同类型的景观斑块其变化特征各不相同。     

气候变暖背景下黑龙江省水稻初霜冻灾害风险区划研究

为了减轻黑龙江省水稻初霜冻灾害造成的损失,实现初霜冻灾害风险性管理,并为农业生产合理布局提供科学依据,利用GIS技术将气候数据、地理信息数据以及社会经济数据相结合,分析了水稻初霜冻灾害的危险性和易损性,实现了水稻初霜冻灾害的风险评估与区划,并分析了气候变暖背景下初霜冻灾害的变化特征。结果表明：水稻初霜冻灾害在致灾因子危险性和承灾体易损性综合作用下,可划分为5个等级区域,每个等级区域因影响因子的不同,划分区域类型也有所差异;气候变暖使初霜冻灾害出现的概率有所减少,但气候条件的不稳定以及人类的适应性行为使得霜冻灾害的潜在危险性有增加的趋势。     

Effects on Changing Grain Size of Landscape Indices in Sushuihe Watershed

景观指数是指能够高度浓缩景观格局信息,反应其结构组成和空间配置某些方面特征的简单定量指标。本文以涑水河流域为例,使用2008年该流域的TM影像,应用RS和GIS技术,并借助Fragstats软件在不同尺度上对12种常用景观格局指数进行了分析,结果表明：（1）PD、ED、LSI、SHAPE-MN、FRAC-MN、CONTAG和AI随粒度的增加呈现逐渐减小的趋势;（2）PAFRAC随粒度增加呈现逐渐上升的趋势;（3）LPI、SHDI和SHEI随粒度的增加呈现的变化趋势比较复杂。     

黧蒴栲遗传多样性的AFLP分析

遗传多样性分析为黧蒴栲优良品种的培育和利用提供技术依据。利用AFLP技术对39个黧蒴栲半同胞家系进行遗传多样性分析,结果显示利用8对引物共扩增出清晰条带761条,其中有多态性的条带有565条,多态率为74.14%,半同胞家系之间遗传多样性较高。黧蒴栲不同优树采集地之间遗传多样性较大,遗传多样性表现出较明显的地域性。各优树采集地内的遗传多样性表现不一致：湖南通道、福建明溪、广东平远优树采集地内遗传变异小;广西永福、融水、平果3地优树采集地内遗传变异较大,存在较大的遗传多样性;广西苍梧优树采集地内遗传变异最大。黧蒴栲出现优良半同胞家系的几率和遗传多样性密切相关,遗传多样性高的出现优良半同胞家系的几率大。出现优良家系的几率与家系所处的地理位置具有相关性,优良率与家系所处的纬度呈高度负相关,与经度为中度负相关。     

农村土地房屋资产属性研究综述

农村土地房屋是农村经济发展的重要资源,是农民的宝贵财富。本文围绕农村土地房屋的基本属性：主体化、资产化和市场化,综合运用文献检索法和对比分析法,梳理和总结了学术界对我国农村土地房屋资产属性的研究成果。研究结果表明：（1）农村土地房屋资产化、主体化和市场化,受到经济学家高度关注,产生了丰富的研究成果;（2）有关研究成果表明,我国农村土地房屋主体化、资产化和市场化取得新的进展;（3）我国农村土地房屋主体化、资产化和市场化任重道远,必须坚持科学发展观,立足我国的基本国情,推进农村土地房屋资产管理。     

近50年山西省霜冻特征分析

为了全面认识山西省霜冻天气特征,为农业的精细化区划提供更多参考,利用全省70个地面气象站逐日最低地温资料,采用线性倾向和小波分析等方法,对山西省霜冻特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）山西省初、终霜日及无霜期的空间分布差异明显,最早最晚初霜日相差79天,终霜日相差112天,无霜期相差282天。（2）总体上,山西省初霜日推后,终霜日提前,无霜期延长。20世纪90年代后,初霜日推后的趋势明显加大。初霜日和无霜期的年代际变化存在明显的地域差异,而终霜日不明显。（3）小波分析揭示,山西省初、终霜日以及无霜期均存在多尺度变化特征,但三者存在明显差异,且在不同的时间尺度上,突变点不同。（4）山西省重度霜冻灾害多出现在20世纪60年代和70年代;21世纪以后,出现重度终霜冻灾害的几率增加。因此,采取科学的区划方式,合理调整种植布局,才能有效提高农业产业水平。     

植物物候研究的成就、问题与生长点

随着全球变暖,植物物候对全球变暖的响应已成为植物物候学研究的焦点。作者在多年荒漠区植物物候观测研究的同时,查阅了大量研究资料。文章在对物候学特性研究、物候应用研究、物候响应全球变化研究、物候学研究方法等方面进行综述的基础上,分析了存在的主要问题,提出了今后物候学发展的生长点：（1）探寻决定植物物候的环境敏感基因;（2）物候成果的应用开发;（3）植物物候的自动观测。     

河北王家寨民俗村景观修订性规划及 景观变化评价

摘 要：为进一步提升王家寨民俗村的旅游品位,对该村的景观进行了修订性的规划,并运用AutoCAD绘制了景观现状平面图和景观规划平面图,然后分析规划前后景观指数变化,结果表明：规划后各类型斑块数量和密度绝大部分有所增加,景观斑块形状破碎化指数变化较大,多样性指数、优势度指数、丰富度指数均有大幅提高,总之,规划后景观类型集中程度加强,景观更加丰富多彩,旅游设施更为完善,有利于旅游业的发展。     

中早熟番茄新品种“黄山1号”的选育及 抗青枯病鉴定

摘 要：为进一步提升王家寨民俗村的旅游品位,对该村的景观进行了修订性的规划,并运用AutoCAD绘制了景观现状平面图和景观规划平面图,然后分析规划前后景观指数变化,结果表明：规划后各类型斑块数量和密度绝大部分有所增加,景观斑块形状破碎化指数变化较大,多样性指数、优势度指数、丰富度指数均有大幅提高,总之,规划后景观类型集中程度加强,景观更加丰富多彩,旅游设施更为完善,有利于旅游业的发展。     

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM AND LANDSCAPE PIANNING

This paper introduces a concept and development of the geographical information system(GIS), and outlines its use program in application to landscape planning and also presents anp useful GIS software by a practical example of landscape suitable analysis.     

村域农村居民点景观格局及其影响因素分析——以宜兴市8个村为例

本文运用景观生态学和GIS空间分析的理论与方法,以村域为研究单元,对比分析宜兴市8个样本村的农村居民点景观格局及用地扩展特征,进行探讨地形地貌、空间区位、经济发展、政策措施等因素的影响,以期为当地农村居民点规划与调控提供现实依据。     

Landscape Ecology Researches on the Regulation of Non-point Source Pollution in Agroforestry Watershed

Non-point source(NPS) water pollution generated by agricultural production has become a major environmental issue in agroforestry watersheds such as the Three Gorges. Landscape ecology emphasizes the regulation and effect of landscape pattern on material flow, energy flow in the ecological processes. This paper reviewed landscape ecological approaches of controlling non-point source pollution in agroforestry watershed of the Three Gorges from the patch level and landscape level. Stage I: landscape ecological investigation. The investigation is to fi gure out landscape pattern characteristics of the watershed, major causes and key sections of the non-point source pollution, "source" patches and ecological process of non-point source pollution, and the feedback relationship between landscape pattern and non-point source pollution. Stage II: landscape ecological planning. In the patch level, the best management procedures(BMPs) are selected to judge the application effect. In the landscape level, new landscape elements are introduced, "source" and "sink" landscape patch types adjusted, landscape level regulation effect assessed. Stage III: landscape ecological management. Small-watershed landscape ecological construction is carried out from patch level and landscape level, BMPs implemented gradually, landscape ecological planning and management integrated, landscape heterogeneity enhanced, intensity of non-point source pollution controlled effectively to achieve sustainable development of small watersheds.     

Construction of Eco-landscape Attraction's Spatial Alienation Model: A Case Study of Water Recreation Space

Study on eco-landscape attraction focuses on the congregate effect of production factors, but the spatial alienation of the congregate factors is an academic blind zone. This paper takes urban eco-water recreation space as the experiment object, explores the spatial alienation process of eco-landscape attraction, i.e., the homogeneous landscapes' attraction prefers alienation after factor magnetic field's differentiation, and then the attraction spaces of similar landscape areas are apt to alienation, finally leading to another new eco-landscape attraction's spatial structure of "homogeneous landscapes repel each other, heterogeneous landscapes attract" and the construction of eco-recreation alternating buffer model. In addition, this research proposes the testing procedures and evaluation method of that model, ensuring the structural innovation and application universality of the new urban recreation space planning.     

GIS技术在城市历史遗产保护管理中的应用研究进展

传统的历史遗产保护方法在信息处理和管理等方面具有较大的局限性。以世界遗产保护和管理机制发展为目标,通过国内外成功的案例解析遗产资源调查和信息整合GIS数据库的构建过程。分别阐述了GIS在文化遗产保护、区域文化与自然遗产保护、风景园林遗产保护等方面的实践应用情况。指出国内遗产保护领域应当多借助新的思维方式和研究方法,将GIS与其它数字化技术综合运用到遗产保护管理研究,今后尤其需要加强遗产价值和遗产文献资料保存、GIS系统检测等方面的研究。研究结果表明,信息处理、编写遗产文件、绘制专题地图是动态GIS数据库建设过程中的核心环节,可以有效挖掘历史城市突出的遗产价值,并有助于管理部门制定不同城市遗产文献保护和管理战略,从而为中国未来遗产保护和可持续发展提供可借鉴的创新思路。     

Development of Domestic and Foreign Railway Heritage Landscapes

Railway heritage is special heritage type. Unique spatial characteristics and complicate landscape components of railway heritage landscapes characterize protection of railway heritage landscapes with diversifi ed and multi-discipline. This paper elaborated development history of domestic and foreign railway heritage landscape theories and protection cases, and pointed out that railway heritage landscape protection requires further theoretical researches and practical explorations.     

Application of UAV Image in Quantitative Analysis of Landscape Pattern of Railway

Taking Beijing–Shanghai High-speed Railway(the section of Zhenjiangnan Station) for example,this paper applied UAV remote sensing data and GIS spatial analysis to analyze current land use types in this section,on this basis used landscape pattern indices that showed high correlation with land use changes for the quantitative analysis and evaluation of ecosystem structure in the study area and also landscape pattern after the construction of high-speed railway.The results showed that UAV images performed well in the evaluation of railway landscape ecological environment,landscape structure and features represented by the selected landscape pattern indices in this paper were applicable,and capable of ensuring scientific evaluation of ecological environmental impact;the overall landscape pattern of the Zhenjiangnan Station section(Beijing–Shanghai High-speed Railway) after completion was moderate,and local ecosystem was damaged,thus scientific and reasonable ecological planning was required to design and change landscape structure.     

基于Quickbird影像的成都市高新区绿地景观格局研究

摘要：为了精确了解成都市高新区城区绿地分布结构,利用Quickbird影像数据,结合其他地学信息,以GIS、RS为主要技术手段,辅以人工实地调绘信息,对成都市高新区南部园区进行了绿地景观信息分类与提取,完成了对高新区南部城区的绿地现状GIS成图。在GIS成图基础上利用景观生态学理论和方法,分别从斑块水平指数、类型水平指数和景观水平指数层面研究了高新区南部园区景观格局的特征,提出了研究区域内的绿地景观分布格局的问题,旨在为高新区南部园区的绿地系统规划建设提供参考。     

GIS技术在中国农业气候区划中的应用进展

地理信息系统（GIS）的空间分析功能与传统区划方法的结合,可以得到更加精细的农业气候区划结果,其作为一种技术手段已经广泛应用于农业气候区划,为当地农业生产决策提供可靠的依据。笔者着重从气候要素细网格化、区划成果数字化、信息服务、“3S”技术相结合等四个方面,总结GIS技术在中国农业气候区划中的应用进展,对应用中所存在的问题进行分析讨论,提出将来可能的研究方向,以期对该领域的研究提供参考。几点建议如下：（1）进行农业气候区划时应综合考虑多种自然环境因素和社会因子;（2）运用GIS技术进行“自下而上”的区域合并过程中,需要更好地结合自动合并与人工合并;（3）区划指标应考虑运用逻辑交集运算;（4）建立基于Web技术的开放式共享GIS农业气候区划平台;（5）GIS结合GPS、卫星遥感数据可以从宏观的角度全面监测农作物的整个生长发育过程,对指导农业生产具有重要的应用价值。     

Designing a hedgerow network in a multifunctional agricultural landscape: Balancing trade-offs among ecological quality,landscape character and implementation costs

Spatial planning aimed at multifunctional agriculture can be seen as a negotiation process on environmental, social and economic aspects of land use. Complexity arises due to the high number of stakeholders and due to the limited knowledge, which is often organized along disciplinary divides. This paper sets out from the premise that the role of agronomy in such land use planning processes can be strengthened by approaches that allow multi-objective and multi-scale evaluation of spatially explicit land use alternatives. We present an application of the explorative Landscape IMAGES framework, which employs the Differential Evolution optimization strategy and the concepts of Pareto optimality that are relatively easy to implement and to combine with spatially explicit indicator assessments. This technique yields a set of solutions, each representing a spatial configuration of hedgerows in a landscape along with the performance of the landscape in terms of Pareto rank and efficiency. The methodology was applied in a redesign of the structure of linear landscape elements in an agri-ecological zone in The Netherlands where 7 indicators representing ecological quality, landscape character and implementation costs were considered. The case study was developed in interaction with an NGO involved in landscape management planning and implementation.Spatial cohesion in the landscape was found to increase with larger total hedgerow length, but could also be improved without increasing the total length (and therefore costs of establishment and maintenance). Trade-offs existed with other objectives, since this change would involve replacing hedgerows currently positioned in the longitudinal direction (L) of the fields by hedgerows in the transversal direction (T). This change would compromise cultural heritage value as expressed in the L/T ratio, and it would require removal of mature hedgerows in some places and adding of new hedgerows elsewhere in the landscape, thereby increasing implementation costs.The approach was evaluated positively in terms of design validity, output validity and end-user validity. The role of the Landscape IMAGES framework in setting a research agenda to enhance the role of agronomy in multifunctional land use planning is discussed.